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    Active magnetic refrigerants based on Gd-Si-Ge material and refrigeration apparatus and process
    1.
    发明授权
    Active magnetic refrigerants based on Gd-Si-Ge material and refrigeration apparatus and process 失效
    基于Gd-Si-Ge材料的主动磁性制冷剂及制冷装置及工艺

    公开(公告)号：US5743095A

    公开(公告)日：1998-04-28

    申请号：US753064

    申请日：1996-11-19

    Applicant: Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr. ,  Vitalij K. Pecharsky

    Inventor： Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr. ,  Vitalij K. Pecharsky

    IPC: F25B21/00 ,  H01F1/01

    CPC classification number: H01F1/015 ,  F25B21/00 ,  H01F1/0009 ,  F25B2321/0022 ,  Y02B30/66 ,  Y10S505/889 ,  Y10S505/891

    Abstract: Active magnetic regenerator and method using Gd.sub.5 (Si.sub.x Ge.sub.1-x).sub.4, where x is equal to or less than 0.5, as a magnetic refrigerant that exhibits a reversible ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic-II/ferromagnetic-I first order phase transition and extraordinary magneto-thermal properties, such as a giant magnetocaloric effect, that renders the refrigerant more efficient and useful than existing magnetic refrigerants for commercialization of magnetic regenerators. The reversible first order phase transition is tunable from approximately 30 K to approximately 290 K (near room temperature) and above by compositional adjustments. The active magnetic regenerator and method can function for refrigerating, air conditioning, and liquefying low temperature cryogens with significantly improved efficiency and operating temperature range from approximately 10 K to 300 K and above. Also an active magnetic regenerator and method using Gd.sub.5 (Si.sub.x Ge.sub.1-x).sub.4, where x is equal to or greater than 0.5, as a magnetic heater/refrigerant that exhibits a reversible ferromagnetic/paramagnetic second order phase transition with large magneto-thermal properties, such as a large magnetocaloric effect that permits the commercialization of a magnetic heat pump and/or refrigerant. This second order phase transition is tunable from approximately 280 K (near room temperature) to approximately 350 K by composition adjustments. The active magnetic regenerator and method can function for low level heating for climate control for buildings, homes and automobile, and chemical processing.

    Abstract translation: 主动磁再生器和使用Gd5（SixGe1-x）4的方法，其中x等于或小于0.5，作为表现出可逆铁磁/反铁磁性或铁磁性II /铁磁体I一阶相变和非凡磁体的磁性制冷剂 - 诸如巨磁电效应的热特性，其使制冷剂比现有的用于磁性再生器商业化的磁性制冷剂更有效和有用。 可逆的一阶相变可以通过组合调整从大约30K到大约290K（接近室温）可调。 主动式蓄热器和方法可以在制冷，空调和液化低温制冷剂方面发挥作用，其效率和工作温度范围从大约10K到300K以上。 作为磁化加热器/制冷剂，使用Gd5（SixGe1-x）4，其中x等于或大于0.5的主动磁性再生器和方法也表现出具有大的磁热特性的可逆铁磁/顺磁二阶相变， 例如允许磁热泵和/或制冷剂商业化的大的磁热效应。 该二阶相变可通过组合调整从约280K（近室温）调节至约350K。 主动式蓄热器和方法可用于建筑物，家庭和汽车以及化学处理的低温加热用于气候控制。

    Method for producing permanent magnet materials and resulting materials
    4.
    发明申请
    Method for producing permanent magnet materials and resulting materials 审中-公开
    生产永磁材料及其所得材料的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20120282130A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-11-08

    申请号：US13506427

    申请日：2012-04-18

    Applicant: Karl A. Gschneidner, JR. ,  Frederick A. Schmidt ,  Ralph W. McCallum

    Inventor： Karl A. Gschneidner, JR. ,  Frederick A. Schmidt ,  Ralph W. McCallum

    IPC: H01F1/01 ,  B22F1/00 ,  C22C38/00 ,  B22F9/00

    CPC classification number: C22C28/00 ,  B22F9/20 ,  C22C2202/02 ,  H01F1/0577 ,  H01F1/0578 ,  H01F1/058

    Abstract: A carbothermic reduction method is provided for reducing a rare earth element-containing oxide including at least one of neodymium (Nd) and praseodymium (Pr) and possibly other rare earth elements (La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc, and Y) as alloying agents in the presence of carbon and a source of a reactant element including one or more of silicon, germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony and bismuth to form a rare earth element-containing intermediate alloy as a master alloy for making permanent magnet material. The process is a more efficient, lower cost and environmentally friendly technology than current methods of manufacturing rare earth metals. The intermediate material is useful as a master alloy for making a permanent magnet material comprising at least one of neodymium and praseodymium, and possibly other rare earth metals as alloying additives.

