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    Dual-axis confocal microscope having improved performance for thick samples
    1.
    发明申请
    Dual-axis confocal microscope having improved performance for thick samples 失效
    双轴共焦显微镜具有改进的厚样品性能

    公开(公告)号：US20050264877A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-12-01

    申请号：US10856511

    申请日：2004-05-27

    申请人： Michael Mandella ,  Gordon Kino ,  Ning Chan

    发明人： Michael Mandella ,  Gordon Kino ,  Ning Chan

    IPC分类号： G02B21/00 ,  G02B21/06

    CPC分类号： G02B21/0048

    摘要： An optical head for confocal microscopy that is especially advantageous for measurements on thick samples is provided. An interface between the optical head and the sample is index matched, to avoid beam aberration at this interface. The optical head includes a window having a convex surface facing away from the sample, so that light beams crossing this convex surface do so at or near normal incidence and are therefore not significantly aberrated. The window is rotationally symmetric about an axis perpendicular to the interface between the head and the sample. The head also includes at least two optical fibers, which can be used for input and/or output. Beams passing to and/or from the fibers are collimated by collimators. A single focusing element couples all the collimated beams to focused beams which pass through the window to intersect within a target region of the sample as confocal beams.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于共焦显微镜的光学头，其特别有利于在厚样品上进行测量。 光头和样品之间的接口是折射率匹配的，以避免在该界面处的光束像差。 光学头包括具有背离样品的凸表面的窗口，使得与该凸表面交叉的光束在正常入射处或接近正态入射，因此不会显着地畸变。 窗口关于垂直于头部和样品之间的界面的轴旋转对称。 该头还包括至少两根可用于输入和/或输出的光纤。 通过光纤和/或光纤的光束被准直器准直。 单个聚焦元件将所有准直光束耦合到通过窗口的聚焦光束，以在样品的目标区域内与​​共聚焦束相交。

    Determination of an orientation parameter of an elongate object with a scan beam apparatus
    2.
    发明申请
    Determination of an orientation parameter of an elongate object with a scan beam apparatus 失效
    用扫描光束装置确定细长物体的取向参数

    公开(公告)号：US20050280804A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-12-22

    申请号：US10871496

    申请日：2004-06-18

    申请人： Dale Buermann ,  Michael Mandella

    发明人： Dale Buermann ,  Michael Mandella

    IPC分类号： G01B11/26 ,  G01C1/00 ,  G01S5/16 ,  G01S17/48 ,  H04N7/18 ,  H04N9/47

    CPC分类号： G01S5/163 ,  G01B11/26 ,  G01S17/48

    摘要： An elongate object optically determines at least one of its orientation parameters relative to a plane surface. A probe radiation beam is directed from the object at various angles σ to various locations on the plane, where the angle σ is a periodic function of time. Two angularly-selective radiation detectors oriented at fixed angles τ1 and τ2 sense scattered portions of the beam from two locations a two corresponding times. The orientation parameter is computed from a time difference Δt=t2−t1 between the two times.

    摘要翻译： 细长物体相对于平面表面光学地确定其取向参数中的至少一个。 探针辐射束以不同的角度从物体引导到平面上的各种位置，其中角度σ是时间的周期函数。 以固定角度τ1和τ2定向的两个角度选择性辐射探测器从两个位置感测来自两个对应时间的波束的散射部分。 方向参数是从两次之间的时间差Deltat = t 2 -t 1 1 <1>计算的。

    Confocal optical scanning system employing a fiber laser
    3.
    发明授权
    Confocal optical scanning system employing a fiber laser 失效
    共焦光学扫描系统采用光纤激光器

