摘要:
Zinc and, if desired, lead are volatilized from a metallurgical material such as a finely divided oxidic ore, ore concentrate or another metallurgical intermediate. The volatilization of the zinc is carried out at a temperature above 1300.degree. C. in a cyclone chamber which has an axis that is substantially horizontal, i.e. is inclined to the horizontal at an angle of 0.degree. to 15.degree.. Carbon dioxide is removed from the gas leaving the zinc condensing stage and the high carbon monoxide gas thus obtained is recycled to the cyclone chamber or at another point ahead of the condensation stage.
摘要:
A process for thermally treating fine-grained solids with high-oxygen gases at temperatures at which the solids can form molten and gaseous reaction products comprises carrying out the thermal treatment at least in part in a cyclone chamber. The solids, high-oxygen gases and, if desired, an energy carrier (usually a carbon-containing solid, liquid or gas) are mixed to form a suspension at a temperature below the reaction temperature. The suspension is fed to a vertical combustion path (tube) and reacts therein to form another suspension of primarily molten particles which is admitted to the cyclone chamber. Reactants are added to the gas phase within a core-flow region of the cyclone chamber and/or immediately after the discharge of gas therefrom to a cooling chamber.
摘要:
A process for thermally treating fine-grained solids with high-oxygen gases at temperatures at which the solids can form molten and gaseous reaction products comprises carrying out the thermal treatment in a cyclone chamber and thereafter conducting the gases from the cyclone chamber into a horizontal or vertical cooling chamber. The process can be used for the roasting of sulfide ores, ore concentrates and other metallurgical intermediate products. The outlet of the cyclone chamber through which the gases are removed lies approximately along the axis and cooling is carried out in the cooling chamber such that the molten droplets contained in the gas stream entering the latter are cooled in free flight below their solidification point in the gas, i.e., do not contact the walls of the cooling chamber until they are solidified at least along their surfaces.
摘要:
Gases having a high SO.sub.2 content are catalytically reacted in a contacting zone having a plurality of series-connected contacting trays. A partial stream of partly reacted gases from the contacting zone containing SO.sub.3 is admixed with the SO.sub.2 containing gas before entering the first contacting tray. The gases are subjected to interstage cooling between contacting trays. At least a portion of the partly reacted gases is passed through an absorber prior to mixing with the feed stock gas having a high SO.sub.2 content. The rate at which SO.sub.3 is absorbed is increased in dependence on the loss of catalyst activity in the contacting zones such that the conversion of SO.sub.2 to SO.sub.3 in the contacting trays remains approximately constant.
摘要:
A process for removing sulfur trioxide from gases wherein the sulfur trioxide-containing gas is treated with sulfuric acid in a Venturi absorber, the sulfur-trioxide laden sulfuric acid is passed in indirect heat exchange with a cooling fluid within the widening outlet of the absorber and the sulfur trioxide-laden sulfuric acid is separated from the gas phase.
摘要:
A method for metering solid present in the gas/solid stream of a fluidized-bed apparatus, in which gas and solid are present as a prehomogenized, free-flowing mixture in a fluidized bed and in which at least one outlet orifice for removal of the gas/solid stream is provided in an outflow pipe. The method provides for feeding a particulate phase and a gas phase, homogenizing the two phases in a fluidized bed, discharging the two-phase flow via a discharge pipe and injecting gas into the discharge pipe.
摘要:
A dosing apparatus provides for dosing a particulate phase within a free flowing two phase flow of a gas phase and the particulate phase, wherein the two phase flow leaves a fluidized bed. The apparatus includes, at its bottom, a gas inlet mechanism to supply the gas via an orifice, and an outlet orifice with a discharge pipe. Control of the gas flow to maintain a predetermined level of the bed is attained by weighing the contents of the bed or by use of sensors within a treatment space of the apparatus. Widening mechanism may be located subsequent to the outlet orifice for widening the stream of particulate phase for exposing an enlarged surface area of particles for treatment.
摘要:
The thermal decomposition of aluminum chloride hydrate in which the preponderant portion of the hydrate is thermally decomposed in an indirectly heated reaction chamber while in a fluidized state with any remainder thermally decomposed in a directly heated rotary furnace and passing the formed aluminum oxide in heat exchange with combustion gases to cool the aluminum oxide and to preheat the combustion gases.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for operating a gas turbine installation combustion chamber with liquid fuel, by means of which the NOX are similar to those for gaseous fuels. The liquid fuel (38) is evaporated in two steps in an evaporative reactor (12). The liquid fuel (38) is first atomized to a fuel vapor/liquid fuel mixture (61) by direct heat exchange with a first heat exchange medium (21). The evaporation of the remaining residue of the liquid fuel (38) takes place by indirect heat exchange with a second heat exchange medium (51). An evaporative reactor (12) is arranged which accommodates, at its inlet end, a dual-fluid nozzle (22) connected both to a liquid fuel line (19) and to a supply line (20) for a first heat exchange medium (21).
摘要:
A method of recovering fluorine, e.g. as hydrogen fluoride, from wastes of aluminum electrolysis furnaces, chemisorbents, adsorbents or absorbents, etc. in which the fluorine-containing material is subjected to pyrohydrolysis in an expanded fluid bed and the HF-containing gas is subjected to condensation or scrubbing for the removal of the HF therefrom. According to the invention, the exhaust gases from the fluidized bed are cooled by direct contact with solids which can be circulated in a separate cycle and are themselves cooled in a cooler, e.g. by contact with gas which is to be fed to the expanded fluidized bed. The circulated solids thus allow recovery of the sensible heat of the gas without diluting it.