公开(公告)号：US07009406B2

公开(公告)日：2006-03-07

申请号：US10831733

申请日：2004-04-23

申请人： Malakondaiah Naidu ,  Thomas J. Schoepf ,  Suresh Gopalakrishnan

发明人： Malakondaiah Naidu ,  Thomas J. Schoepf ,  Suresh Gopalakrishnan

IPC分类号： G01R31/12

CPC分类号： H02H1/0015 ,  G01R31/025 ,  H02H3/44

摘要： The present invention discloses an arc fault detector including a shunt resistor deployed in a circuit being protected, an arc discriminator sensing voltages across the shunt resistor and outputting an arc detection signal when it detects current variations caused by parallel and series arc faults, a signal transformer buffering the arc detection signal and outputting a pulse, a switch transient detector detecting a voltage differential across load switches and outputting a pulsed switch transient detection signal when the voltage differential across load switches exceeds a reference value, a line interrupter such as a static relay, a switch controller including logic gates generating a trip signal based on predetermined criteria, and a manual switch for resetting the line interrupter. A second embodiment of the present invention senses voltage induced in a coil wrapped around a toroidal core to detect current variations in conductors which pass through the center of the toroidal core.

摘要翻译： 本发明公开了一种电弧故障检测器，包括部分在被保护电路中的分流电阻器，电弧鉴别器检测分流电阻器两端的电压，并在检测到由并联和串联电弧故障引起的电流变化时输出电弧检测信号;信号变压器 缓冲电弧检测信号并输出​​脉冲，开关瞬态检测器检测负载开关两端的电压差，并且当负载开关两端的电压差超过参考值时输出脉冲开关瞬态检测信号;线路中断器如静态继电器; 开关控制器，包括基于预定标准产生跳闸信号的逻辑门，以及用于复位线路断路器的手动开关。 本发明的第二实施例感测缠绕在环形磁芯上的线圈中感应的电压，以检测通过环形磁芯中心的导体中的电流变化。

公开(公告)号：US07205772B2

公开(公告)日：2007-04-17

申请号：US11312929

申请日：2005-12-20

申请人： Malakondaiah Naidu ,  Thomas J Schoepf ,  Suresh Gopalakrishnan

发明人： Malakondaiah Naidu ,  Thomas J Schoepf ,  Suresh Gopalakrishnan

IPC分类号： G01R31/08

CPC分类号： H02H1/0015 ,  G01R31/025 ,  H02H3/44

摘要： An arc fault detector includes a shunt resistor deployed in a protected circuit, an arc discriminator sensing voltages across the shunt resistor and producing an arc indication deduced from current variations associated with parallel and series arc faults, a signal transformer buffering the arc detection signal and producing a pulse, a switch transient detector sensing a voltage differential across load switches and producing a pulsed switch transient signal when the voltage differential across load switches exceeds a reference value, a line interrupter, such as a static relay, a switch controller including logic gates generating a trip signal based on predetermined criteria, and a manual switch for resetting the line interrupter. An embodiment comprises a voltage sensing coil enveloping a toroidal core to detect current variations in conductors passing through the core.

摘要翻译： 电弧故障检测器包括部署在受保护电路中的分流电阻器，电弧鉴别器感测分流电阻器两端的电压并产生从与并联和串联电弧故障相关联的电流变化推断出的电弧指示;信号变压器缓冲电弧检测信号并产生 脉冲，开关瞬态检测器，当负载开关上的电压差超过参考值时，检测负载开关两端的电压差，并产生脉冲开关瞬态信号;线路断续器，如静态继电器;开关控制器，包括逻辑门产生 基于预定标准的跳闸信号，以及用于复位线路断路器的手动开关。 一个实施例包括一个包围环形磁芯的电压感测线圈，以检测通过磁芯的导体的电流变化。

