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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4824826A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-25
申请号：US95317
申请日：1987-09-10
CPC分类号： C30B29/225 , C30B9/00 , H01L39/2419
摘要： A method of growing large, up to 1 mm size single crystals of superconducting YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x, wherein x equals from 6.5 to 7.2.
摘要翻译： 生长大至1mm尺寸的超导YBa2Cu3Ox单晶的方法，其中x等于6.5至7.2。
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2.发明授权Active magnetic refrigerants based on Gd-Si-Ge material and refrigeration apparatus and process 失效基于Gd-Si-Ge材料的主动磁性制冷剂及制冷装置及工艺
公开(公告)号：US5743095A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-28
申请号：US753064
申请日：1996-11-19
CPC分类号： H01F1/015 , F25B21/00 , H01F1/0009 , F25B2321/0022 , Y02B30/66 , Y10S505/889 , Y10S505/891
摘要： Active magnetic regenerator and method using Gd.sub.5 (Si.sub.x Ge.sub.1-x).sub.4, where x is equal to or less than 0.5, as a magnetic refrigerant that exhibits a reversible ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic-II/ferromagnetic-I first order phase transition and extraordinary magneto-thermal properties, such as a giant magnetocaloric effect, that renders the refrigerant more efficient and useful than existing magnetic refrigerants for commercialization of magnetic regenerators. The reversible first order phase transition is tunable from approximately 30 K to approximately 290 K (near room temperature) and above by compositional adjustments. The active magnetic regenerator and method can function for refrigerating, air conditioning, and liquefying low temperature cryogens with significantly improved efficiency and operating temperature range from approximately 10 K to 300 K and above. Also an active magnetic regenerator and method using Gd.sub.5 (Si.sub.x Ge.sub.1-x).sub.4, where x is equal to or greater than 0.5, as a magnetic heater/refrigerant that exhibits a reversible ferromagnetic/paramagnetic second order phase transition with large magneto-thermal properties, such as a large magnetocaloric effect that permits the commercialization of a magnetic heat pump and/or refrigerant. This second order phase transition is tunable from approximately 280 K (near room temperature) to approximately 350 K by composition adjustments. The active magnetic regenerator and method can function for low level heating for climate control for buildings, homes and automobile, and chemical processing.
摘要翻译： 主动磁再生器和使用Gd5（SixGe1-x）4的方法，其中x等于或小于0.5，作为表现出可逆铁磁/反铁磁性或铁磁性II /铁磁体I一阶相变和非凡磁体的磁性制冷剂 - 诸如巨磁电效应的热特性，其使制冷剂比现有的用于磁性再生器商业化的磁性制冷剂更有效和有用。 可逆的一阶相变可以通过组合调整从大约30K到大约290K（接近室温）可调。 主动式蓄热器和方法可以在制冷，空调和液化低温制冷剂方面发挥作用，其效率和工作温度范围从大约10K到300K以上。 作为磁化加热器/制冷剂，使用Gd5（SixGe1-x）4，其中x等于或大于0.5的主动磁性再生器和方法也表现出具有大的磁热特性的可逆铁磁/顺磁二阶相变， 例如允许磁热泵和/或制冷剂商业化的大的磁热效应。 该二阶相变可通过组合调整从约280K（近室温）调节至约350K。 主动式蓄热器和方法可用于建筑物，家庭和汽车以及化学处理的低温加热用于气候控制。
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公开(公告)号：USH197H
公开(公告)日：1987-01-06
申请号：US836881
申请日：1986-03-06
CPC分类号： H01L35/16 , C01F17/0087
摘要： A new ternary rare earth sulfur compound having the formula:La.sub.3-x M.sub.x S.sub.4where M is a rare earth element selected from the group europium, samarium and ytterbium and x=0.15 to 0.8.The compound has good high-temperature thermoelectric properties and exhibits long-term structural stability up to 1000.degree. C.
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公开(公告)号：US06680663B1
公开(公告)日：2004-01-20
申请号：US09814640
申请日：2001-03-22
IPC分类号： H01F702
CPC分类号： G01R33/383 , F25B2321/002 , H01F7/0278
摘要： A permanent magnet structure for maximizing the flux density per weight of magnetic material comprising a hollow body flux source for generating a magnetic field in the central gap of the hollow body, the magnetic field having a flux density greater than the residual flux density of the hollow body flux source. The hollow body flux source has a generally elliptic-shape, defined by unequal major and minor axis. These elliptic-shaped permanent magnet structures exhibit a higher flux density at the center gap while minimizing the amount of magnetic material used. Inserts of soft magnetic material proximate the central gap, and a shell of soft magnetic material surrounding the hollow body can further increase the strength of the magnetic field in the central gap by reducing the magnetic flux leakage and focusing the flux density lines in the central gap.