    公开(公告)号：US5887009A

    公开(公告)日：1999-03-23

    申请号：US861590

    申请日：1997-05-22

    申请人： Michael Mandella ,  Mark H. Garrett

    发明人： Michael Mandella ,  Mark H. Garrett

    IPC分类号： G02B21/00 ,  H01S3/30

    CPC分类号： B82Y15/00 ,  G02B21/0056 ,  G02B21/0068

    摘要： A confocal optical scanning system using a flexible optical emissive fiber or fiber laser and having a lasing cavity defined within the fiber. The system in-couples a signal beam produced when a probe beam generated by the fiber laser is reflected from a scanned object back into the lasing cavity. The perturbation created in the cavity by the in-coupling of the signal beam is detected by a transducer. Specifically, the perturbation may be the signal beam itself, an oscillation mode of the cavity induced by the in-coupled signal beam or a combination of the signal beam and the probe beam. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the system also has a polarizing assembly for altering a signal polarization of the signal beam and rotate it to either a resonant polarization supported by the cavity or a non-resonant polarization not supported by the cavity.

    摘要翻译： 一种使用柔性光发射光纤或光纤激光器并具有限定在光纤内的激光腔的共焦光学扫描系统。 当由光纤激光器产生的探测光束从被扫描物体反射回到激光腔时，该系统将产生的信号光束进行耦合。 通过传感器检测信号束的入耦合在空腔中产生的扰动。 具体地，扰动可以是信号光束本身，由耦合信号光束引起的空腔的振荡模式或信号光束和探测光束的组合。 在本发明的优选实施例中，系统还具有用于改变信号光束的信号极化并将其旋转到由腔支持的谐振极化或不由腔支持的非共振极化的偏振组件。

    Solid catadioptric lens with two viewpoints
    4.
    发明申请
    Solid catadioptric lens with two viewpoints 有权
    具有两个视点的实心反射折射透镜

    公开(公告)号：US20060132907A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-06-22

    申请号：US11336735

    申请日：2006-01-19

    申请人： Michael Mandella

    发明人： Michael Mandella

    IPC分类号： G02B23/00

    CPC分类号： G02B3/00 ,  G02B13/16 ,  G02B17/0808 ,  G02B17/086 ,  G02B17/0896

    摘要： A dual viewpoint solid catadioptric lens has a first spherical refractive surface S1 having a center C1 located on an optical axis of the lens and having a radius r1, and a second spherical refractive surface S2 having a center C2 located on the optical axis of the lens and having a radius r2

    摘要翻译： 双重视点固体反折射透镜具有第一球面折射表面S 1，其中心C 1位于透镜的光轴上并具有半径r 1，第二球面折射表面S 2具有位于该透镜的光轴上的中心C 2 透镜的光轴并具有半径r 2

    Apparatus and method for determining orientation parameters of an elongate object
    5.
    发明申请
    Apparatus and method for determining orientation parameters of an elongate object 有权
    用于确定细长物体的取向参数的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20050195387A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-09-08

    申请号：US10796236

    申请日：2004-03-08

    申请人： Guanghua Zhang ,  Dale Buermann ,  Michael Mandella ,  Hector Gonzalez-Banos ,  Stewart Carl

    发明人： Guanghua Zhang ,  Dale Buermann ,  Michael Mandella ,  Hector Gonzalez-Banos ,  Stewart Carl

    IPC分类号： G01B11/26 ,  G01C1/00

    CPC分类号： G01B11/002 ,  G01B11/272 ,  G01S17/46 ,  G06F3/0304 ,  G06F3/03545

    摘要： An apparatus and method employing principles of stereo vision for determining one or more orientation parameters and especially the second and third Euler angles θ, ψ of an elongate object whose tip is contacting a surface at a contact point. The apparatus has a projector mounted on the elongate object for illuminating the surface with a probe radiation in a known pattern from a first point of view and a detector mounted on the elongate object for detecting a scattered portion of the probe radiation returning from the surface to the elongate object from a second point of view. The orientation parameters are determined from a difference between the projected and detected probe radiation such as the difference between the shape of the feature produced by the projected probe radiation and the shape of the feature detected by the detector. The pattern of probe radiation is chosen to provide information for determination of the one or more orientation parameters and can include asymmetric patterns such as lines, ellipses, rectangles, polygons or the symmetric cases including circles, squares and regular polygons. To produce the patterns the projector can use a scanning arrangement or a structured light optic such as a holographic, diffractive, refractive or reflective element and any combinations thereof. The apparatus is suitable for determining the orientation of a jotting implement such as a pen, pencil or stylus.

