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    Managing network data transfers in a virtual computer system
    4.
    发明授权
    Managing network data transfers in a virtual computer system 有权
    管理虚拟计算机系统中的网络数据传输

    公开(公告)号：US07934020B1

    公开(公告)日：2011-04-26

    申请号：US10665808

    申请日：2003-09-19

    申请人： Hao Xu ,  Daniel J. Scales

    发明人： Hao Xu ,  Daniel J. Scales

    IPC分类号： G06F15/16

    CPC分类号： H04L63/1408 ,  G06F9/45558 ,  G06F9/485 ,  G06F21/554 ,  G06F2009/45587 ,  G06F2009/45595 ,  H04L63/1458

    摘要： A virtual computer system, including one or more virtual machines (VMs), is connected to a computer network by multiple network interface cards (NICs). The VMs are supported by a kernel, which includes a resource manager for allocating system resources among the VMs, including network data bandwidth. A NIC manager is loaded into the kernel as a driver or is integrated into the kernel, for selecting NICs over which outgoing network data is transferred, including providing functions such as failovers and failbacks, as well as load distribution. Implementing the NIC manager in the kernel provides NIC teaming functions to each of the VMs without having to implement a NIC teaming solution in each of the VMs, adding to the simplicity, flexibility and portability of the VMs. In addition, integrating the NIC manager into the kernel improves the kernel's ability to manage the VMs and to implement network resource allocations for the VMs.

    摘要翻译： 包括一个或多个虚拟机（VM）的虚拟计算机系统通过多个网络接口卡（NIC）连接到计算机网络。 VM由内核支持，内核包括用于在VM之间分配系统资源的资源管理器，包括网络数据带宽。 NIC管理器作为驱动程序加载到内核中，或者集成到内核中，用于选择传输网络数据的NIC，包括提供故障转移和故障回复等功能以及负载分配。 在内核中实现NIC管理器可以为每个虚拟机提供NIC分组功能，而无需在每个虚拟机中实现NIC分组解决方案，增加了虚拟机的简单性，灵活性和可移植性。 此外，将NIC管理器集成到内核中可以提高内核管理虚拟机的能力，并为虚拟机实现网络资源分配。

    Managing network data transfers in a virtual computer system
    5.
    发明授权
    Managing network data transfers in a virtual computer system 有权
    管理虚拟计算机系统中的网络数据传输

    公开(公告)号：US08266275B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-09-11

    申请号：US12468011

    申请日：2009-05-18

    申请人： Hao Xu ,  Daniel J. Scales

    发明人： Hao Xu ,  Daniel J. Scales

    IPC分类号： G06F15/173

    CPC分类号： H04L63/1408 ,  G06F9/45558 ,  G06F9/485 ,  G06F21/554 ,  G06F2009/45587 ,  G06F2009/45595 ,  H04L63/1458

    摘要： A method for protecting a virtual computer system which may be susceptible to adverse effects from a Denial of Service attack is described. The virtual computer system includes a plurality of VMs. In the method, data that is transferred between the virtual computer system and the computer network is monitored for an indication of a possible Denial of Service attack. If an indication of a possible Denial of Service attack is detected, one or more of the VMs is suspended, to reduce the risk of adverse effects on one or more other VMs.

    摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于保护可能容易遭受拒绝服务攻击的不利影响的虚拟计算机系统的方法。 虚拟计算机系统包括多个虚拟机。 在该方法中，监视在虚拟计算机系统和计算机网络之间传送的数据，以示出可能的拒绝服务攻击的指示。 如果检测到可能的拒绝服务攻击的指示，则一个或多个VM被暂停，以减少对一个或多个其他VM的不利影响的风险。

    Method and system for frequent checkpointing
    6.
    发明授权
    Method and system for frequent checkpointing 有权

    公开(公告)号：US08549241B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-10-01

    申请号：US12683288

    申请日：2010-01-06

    申请人： Daniel J. Scales ,  Pratap Subrahmanyam ,  Ganesh Venkitachalam ,  Michael Nelson

    发明人： Daniel J. Scales ,  Pratap Subrahmanyam ,  Ganesh Venkitachalam ,  Michael Nelson

    IPC分类号： G06F12/16

    CPC分类号： G06F11/2023 ,  G06F11/1438 ,  G06F11/1484 ,  G06F11/2097 ,  G06F2201/84

    摘要： A virtualization platform provides fault tolerance for a primary virtual machine by continuously transmitting checkpoint information of the primary virtual machine to a collector process, such as a backup virtual machine. When implemented on a hardware platform comprising a multi-processor that supports nested page tables, the virtualization platform leverages the nested page table support to quickly identify memory pages that have been modified between checkpoints. The backup virtual machine provides feedback information to assist the virtualization platform in identifying candidate memory pages for transmitting actual modifications to the memory pages rather than the entire memory page as part of the checkpoint information. The virtualization platform further maintains a modification history data structure to identify memory pages that can be transmitted simultaneous with the execution of the primary virtual machine rather than while the primary virtual machine has been stunned.