摘要翻译： 一种永磁体结构，用于使每个重量的磁性材料的磁通密度最大化，包括用于在中空体的中心间隙中产生磁场的中空体磁通源，该磁场的磁通密度大于空心体的剩余通量密度 身体通量来源。 中空体通量源具有大致椭圆形，由不等长的主轴和短轴限定。 这些椭圆形永磁体结构在中心间隙处表现出较高的通量密度，同时最小化使用的磁性材料的量。 靠近中心间隙的软磁性材料的插入件和围绕中空体的软磁性材料的壳体可以通过减小磁通量泄漏并将中心间隙中的磁通密度线聚焦，来进一步增加中心间隙中的磁场强度 。
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公开(公告)号：US5887449A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-30
申请号：US881836
申请日：1997-06-25
CPC分类号： F25B21/00 , F25J1/001 , F25J1/0225 , H01F1/015 , F25B2321/002 , F25J2270/908 , Y02B30/66
摘要： A dual stage active magnetic regenerator refrigerator as well as method using the Joule-Brayton thermodynamic cycle includes a high temperature stage refrigerant comprising DyAl.sub.2 or (Dy.sub.1-x Er.sub.x)Al.sub.2 where x is selected to be greater than 0 and less than about 0.3 in combination with a low temperature stage comprising (Dy.sub.1-x Er.sub.x)Al.sub.2 where x is selected to be greater than about 0.5 and less than 1 to provide significantly improved refrigeration efficiency in the liquefaction of gaseous hydrogen.
摘要翻译： 双级主动式蓄冷器冷冻机以及使用焦耳 - 布莱顿热力循环的方法包括包含DyAl 2或（Dy 1-x Er x）Al 2的高温级制冷剂，其中x选择为大于0且小于约0.3， 包括（Dy1-xErx）Al2的低温阶段，其中x被选择为大于约0.5且小于1，以提供气态氢液化中显着提高的制冷效率。
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6.发明授权Method of making active magnetic refrigerant materials based on Gd-Si-Ge alloys 有权基于Gd-Si-Ge合金制备主动磁性制冷剂材料的方法公开(公告)号：US07114340B2
公开(公告)日：2006-10-03
申请号：US10413417
申请日：2003-04-14
CPC分类号： C22C28/00 , F25B21/00 , H01F1/0009 , H01F1/015 , Y02B30/66 , Y10S505/889 , Y10S505/89 , Y10S505/891
摘要： An alloy made of heat treated material represented by Gd5(SixGe1−x)4 where 0.47≦x≦0.56 that exhibits a magnetic entropy change (−ΔSm) of at least 16 J/kg K, a magnetostriction of at least 2000 parts per million, and a magnetoresistance of at least 5 percent at a temperature of about 300K and below, and method of heat treating the material between 800 to 1600 degrees C. for a time to this end.
摘要翻译： 由Gd 5（Si x Si 1-x S）4表示的热处理材料制成的合金，其中0.47 表现出至少16J / kgK的磁熵变（-DeltaSmΠ），至少2000ppm的磁致伸缩和至少5的磁阻的<= x <= 0.56 在约300K及以下的温度下的百分比，以及在800至1600摄氏度之间热处理该材料的方法一段时间。
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公开(公告)号：US06318090B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-20
申请号：US09395423
申请日：1999-09-14
IPC分类号： F25B900
CPC分类号： F25B9/14 , F25B2309/003
摘要： A cryocooler with a regenerator comprising one or more regenerator components, which are ductile and oxidation resistant, including a rare earth metal, an alloy of two or more rare earth metals, an alloy of a rare earth metal with a non-rare earth metal, and an alloy of a rare earth metal with at least one interstitial element.
摘要翻译： 一种具有再生器的低温冷却器，其包括一种或多种具有延展性和抗氧化性的再生器组分，包括稀土金属，两种或更多种稀土金属的合金，稀土金属与非稀土金属的合金， 以及稀土金属与至少一种间隙元素的合金。
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8.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5537826A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-23
申请号：US266090
申请日：1994-06-27
CPC分类号： F25B9/14 , H01F1/015 , F02G2242/42 , F25B2309/003
摘要： A two stage Gifford-McMahon cryocooler having a low temperature stage for reaching approximately 10K, wherein the low temperature stage includes a passive magnetic heat regenerator selected from the group consisting of Er.sub.6 Ni.sub.2 Sn, Er.sub.6 Ni.sub.2 Pb, Er.sub.6 Ni.sub.2 (Sn.sub.0.75 Ga.sub.0.25), and Er.sub.9 Ni.sub.3 Sn comprising a mixture of Er.sub.3 Ni and Er.sub.6 Ni.sub.2 Sn in the microstructure.