公开(公告)号：US06833713B2

公开(公告)日：2004-12-21

申请号：US10355567

申请日：2003-01-31

申请人： Thomas J. Schoepf ,  Malakondaiah Naidu ,  Suresh Gopalakrishan

发明人： Thomas J. Schoepf ,  Malakondaiah Naidu ,  Suresh Gopalakrishan

IPC分类号： H01H950

CPC分类号： H02H3/30 ,  H02H1/0015

摘要： A direct current electrical circuit having a smart wire harness that has integrated electronics which measure both voltage and current through wires of the harness to detect and protect the electrical current from parallel and serial arc faults occurring within a protection zone. The protection zone is disposed directly between two smart connectors of the wire harness which are in communication with one another via a series of signal wires of the harness to detect serial or parallel arc faults within the protection zone. To measure serial arc faults, a voltage drop of the positive wire is measured at each smart connector and a difference taken which equals the serial arc voltage. If this voltage differential increases to a preset value, a switching device which provides power to the smart wire harness is opened. To detect parallel arc faults, that is those arcs which jump between the positive wire and the ground wire of the wire harness, a current is measured at both ends of the positive wire of the wire harness via the same smart connectors. If the ending current is less than the beginning current, signaling a parallel arc fault due to the arc resistance of the arc itself, the same switching device is opened.

摘要翻译： 一种具有智能线束的直流电路，该智能线束具有集成电子装置，其通过线束的电线测量电压和电流，以检测和保护电流不受保护区内发生的并联和串联故障的影响。 保护区域直接设置在线束的两个智能连接器之间，它们通过线束的一系列信号线彼此连通，以检测保护区内的串联或并联电弧故障。 为了测量串联电弧故障，在每个智能连接器处测量正极线的电压降，并取得等于串联电弧电压的差值。 如果该电压差增加到预设值，则向智能线束提供电力的开关装置被打开。 为了检测平行电弧故障，即在线束的正极线和接地线之间跳跃的电弧，通过相同的智能连接器在线束的正极线的两端测量电流。 如果结束电流小于起始电流，则由于电弧本身的电弧电阻而发出并联电弧故障，同一个开关装置打开。

公开(公告)号：US20060214670A1

公开(公告)日：2006-09-28

申请号：US11312929

申请日：2005-12-20

申请人： Malakondaiah Naidu ,  Thomas Schoepf ,  Suresh Gopalakrishnan

发明人： Malakondaiah Naidu ,  Thomas Schoepf ,  Suresh Gopalakrishnan

IPC分类号： G01R31/12 ,  G01R31/08 ,  H01H9/50

CPC分类号： H02H1/0015 ,  G01R31/025 ,  H02H3/44

摘要： An arc fault detector includes a shunt resistor deployed in a protected circuit, an arc discriminator sensing voltages across the shunt resistor and producing an arc indication deduced from current variations associated with parallel and series arc faults, a signal transformer buffering the arc detection signal and producing a pulse, a switch transient detector sensing a voltage differential across load switches and producing a pulsed switch transient signal when the voltage differential across load switches exceeds a reference value, a line interrupter, such as a static relay, a switch controller including logic gates generating a trip signal based on predetermined criteria, and a manual switch for resetting the line interrupter. An embodiment comprises a voltage sensing coil enveloping a toroidal core to detect current variations in conductors passing through the core.

摘要翻译： 电弧故障检测器包括部署在受保护电路中的分流电阻器，电弧鉴别器感测分流电阻器两端的电压，并产生从与并联和串联电弧故障相关联的电流变化推断的电弧指示;信号变压器缓冲电弧检测信号并产生 脉冲，开关瞬态检测器，当负载开关上的电压差超过参考值时，检测负载开关两端的电压差，并产生脉冲开关瞬态信号;线路断续器，如静态继电器;开关控制器，包括逻辑门产生 基于预定标准的跳闸信号，以及用于复位线路断路器的手动开关。 一个实施例包括一个包围环形磁芯的电压感测线圈，以检测通过磁芯的导体的电流变化。

公开(公告)号：US06404150B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-11

申请号：US09604439

申请日：2000-06-27

申请人： Thomas Wolfgang Nehl ,  Malakondaiah Naidu ,  Avoki Omekanda ,  Anita B. Rao ,  Lateef A. Kajouke ,  Mark M. Osugi