    Using virtual machine cloning to create a backup virtual machine in a fault tolerant system
    7.
    发明授权
    Using virtual machine cloning to create a backup virtual machine in a fault tolerant system 有权
    使用虚拟机克隆在容错系统中创建备份虚拟机

    公开(公告)号：US08407518B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-03-26

    申请号：US12258185

    申请日：2008-10-24

    申请人： Michael Nelson ,  Daniel J. Scales ,  Andrew Tucker

    发明人： Michael Nelson ,  Daniel J. Scales ,  Andrew Tucker

    IPC分类号： G06F11/00

    CPC分类号： G06F17/30575 ,  G06F9/45533 ,  G06F11/1484 ,  G06F11/203 ,  G06F11/2046 ,  G06F11/2097 ,  G06F2201/815

    摘要： Techniques for creating a fault tolerant system in a virtual machine environment utilize a primary VM and a backup VM. To initialize the fault tolerant system, the backup VM and primary VM start from the same state. To achieve this in one embodiment, the primary VM is suspended and the state of the primary VM is copied to the backup VM. Once the backup VM has received all the primary VM's state, the primary VM is resumed. Subsequent state changes of the primary VM are buffered until the backup VM resumes, connects to the primary VM, and starts consuming the buffered content. Thereafter, synchronization is maintained by the primary VM's writing relevant state changes to a log and the backup VM's reading such relevant state changes from the log.

    摘要翻译： 在虚拟机环境中创建容错系统的技术使用主虚拟机和备份虚拟机。 要初始化容错系统，备份虚拟机和主虚拟机从相同的状态开始。 为了在一个实施例中实现这一点，主VM被暂停并且主VM的状态被复制到备份VM。 一旦备份虚拟机已经接收到所有主虚拟机的状态，则主VM将被恢复。 主虚拟机的后续状态更改将被缓存，直到备份虚拟机恢复，连接到主虚拟机，并开始消耗缓冲的内容。 此后，主虚拟机将相关状态更改写入日志并维护备份虚拟机的读取，从日志中读取相关状态。

    Generating and using checkpoints in a virtual computer system
    8.
    发明授权
    Generating and using checkpoints in a virtual computer system 有权
    在虚拟计算机系统中生成和使用检查点

    公开(公告)号：US07971015B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-06-28

    申请号：US12435235

    申请日：2009-05-04

    申请人： Carl A. Waldspurger ,  Michael Nelson ,  Daniel J. Scales ,  Pratap Subrahmanyam

    发明人： Carl A. Waldspurger ,  Michael Nelson ,  Daniel J. Scales ,  Pratap Subrahmanyam

    IPC分类号： G06F12/16

    CPC分类号： G06F11/1407 ,  G06F11/1435 ,  G06F11/1438 ,  G06F11/1458 ,  G06F11/1471 ,  G06F11/1482 ,  G06F11/1484 ,  G06F12/16 ,  G06F2201/815 ,  G06F2201/84

    摘要： To generate a checkpoint for a virtual machine (VM), first, while the VM is still running, a copy-on-write (COW) disk file is created pointing to a parent disk file that the VM is using. Next, the VM is stopped, the VM' s memory is marked COW, the device state of the VM is saved to memory, the VM is switched to use the COW disk file, and the VM begins running again for substantially the remainder of the checkpoint generation. Next, the device state that was stored in memory and the unmodified VM memory pages are saved to a checkpoint file. Also, a copy may be made of the parent disk file for retention as part of the checkpoint, or the original parent disk file may be retained as part of the checkpoint. If a copy of the parent disk file was made, then the COW disk file may be committed to the original parent disk file.