    Abstract translation: 提供碳热还原法，用于还原含有钕（Nd）和镨（Pr）和可能的其它稀土元素（La，Ce，Sm，Eu，Gd，Tb，Dy等）中的至少一种的含稀土元素的氧化物， Ho，Er，Tm，Yb，Lu，Sc和Y）作为合金剂，在碳和来自包含一种或多种硅，锗，锡，铅，砷，锑和铋的反应物元素的存在下形成 含稀土元素的中间合金作为制造永磁材料的母合金。 该工艺比现有的稀土金属制造方法更有效率，更低成本和环保的技术。 中间材料可用作制造包含钕和镨中的至少一种的永磁体材料的母合金，以及可能的其它稀土金属作为合金添加剂。

    Permanent magnet structure for generation of magnetic fields
    5.
    发明授权
    Permanent magnet structure for generation of magnetic fields 失效
    用于产生磁场的永磁体结构

    公开(公告)号：US06680663B1

    公开(公告)日：2004-01-20

    申请号：US09814640

    申请日：2001-03-22

    Applicant: Seong-Jae Lee ,  David Jiles ,  Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr. ,  Vitalij Pecharsky

    Inventor： Seong-Jae Lee ,  David Jiles ,  Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr. ,  Vitalij Pecharsky

    IPC: H01F702

    CPC classification number: G01R33/383 ,  F25B2321/002 ,  H01F7/0278

    Abstract: A permanent magnet structure for maximizing the flux density per weight of magnetic material comprising a hollow body flux source for generating a magnetic field in the central gap of the hollow body, the magnetic field having a flux density greater than the residual flux density of the hollow body flux source. The hollow body flux source has a generally elliptic-shape, defined by unequal major and minor axis. These elliptic-shaped permanent magnet structures exhibit a higher flux density at the center gap while minimizing the amount of magnetic material used. Inserts of soft magnetic material proximate the central gap, and a shell of soft magnetic material surrounding the hollow body can further increase the strength of the magnetic field in the central gap by reducing the magnetic flux leakage and focusing the flux density lines in the central gap.

    Abstract translation: 一种永磁体结构，用于使每个重量的磁性材料的磁通密度最大化，包括用于在中空体的中心间隙中产生磁场的中空体磁通源，该磁场的磁通密度大于空心体的剩余通量密度 身体通量来源。 中空体通量源具有大致椭圆形，由不等长的主轴和短轴限定。 这些椭圆形永磁体结构在中心间隙处表现出较高的通量密度，同时最小化使用的磁性材料的量。 靠近中心间隙的软磁性材料的插入件和围绕中空体的软磁性材料的壳体可以通过减小磁通量泄漏并将中心间隙中的磁通密度线聚焦，来进一步增加中心间隙中的磁场强度 。

    Dual stage active magnetic regenerator and method
    6.
    发明授权
    Dual stage active magnetic regenerator and method 失效
    双级主动式蓄热器及方法

    公开(公告)号：US5887449A

    公开(公告)日：1999-03-30

    申请号：US881836

    申请日：1997-06-25

    Applicant: Vitalij K. Pecharsky ,  Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr.

    Inventor： Vitalij K. Pecharsky ,  Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr.

    IPC: F25B21/00 ,  H01F1/01

    CPC classification number: F25B21/00 ,  F25J1/001 ,  F25J1/0225 ,  H01F1/015 ,  F25B2321/002 ,  F25J2270/908 ,  Y02B30/66

    Abstract: A dual stage active magnetic regenerator refrigerator as well as method using the Joule-Brayton thermodynamic cycle includes a high temperature stage refrigerant comprising DyAl.sub.2 or (Dy.sub.1-x Er.sub.x)Al.sub.2 where x is selected to be greater than 0 and less than about 0.3 in combination with a low temperature stage comprising (Dy.sub.1-x Er.sub.x)Al.sub.2 where x is selected to be greater than about 0.5 and less than 1 to provide significantly improved refrigeration efficiency in the liquefaction of gaseous hydrogen.

    Abstract translation: 双级主动式蓄冷器冷冻机以及使用焦耳 - 布莱顿热力循环的方法包括包含DyAl 2或（Dy 1-x Er x）Al 2的高温级制冷剂，其中x选择为大于0且小于约0.3， 包括（Dy1-xErx）Al2的低温阶段，其中x被选择为大于约0.5且小于1，以提供气态氢液化中显着提高的制冷效率。

    Erbium-based magnetic refrigerant (regenerator) for passive cryocooler
    9.
    发明授权
    Erbium-based magnetic refrigerant (regenerator) for passive cryocooler 失效
    用于被动式低温冷却器的铒基磁性制冷剂（再生器）

    公开(公告)号：US5537826A

    公开(公告)日：1996-07-23

    申请号：US266090

    申请日：1994-06-27

    Applicant: Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr. ,  Vitalij K. Pecharsky

    Inventor： Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr. ,  Vitalij K. Pecharsky

    IPC: F25B9/14 ,  H01F1/01 ,  F25B9/00

    CPC classification number: F25B9/14 ,  H01F1/015 ,  F02G2242/42 ,  F25B2309/003

    Abstract: A two stage Gifford-McMahon cryocooler having a low temperature stage for reaching approximately 10K, wherein the low temperature stage includes a passive magnetic heat regenerator selected from the group consisting of Er.sub.6 Ni.sub.2 Sn, Er.sub.6 Ni.sub.2 Pb, Er.sub.6 Ni.sub.2 (Sn.sub.0.75 Ga.sub.0.25), and Er.sub.9 Ni.sub.3 Sn comprising a mixture of Er.sub.3 Ni and Er.sub.6 Ni.sub.2 Sn in the microstructure.

    Abstract translation: 具有低温阶段达到约10K的两级吉福德 - 麦克马洪低温制冷机，其中低温级包括选自Er6Ni2Sn，Er6Ni2Pb，Er6Ni2（Sn0.75Ga0.25）和Er9Ni3Sn的无源磁热蓄热器，其包含 Er3Ni和Er6Ni2Sn在微结构中的混合物。

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