摘要:
Provided are methods of modifying the surface stress-activated reactivity of proppant particulates used in subterranean operations. In one embodiment, the methods comprise: providing a plurality of particulates, at least one of which comprises a mineral surface; providing a surface-treating reagent capable of modifying the stress-activated reactivity of a mineral surface of a particulate; and allowing the surface-treating reagent modify the stress-activated reactivity of at least a portion of the mineral surface of at least one particulate. In other embodiments, the methods comprise the use of particulates comprising a modified mineral surface in fluids introduced into subterranean formations.
摘要:
A catheter introduces electrodes in a vein for a minimally invasive treatment of venous insufficiency by the application of energy to cause selective heating of the vein. The catheter is positioned within the vein to be treated, and the electrodes on the catheter are moved toward one side of the vein. RF energy is applied in a directional manner from the electrodes at the working end of the catheter to cause localized heating and corresponding shrinkage of the adjacent venous tissue, which may include commissures, leaflets and ostia. Fluoroscopy or ultrasound may be used to detect shrinkage of the vein. After treating one section of the vein, the catheter can be repositioned to place the electrodes to treat different sections of the vein until all desired venous valves are repaired and rendered functionally competent.
摘要:
The present invention relates to high porosity propped fractures and methods of creating high porosity propped fractures in portions of subterranean formations. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method of forming a high porosity propped fracture in a subterranean formation, comprising providing a slurry comprising a fracturing fluid and proppant particulates coated with an adhesive substance; introducing the slurry into a portion of a fracture within the subterranean formation; and, depositing the proppant particulates into the portion of the fracture within the subterranean formation so as to form a high porosity propped fracture. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a high porosity propped fracture comprising proppant particulates substantially coated with an adhesive substance wherein the propped fracture has a porosity of at least about 50%.
摘要:
An apparatus to filter water with a Filter that slides in or out of housing easily, Filter has different size inlet and outlet nipples to prevent incorrect installation, The cam action locking levers easily pull filter into housing when pushed downward and easily remove filter when cam action levers are pushed upward, and rubber o-rings on inlet and outlet nipples of filter fit snuggly into housing which prevents leakage and assures all water must pass through filter media.
摘要:
Methods of treating a portion of a subterranean formation comprising: providing partitioned, coated particulates that comprise particulates, an adhesive substance, and a partitioning agent, and wherein the partitioning agent comprises a subterranean treatment chemical; substantially slurrying the partitioned, coated particulates in a treatment fluid to create a particulate slurry; and, placing the particulate slurry into the portion of the subterranean formation.
摘要:
A method of making a proppant is provided, wherein the method includes the steps of: (a) forming a particulate comprising: (i) a binder; and (ii) a filler; and (b) sintering the particulate to form a sintered proppant, wherein the sintered proppant comprises: (i) at least 20 wt % of alkaline earth oxide equivalent; and (ii) at least 20 wt % of silicon dioxide equivalent. A method of treating (e.g., fracturing) a subterranean formation is provided, the method including the steps of: (a) suspending the sintered proppant in a treatment fluid; and (b) introducing the sintered proppant into the subterranean formation. The sintered proppant is made with a raw material selected from the group consisting of: unhydrated cement, hydrated cement (e.g., construction cement or concrete waste), kiln dust, fly ash, limestone, lime, talc, olivine, dolomite, clay that contains a substantial concentration of alkaline earth oxide equivalent, and any combination thereof in any proportion.
摘要:
A non-invasive tissue oxygenation system for accelerating the healing of damaged tissue and to promote tissue viability is disclosed herein. The system is comprised of a lightweight portable electrochemical oxygen concentrator, a power management system, microprocessors, memory, a pressure sensing system, a temperature monitoring system, oxygen flow rate monitoring and control system, a display screen and key pad navigation controls as a means of providing continuous variably controlled low dosages of oxygen to a wound site and monitoring the healing process. A kink resistant oxygen delivery tubing, whereby the proximal end is removably connected to the device and the distal end with holes or a flexible, flat, oxygen-permeable tape is positioned on the wound bed as a means of applying oxygen to the wound site. The distal end of the tube is in communication with the electrochemical oxygen concentrator and wound monitoring system to communicate temperature and oxygen partial pressure information. A moisture absorbent dressing is positioned over the distal end of the tubing on the wound site and a reduced moisture vapor permeable dressing system is positioned whereby covering the moisture absorbent dressing, distal end of tubing and wound site creating a restricted airflow enclosure. The restricted airflow enclosure allows the out-of-the-way control and display unit to provide a controlled hyperoxia and hypoxia wound site for accelerated wound healing.
摘要:
Provided are methods of modifying the stress-activated reactivity of subterranean fracture faces and other surfaces in subterranean formations. In one embodiment, the methods comprise: providing a treatment fluid that comprises a base fluid and a surface-treating reagent capable of modifying the stress-activated reactivity of a mineral surface in a subterranean formation; introducing the treatment fluid into a subterranean formation; and allowing the surface-treating reagent to modify the stress-activated reactivity of at least a portion of a mineral surface in the subterranean formation.
摘要:
One embodiment of the present invention provides a treatment fluid comprising water, a crosslinking agent, and a substantially fully hydrated depolymerized polymer having a C* of at least about 0.27. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method of treating a portion of a subterranean formation comprising preparing a treatment fluid comprising water, a crosslinking agent, and a substantially fully hydrated depolymerized polymer having a C* of at least about 0.27; and, contacting the portion of the subterranean formation with the treatment fluid. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method of fracturing a subterranean formation comprising preparing a treatment fluid comprising water, a crosslinking agent, and a substantially fully hydrated depolymerized polymer having a C* of at least about 0.27; and, placing the treatment fluid into the subterranean formation at a pressure sufficient to create or extend at least one fracture therein.
摘要:
The present invention provides methods of preparing and using viscous gelled well treating fluids devoid of insoluble gelling agent residue and compositions. A viscous gelled treating fluid composition devoid of insoluble gelling agent residue basically comprises water, a hydrated gelling agent and the water insoluble residue therefrom, a base for raising the pH of the water so that the water insoluble residue is dissolved therein, and additional water to lower the amount of the gelling agent in the treating fluid relative to the amount of water therein and to lower the pH thereof.