    摘要翻译： 一种采用立体视觉原理的装置和方法，用于确定一个或多个取向参数，特别是尖端在接触点处接触表面的细长物体的第二和第三欧拉角θ，psi。 该装置具有安装在细长物体上的投影仪，用于从第一角度以已知图案的探测辐射照射表面，以及安装在细长物体上的检测器，用于检测从表面返回的探针辐射的散射部分 细长物体从第二个角度来看。 取向参数根据投射和检测的探针辐射之间的差异确定，例如由投射的探针辐射产生的特征的形状与由检测器检测到的特征的形状之间的差异。 选择探针辐射的图案以提供用于确定一个或多个取向参数的信息，并且可以包括不对称图案，例如线，椭圆，矩形，多边形或包括圆形，正方形和正多边形的对称情况。 为了产生图案，投影仪可以使用扫描装置或诸如全息衍射，折射或反射元件的结构化光学元件及其任何组合。 该装置适用于确定诸如笔，铅笔或触笔之类的记录工具的取向。

    Apparatus for translating rotational motion to harmonic linear motion
    6.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for translating rotational motion to harmonic linear motion 失效
    用于将旋转运动转换为谐波线性运动的装置

    公开(公告)号：US5211065A

    公开(公告)日：1993-05-18

    申请号：US762498

    申请日：1991-09-19

    申请人： Michael Mandella

    发明人： Michael Mandella

    IPC分类号： F02B75/02 ,  F02B75/32 ,  F16H21/32

    CPC分类号： F02B75/32 ,  F16H21/32 ,  F02B2075/027 ,  Y10T74/18168 ,  Y10T74/18208 ,  Y10T74/18264

    摘要： An improved connecting rod assembly for a reciprocating internal combustion engine provides essentially simple harmonic linear motion of a piston, thereby eliminating forces and moments caused by non-simple harmonic linear motion of a piston. The connecting rod assembly of the present invention maintains a uniform distance between a crank pin and a piston. Essentially simple harmonic piston motion also increases engine efficiency by reducing the amount of negative work which results from detonation before top dead center. The connecting rod assembly may include a first member rotatably connected to a crankshaft and having two connection points each spaced a distance A/2 from the crankshaft connection, and second and third members having a length C, arranged in a crossing relationship, and connecting respective ones of the connection points of the first member to respective ones of two connection points on a piston, the piston connection points being spaced apart by a distance B. In one embodiment, the ratios A:B:C are 2:4:5.

    摘要翻译： 用于往复式内燃机的改进的连杆组件提供活塞的基本上简单的谐波直线运动，从而消除由活塞的非简单谐波直线运动引起的力和力矩。 本发明的连杆组件保持曲柄销和活塞之间的均匀距离。 基本上简单的谐波活塞运动也可以通过减少在上止点之前引爆的负作用量来提高发动机效率。 连杆组件可以包括可旋转地连接到曲轴的第一构件，并且具有两个与曲轴连接件间隔开A / 2的连接点，以及具有以交叉关系布置的长度C的第二和第三构件， 第一构件的连接点与活塞上的两个连接点中的相应连接点的一个连接点，活塞连接点间隔开距离B.在一个实施例中，比率A：B：C为2:4:5。

    Processing pose data derived from the pose of an elongate object
    8.
    发明申请
    Processing pose data derived from the pose of an elongate object 有权
    处理从细长物体的姿态得出的姿势数据

    公开(公告)号：US20050168437A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-08-04