摘要翻译： 具有低温阶段达到约10K的两级吉福德 - 麦克马洪低温制冷机，其中低温级包括选自Er6Ni2Sn，Er6Ni2Pb，Er6Ni2（Sn0.75Ga0.25）和Er9Ni3Sn的无源磁热蓄热器，其包含 Er3Ni和Er6Ni2Sn在微结构中的混合物。
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9.发明授权Method for producing La/Ce/MM/Y base alloys, resulting alloys and battery electrodes 有权生产La / Ce / MM / Y基合金，合金和电池电极的方法公开(公告)号：US09525176B2
公开(公告)日：2016-12-20
申请号：US13694846
申请日：2013-01-10
CPC分类号： C22C1/06 , C22C1/00 , C22C28/00 , C22C30/00 , H01M4/242 , H01M4/383 , H01M4/385 , H01M4/58 , H01M4/662 , H01M10/30 , H01M10/345 , Y02E60/124 , Y02P70/54
摘要： A carbothermic reduction method is provided for reducing a La-, Ce-, MM-, and/or Y-containing oxide in the presence of carbon and a source of a reactant element comprising Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, and/or P to form an intermediate alloy material including a majority of La, Ce, MM, and/or Y and a minor amount of the reactant element. The intermediate material is useful as a master alloy for in making negative electrode materials for a metal hydride battery, as hydrogen storage alloys, as master alloy additive for addition to a melt of commercial Mg and Al alloys, steels, cast irons, and superalloys; or in reducing Sm2O3 to Sm metal for use in Sm—Co permanent magnets.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种碳热还原法，用于在碳的存在下还原含有La，Ce，MM和/或Y的氧化物，以及包含Si，Ge，Sn，Pb，As，Sb， Bi和/或P形成包含大部分La，Ce，MM和/或Y的中间合金材料和少量的反应物元素。 中间材料可用作制备用于金属氢化物电池的负极材料的母合金，作为储氢合金作为用于添加到商业Mg和Al合金，钢，铸铁和超级合金的熔体的母合金添加剂; 或将Sm2O3还原成Sm金属，用于Sm-Co永久磁铁。
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10.发明授权Method of making active magnetic refrigerant, colossal magnetostriction and giant magnetoresistive materials based on Gd-Si-Ge alloys 失效基于Gd-Si-Ge合金制备主动磁致冷剂，巨磁致伸缩和巨磁阻材料的方法公开(公告)号：US06589366B1
公开(公告)日：2003-07-08
申请号：US09793822
申请日：2001-02-23
IPC分类号： H01F1053
CPC分类号： C22C28/00 , F25B21/00 , H01F1/0009 , H01F1/015 , Y02B30/66
摘要： Method of making an active magnetic refrigerant represented by Gd5(SixGe1−x)4 alloy for 0≦x≦1.0 comprising placing amounts of the commercially pure Gd, Si, and Ge charge components in a crucible, heating the charge contents under subambient pressure to a melting temperature of the alloy for a time sufficient to homogenize the alloy and oxidize carbon with oxygen present in the Gd charge component to reduce carbon, rapidly solidifying the alloy in the crucible, and heat treating the solidified alloy at a temperature below the melting temperature for a time effective to homogenize a microstructure of the solidified material, and then cooling sufficiently fast to prevent the eutectoid decomposition and improve magnetocaloric and/or the magnetostrictive and/or the magnetoresistive properties thereof.
摘要翻译： 制备由Gd5（SixGe1-x）4合金表示的0 <= x <= 1.0的活性磁性制冷剂的方法，包括将商业纯的Gd，Si和Ge电荷组分的量放置在坩埚中，加热次级 压力达到合金的熔融时间足以使合金均匀化并且存在于Gd电荷组分中的氧氧化碳以减少碳，迅速凝固坩埚中的合金，并在低于该温度的温度下热处理该固化的合金 熔融温度有效均匀化固化材料的微观结构，然后充分快速冷却以防止共析分解并改善磁热和/或磁致伸缩和/或磁阻特性。
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