发明人： Thomas Wolfgang Nehl ,  Malakondaiah Naidu ,  Avoki Omekanda ,  Anita B. Rao ,  Lateef A. Kajouke ,  Mark M. Osugi

IPC分类号： H02P768

CPC分类号： B60L1/00 ,  B60L2210/10 ,  Y02T10/7216

摘要： An electric vehicle accessory motor drive power supply system (40) that utilizes a single power supply design to provide efficient variable speed motor control to both brushless and brush-type DC motors (42,44). The power supply system includes at least one of each type of motor along with a first DC-DC converter (46) that provides operating power to the brushless motor (42) and a second DC-DC converter (48) that provides operating power to the brush-type motor (44). Both converters (46,48) have a power input (52) connected to the electric vehicle's high voltage bus (50) and each includes a data input (54) for receiving a speed control signal (SC) indicative of desired motor speed, as well as an output (56) for providing a motor drive signal to its associated DC motor (42,44). Each of the converters (46,48) is operable in response to its received speed control signal to convert operating power from the high voltage bus (50) into a lower voltage variable motor drive signal that is provided to its associated motor (42,44) via its output (56). The variable drive signal can be either a variable DC voltage signal or a pulse-width modulated signal. With this arrangement, a single converter design, including a single speed control interface, can be utilized to operate both brush-type and brushless motors. Furthermore, the system permits more efficient operation of the brushless motors since it obviates the need for speed control electronics on the motor itself and therefore eliminates the relatively inefficient use of cascaded PWM stages.

摘要翻译： 一种电动车辆附件电动机驱动电源系统（40），其利用单个电源设计为无刷和直流电动机（42,44）提供有效的变速电动机控制。 电源系统包括每种类型的电动机中的至少一个以及向无刷电动机（42）提供工作电力的第一DC-DC转换器（46）和向第一DC-DC转换器（48）提供工作电力的第二DC-DC转换器 刷式电动机（44）。 两个转换器（46,48）都具有连接到电动汽车的高压总线（50）的电力输入（52），并且每个转换器包括用于接收指示期望的电动机速度的速度控制信号（SC）的数据输入（54），如 以及用于向其相关联的DC电动机（42,44）提供电动机驱动信号的输出（56）。 每个转换器（46,48）响应于其接收到的速度控制信号而工作，以将来自高压总线（50）的操作功率转换成提供给其相关联的电动机（42,44）的较低电压可变电动机驱动信号 ）通过其输出（56）。 可变驱动信号可以是可变直流电压信号或脉冲宽度调制信号。 通过这种布置，可以使用包括单个速度控制接口的单个​​转换器设计来操作电刷型和无刷电动机。 此外，该系统允许无刷电动机的更有效的操作，因为它消除了对电动机本身上的速度控制电子装置的需要，因此消除了级联PWM级的相对低效的使用。

公开(公告)号：US07543687B2

公开(公告)日：2009-06-09

申请号：US11376836

申请日：2006-03-16

申请人： Malakondaiah Naidu ,  Thomas W. Nehl

发明人： Malakondaiah Naidu ,  Thomas W. Nehl

IPC分类号： F16D66/02

CPC分类号： F16F9/3292 ,  B60G2204/112 ,  F16F9/38 ,  F16F2230/08 ,  G01D5/00 ,  G01D5/2046

摘要： A piston damper assembly includes a piston damper and a relative position sensor. The piston damper includes a damper body and a piston rod. The piston rod is axially movable within the damper body. The relative position sensor includes an axially-extending magnetic core, an excitation coil, and a position-sensing coil. The axially-extending magnetic core is movable with the piston rod, is located outside the damper body, and has first and second protrusions extending toward the damper body. The excitation coil is wound around the first protrusion, and the position-sensing coil is wound around the second protrusion. A piston-damper dust tube subassembly includes an axially-extending piston-damper dust tube and a relative position sensor. The relative position sensor includes an axially-extending magnetic core, an excitation coil, and a position-sensing coil. The axially-extending magnetic core is attached to the dust tube and has first and second protrusions.