    申请号：US10769484

    申请日：2004-01-30

    申请人： Stewart Carl ,  Michael Mandella ,  Guanghua Zhang ,  Hector Gonzalez-Banos

    发明人： Stewart Carl ,  Michael Mandella ,  Guanghua Zhang ,  Hector Gonzalez-Banos

    IPC分类号： G06F3/01 ,  G09G5/00

    CPC分类号： G06F3/011 ,  G06F3/03545

    摘要： An apparatus and method for processing pose data derived from a pose of an elongate object such as, for example, a jotting implement, a pointer, a robotic arm or a cane. The elongate object has a tip contacting a plane surface with one or more invariant features. The pose of the elongate object is measured optically from on-board by an optical measuring system with the aid of the invariant feature. The pose is used for preparing a corresponding pose data and a subset of the pose data is identified and transmitted to an application such as a user application, where the subset can serve as command data or input data. Since the elongate object moves while its tip is contacting the surface the pose is measured periodically at sufficiently frequent measurement times ti to describe the motion at a desired temporal resolution. The subset can include all or a portion of the orientation data that describe the orientation of the elongate object in space and/or position data of the tip on the surface. The position can be a relative position of the tip with respect to any feature or its previous position, or an absolute position in world coordinates. The subset can also contain a mix of orientation and position data.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于处理从诸如记录工具，指针，机器人手臂或手杖的细长物体的姿势导出的姿势数据的装置和方法。 细长物体具有使平面与一个或多个不变特征接触的尖端。 借助于不变特征，通过光学测量系统从板上光学地测量细长物体的姿态。 该姿势用于准备对应的姿势数据，并且识别姿势数据的子集并将其发送到诸如用户应用的应用，其中该子集可以用作命令数据或输入数据。 由于细长物体在其尖端接触表面时移动，所以以足够频繁的测量时间t i周期性地测量姿态以便以期望的时间分辨率描述运动。 子集可以包括描述细长物体在空间中的取向的定向数据的全部或一部分和/或表面上的尖端的位置数据。 该位置可以是尖端相对于任何特征或其先前位置或世界坐标中的绝对位置的相对位置。 子集还可以包含方向和位置数据的混合。

    Ellipsoidal solid immersion lens
    9.
    发明授权
    Ellipsoidal solid immersion lens 失效
    椭圆形固体浸没镜头

    公开(公告)号：US06181478B2

    公开(公告)日：2001-01-30

    申请号：US09354841

    申请日：1999-07-16

    申请人： Michael Mandella

    发明人： Michael Mandella

    IPC分类号： G02B300

    CPC分类号： G01Q60/22 ,  G02B21/02 ,  G11B7/1374 ,  G11B7/1387

    摘要： A solid immersion lens (SIL) of refractive index n having an ellipsoidal surface portion defining a geometrical ellipsoid with geometrical foci F1, F2 along a major axis of length M. The ellipsoidal SIL (or ESIL) has an interface surface which is preferably flat and passes near or through the second geometrical focus F2. The geometrical foci F1, F2 are separated by a distance S=M/n, such that a collimated light beam propagating along the major axis M and entering the ESIL through the ellipsoidal surface portion converges to a focus substantially at the second geometrical focus F2. The ESIL finds application in optical systems such as microscopes and optical recording systems.

    摘要翻译： 具有椭圆表面部分的固体浸没透镜（SIL），其具有限定几何椭圆体，沿着长度M的长轴具有几何焦点F1，F2。椭圆形SIL（或ESIL）具有界面表面，其优选是平坦的， 通过第二几何焦点F2附近或通过。 几何焦点F1，F2分开距离S = M / n，使得沿着长轴M传播并通过椭圆面表面部分进入ESIL的准直光束基本上收敛到基本上在第二几何焦点F2处的焦点。 ESIL在诸如显微镜和光学记录系统的光学系统中应用。