    摘要翻译： 要为虚拟机（VM）生成检查点，首先，当VM仍在运行时，会创建指向VM所使用的父磁盘文件的写时复制（COW）磁盘文件。 接下来，VM停止，VM的内存被标记为COW，VM的设备状态被保存到内存，VM被切换为使用COW磁盘文件，并且VM再次开始运行，基本上剩余的 检查点生成。 接下来，将存储在存储器中的设备状态和未修改的VM内存页保存到检查点文件。 另外，作为检查点的一部分，可以将父磁盘文件作为副本作为保留，也可以将原始的父磁盘文件作为检查点的一部分进行保留。 如果生成了父磁盘文件的副本，则COW磁盘文件可能会提交到原始的父磁盘文件。

    Generating and using checkpoints in a virtual computer system
    9.
    发明授权
    Generating and using checkpoints in a virtual computer system 有权
    在虚拟计算机系统中生成和使用检查点

    公开(公告)号：US07529897B1

    公开(公告)日：2009-05-05

    申请号：US10750919

    申请日：2003-12-31

    申请人： Carl A. Waldspurger ,  Michael Nelson ,  Daniel J. Scales ,  Pratap Subrahmanyam

    发明人： Carl A. Waldspurger ,  Michael Nelson ,  Daniel J. Scales ,  Pratap Subrahmanyam

    IPC分类号： G06F12/16

    CPC分类号： G06F11/1407 ,  G06F11/1435 ,  G06F11/1438 ,  G06F11/1458 ,  G06F11/1471 ,  G06F11/1482 ,  G06F11/1484 ,  G06F12/16 ,  G06F2201/815 ,  G06F2201/84

    摘要： To generate a checkpoint for a virtual machine (VM), first, while the VM is still running, a copy-on-write (COW) disk file is created pointing to a parent disk file that the VM is using. Next, the VM is stopped, the VM's memory is marked COW, the device state of the VM is saved to memory, the VM is switched to use the COW disk file, and the VM begins running again for substantially the remainder of the checkpoint generation. Next, the device state that was stored in memory and the unmodified VM memory pages are saved to a checkpoint file. Also, a copy may be made of the parent disk file for retention as part of the checkpoint, or the original parent disk file may be retained as part of the checkpoint. If a copy of the parent disk file was made, then the COW disk file may be committed to the original parent disk file.

    摘要翻译： 要为虚拟机（VM）生成检查点，首先，当VM仍在运行时，会创建指向VM所使用的父磁盘文件的写时复制（COW）磁盘文件。 接下来，VM停止，VM的内存被标记为COW，VM的设备状态被保存到内存，VM被切换到使用COW磁盘文件，并且VM再次开始运行，大部分剩下的检查点生成 。 接下来，将存储在存储器中的设备状态和未修改的VM内存页保存到检查点文件。 另外，作为检查点的一部分，可以将父磁盘文件作为副本作为保留，也可以将原始的父磁盘文件作为检查点的一部分进行保留。 如果生成了父磁盘文件的副本，则COW磁盘文件可能会提交到原始的父磁盘文件。

    Generating and using checkpoints in a virtual computer system
    10.
    发明授权
    Generating and using checkpoints in a virtual computer system 有权
    在虚拟计算机系统中生成和使用检查点

    公开(公告)号：US08713273B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-04-29

    申请号：US13608126

    申请日：2012-09-10

    申请人： Carl A. Waldspurger ,  Michael Nelson ,  Daniel J. Scales ,  Pratap Subrahmanyam

    发明人： Carl A. Waldspurger ,  Michael Nelson ,  Daniel J. Scales ,  Pratap Subrahmanyam

    IPC分类号： G06F12/14

    CPC分类号： G06F11/1407 ,  G06F11/1435 ,  G06F11/1438 ,  G06F11/1458 ,  G06F11/1471 ,  G06F11/1482 ,  G06F11/1484 ,  G06F12/16 ,  G06F2201/815 ,  G06F2201/84

    摘要： To generate a checkpoint for a virtual machine (VM), first, while the VM is still running, a copy-on-write (COW) disk file is created pointing to a parent disk file that the VM is using. Next, the VM is stopped, the VM's memory is marked COW, the device state of the VM is saved to memory, the VM is switched to use the COW disk file, and the VM begins running again for substantially the remainder of the checkpoint generation. Next, the device state that was stored in memory and the unmodified VM memory pages are saved to a checkpoint file. Also, a copy may be made of the parent disk file for retention as part of the checkpoint, or the original parent disk file may be retained as part of the checkpoint. If a copy of the parent disk file was made, then the COW disk file may be committed to the original parent disk file.

    摘要翻译： 要为虚拟机（VM）生成检查点，首先，当VM仍在运行时，会创建指向VM所使用的父磁盘文件的写时复制（COW）磁盘文件。 接下来，VM停止，VM的内存被标记为COW，VM的设备状态被保存到内存，VM被切换为使用COW磁盘文件，并且VM再次开始运行，大部分剩下的检查点生成 。 接下来，将存储在存储器中的设备状态和未修改的VM内存页保存到检查点文件。 另外，作为检查点的一部分，可以将父磁盘文件作为副本作为保留，也可以将原始的父磁盘文件作为检查点的一部分进行保留。 如果生成了父磁盘文件的副本，则COW磁盘文件可能会提交到原始的父磁盘文件。