摘要翻译： 活塞阻尼器组件包括活塞阻尼器和相对位置传感器。 活塞阻尼器包括阻尼体和活塞杆。 活塞杆可在阻尼体内轴向移动。 相对位置传感器包括轴向延伸的磁芯，励磁线圈和位置感测线圈。 轴向延伸的磁芯可以与活塞杆一起移动，位于阻尼器主体的外部，并且具有向阻尼器体延伸的第一和第二突起。 励磁线圈缠绕在第一突起上，并且位置感测线圈缠绕在第二突起上。 活塞式减震器灰尘管子组件包括一个轴向延伸的活塞阻尼器灰尘管和相对位置传感器。 相对位置传感器包括轴向延伸的磁芯，励磁线圈和位置感测线圈。 轴向延伸的磁芯被附接到灰尘管并具有第一和第二突起。

公开(公告)号：US06362586B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-26

申请号：US09706139

申请日：2000-09-15

申请人： Malakondaiah Naidu

发明人： Malakondaiah Naidu

IPC分类号： H02P736

CPC分类号： H02P6/08 ,  B60L15/025 ,  B60L2220/14 ,  H02P21/06 ,  Y02T10/643 ,  Y02T90/16

摘要： A method and device for controlling the torque of a permanent magnet (PM), synchronous, alternating-current (AC) motor, wherein the motor is powered by an inverter connected to a direct-current (DC) power source, is proposed. The method includes the steps of communicating a torque command signal from a user to a microcontroller, sensing the alternating-current phase currents of the motor and communicating electrical signals representing data concerning the phase currents to the microcontroller, sensing the position of the rotor of the motor and communicating electrical signals representing data concerning the position of the rotor to the microcontroller, and utilizing the microcontroller to implement a modulation technique to generate electrical switching signals for creating electrical sinusoidal waveforms. In addition, the method also includes the step of utilizing the microcontroller to implement a vector control technique to generate electrical control signals for adjusting the frequency and magnitude of the sinusoidal waveforms according to the phase current data, the rotor position data, the voltage supplied by the power source, and the torque command signal. In this particular step, generating the control signals includes the step of referring to look-up tables in an electronic memory only when operating the motor in a constant torque mode. Lastly, the method also includes the step of utilizing the microcontroller to communicate the switching signals for creating sinusoidal waveforms to the inverter. In this way, the inverter is able to generate and transmit sinusoidal waveforms, as dictated by the switching signals, to the motor for optimal torque control.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种用于控制永磁（PM），同步，交流（AC）电动机的转矩的方法和装置，其中电动机由连接到直流（DC）电源的逆变器供电。 该方法包括以下步骤：将来自使用者的转矩指令信号传送到微控制器，感测电动机的交流相电流并传送表示与微控制器有关的相电流数据的电信号，感测转子的位置 电动机和将代表关于转子位置的数据传送到微控制器的电信号，以及利用微控制器实现调制技术以产生用于产生电正弦波形的电开关信号。 此外，该方法还包括利用微控制器实现矢量控制技术以产生用于根据相电流数据调整正弦波形的频率和幅度的电控信号，转子位置数据，由 电源和转矩指令信号。 在该特定步骤中，产生控制信号包括仅当以恒定转矩模式操作电动机时才参考电子存储器中的查找表的步骤。 最后，该方法还包括利用微控制器将用于产生正弦波形的开关信号传送给逆变器的步骤。 以这种方式，逆变器能够根据开关信号产生和发送正弦波形到电机以获得最佳的转矩控制。

公开(公告)号：US06664768B2

公开(公告)日：2003-12-16

申请号：US09862236

申请日：2001-05-21

申请人： Malakondaiah Naidu ,  Thomas Wolfgang Nehl

发明人： Malakondaiah Naidu ,  Thomas Wolfgang Nehl

IPC分类号： H02P910

CPC分类号： H02J7/1461 ,  H02H7/067 ,  H02P9/00 ,  H02P9/102

摘要： An apparatus for controlling the load dump voltage of a permanent magnet (PM) alternator having a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) bridge. The apparatus includes a voltage divider, a peak detector, and a comparator. The voltage divider attenuates the bridge output voltage, which is further fed through a peak detector to hold the peak value for improved stability. The comparator changes states when the bridge output exceeds a predetermined voltage level (e.g., 55 volts) that is less than the load dump threshold limit (e.g., 60 volts), but greater than the normal operating voltage (e.g., 42 volts). The comparator output change-in-state deactivates a gate pulse generator, thereby suppressing further operation of the SCR bridge. Voltage transients that may otherwise occur at the bridge output for the remainder portion of a half cycle from the PM alternator are clamped using a varistor or zener diode.

公开(公告)号：US06605912B1

公开(公告)日：2003-08-12

申请号：US09104488

申请日：1998-06-25

申请人： Aravind Sourirajan Bharadwaj ,  Fang Deng ,  Thomas Wolfgang Nehl ,  Malakondaiah Naidu

发明人： Aravind Sourirajan Bharadwaj ,  Fang Deng ,  Thomas Wolfgang Nehl ,  Malakondaiah Naidu

IPC分类号： H02P750

CPC分类号： H02P21/0089 ,  H02P6/15 ,  H02P2209/07

摘要： A three region control strategy for a permanent magnet motor is presented. In a first control region, the permanent magnet motor is operated at, a 120° conduction square wave mode at reduced phase current, and below a no-load speed. The motor phase current commutation causes eddy current losses in the rotor magnets and core which are insignificant due to the low phase currents and relatively low rotor speed. Meanwhile, the inverter switching losses are kept low as two switches are in use (on/off) for each current commutation during the 120° conduction mode. In a second control region, the permanent magnet motor is operated at a 180° conduction sinusoidal wave mode with high phase currents. The 180° conduction sinusoidal wave mode minimizes the commutation loss. In a third control region, the permanent magnet motor is operated above its no-load speed or in a field weakening mode. At these higher speeds the slot ripple and commutation losses on the rotor increase, and the demagnetizing component of the armature reaction increases due to field weakening. Commutation losses are minimized through sinusoidal current operation. In the field weakening mode, the phase current conduction angle is set to 180° and the phase currents become sinusoidal.

摘要翻译： 介绍了永磁电动机的三区控制策略。 在第一控制区域中，永磁电动机以相对于减小的相电流在120°导通方波模式下工作，并且低于空载速度。 电动机相电流换向导致转子磁体和磁芯中的涡流损耗由于低相电流和相对较低的转子转速而不显着。 同时，在120°导通模式期间，对于每个电流换向，两个开关正在使用（开/关），逆变器开关损耗保持较低。 在第二控制区域中，永磁电动机在具有高相电流的180°导通正弦波模式下操作。 180°导通正弦波模式使换向损耗最小化。 在第三控制区域中，永磁电动机在空载速度或弱磁模式下运转。 在这些更高的速度下，转子上的槽波动和换向损耗增加，并且由于磁场弱化，电枢反应的退磁分量增加。 通过正弦电流操作使换向损耗最小化。 在弱磁模式中，相电流导通角设定为180°，相电流变为正弦。

公开(公告)号：US06465975B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-15

申请号：US09663331

申请日：2000-09-18

申请人： Malakondaiah Naidu

发明人： Malakondaiah Naidu

IPC分类号： H02P104

CPC分类号： H02P6/10 ,  B62D5/046 ,  H02P6/06 ,  H02P6/08 ,  H02P6/17 ,  H02P21/22

摘要： A novel method is proposed for controlling the torque of a PM brushless motor with sinusoidal back-emfs without current sensors by computing the required input phase voltages with measured rotor position and speed and known machine parameters. These voltages are fed to the machine at an angle computed in terms of input parameters and the phase voltage with respect to their back-emfs so that phase currents are aligned with their back-emfs to exactly mimic the performance of the current mode controller.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种新颖的方法，通过用测量的转子位置和速度以及已知的机器参数计算所需的输入相电压来控制具有正弦反电动势的无刷电动机的转矩，而不使用电流传感器。 这些电压以与输入参数和相电压相关的后向电流计算出的角度馈送到机器，使得相电流与它们的反电动势对准，以精确地模拟电流模式控制器的性能。