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1.发明授权Method and apparatus for enhancing resolution and sensitivity in color flow ultrasound imaging using multiple transmit focal zones 失效用于增强使用多个透射聚焦区域的彩色流超声成像中的分辨率和灵敏度的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5908391A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-01
申请号：US852700
申请日：1997-05-07
申请人： David John Muzilla , Anne Lindsay Hall , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael J. Washburn , David D. Becker , Doralie Martinez , Xiao-Liang Xu
发明人： David John Muzilla , Anne Lindsay Hall , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael J. Washburn , David D. Becker , Doralie Martinez , Xiao-Liang Xu
CPC分类号： G01N29/348 , A61B8/488 , G01N29/0609 , G01N29/341 , G01S7/52085 , G01N2291/02483 , G01N2291/02836
摘要： A method and an apparatus for increasing the spatial resolution and sensitivity of a color flow image while maintaining a desired acoustic frame rate. The ultrasound energy is concentrated at a more narrowly defined focal region, which allows for increased flow sensitivity and vessel filling. Better flow uniformity across the color region of interest is also achieved. The method uses multiple transmit focal zones, and transmit and receive apertures having low f-numbers. Using multiple focal zones with low f-numbers allows for tight focusing over a larger depth-of-field. Unique waveforms and unique gain curves are used for each focal zone. Each focal zone is fired on a separate acoustic frame. An adaptive frame averaging algorithm is used to blend together the in-focus data from each of these acoustic frames before the data is displayed.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在保持所需声学帧速率的同时增加彩色图像的空间分辨率和灵敏度的方法和装置。 超声能量集中在更狭窄的聚焦区域，这允许增加流动灵敏度和血管填充。 还实现了在感兴趣的颜色区域上更好的流动均匀性。 该方法使用多个发射聚焦区，并且发射和接收具有低f数的孔。 使用具有低f数的多焦点区域可以在较大的景深范围内进行紧密聚焦。 每个聚焦区域都使用独特的波形和独特的增益曲线。 每个焦点区域在单独的声学框架上被点燃。 在显示数据之前，使用自适应帧平均算法将来自这些声音帧中的每一个的对焦数据混合在一起。
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2.发明授权Method and apparatus for ultrasound imaging using normalized difference between successive frames 失效使用连续帧之间的归一化差异的超声成像的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5865752A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-02
申请号：US858205
申请日：1997-05-07
申请人： Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , David John Muzilla , David D. Becker , Doralie Martinez , Xiao-Liang Xu
发明人： Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , David John Muzilla , David D. Becker , Doralie Martinez , Xiao-Liang Xu
CPC分类号： G01S7/52077 , G01S7/5206 , G06F9/30014 , G01S15/8977
摘要： A method and an apparatus for frame averaging ultrasound imaging data. A one-tap IIR filter is used to average the corresponding pixel data of two frames. The frame averaging is a function of a normalized difference between the pixel data of the two frames. This is achieved by taking the absolute difference between the signal levels of the current frame and the previous frame and dividing the result by the arithmetic (or geometric) mean of the two data. A multitude of look-up tables of output values are generated off-line. Each look-up table is designed to be used under a specific set of operating parameters. In response to the user's selection of these operating parameters, the system downloads a selected frame-averaging look-up table from system memory. During subsequent system operation, the downloaded look-up table outputs values which are a function of the normalized difference between the previous and current frame data used to address the look-up table.
摘要翻译： 一种用于平均超声成像数据的方法和装置。 单抽头IIR滤波器用于对两帧的相应像素数据进行平均。 帧平均是两帧的像素数据之间的归一化差异的函数。 这是通过取当前帧和前一帧的信号电平之间的绝对差并将结果除以两个数据的算术（或几何）平均值来实现的。 输出值的大量查询表离线生成。 每个查找表都被设计为在一组特定的操作参数下使用。 响应于用户对这些操作参数的选择，系统从系统存储器下载所选择的帧平均查找表。 在随后的系统操作期间，下载的查找表输出作为用于寻址查找表的前一帧和当前帧数据之间的归一化差的函数的值。
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3.发明授权Method and apparatus for enhancing segmentation in three-dimensional ultrasound imaging 失效用于增强三维超声成像分割的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5865750A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-02
申请号：US852699
申请日：1997-05-07
申请人： William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Michael John Harsh , David John Muzilla , Anne Lindsay Hall , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael J. Washburn , David D. Becker
发明人： William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Michael John Harsh , David John Muzilla , Anne Lindsay Hall , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael J. Washburn , David D. Becker
摘要： A method and an apparatus for three-dimensional imaging of ultrasound data by constructing projections of data from a volume of interest. An ultrasound scanner collects B-mode or color flow images in a cine memory, i.e., for a multiplicity of slices. A multi-row transducer array having a uniform elevation beamwidth is used to provide reduced slice thickness. The data from a respective region of interest for each of a multiplicity of stored slices is sent to a master controller, such data forming a volume of interest. The master controller performs an algorithm that projects the data in the volume of interest onto a plurality of rotated image planes using a ray-casting technique. The data for each projection is stored in a separate frame in the cine memory. These reconstructed frames are then displayed selectively by the system operator. Segmentation of three-dimensional projection images is enhanced by decreasing the thickness and increasing the resolution (i.e., decreasing the point spread function) of the two-dimensional slices from which the projections are derived. The slice thickness is decreased by increasing the elevational focus of the beam. The two-dimensional resolution is increased by opening the aperture, i.e., decreasing the f-number, and by increasing the band-width.
摘要翻译： 一种用于通过构建来自感兴趣体积的数据的投影的超声数据的三维成像的方法和装置。 超声波扫描仪在电影存储器中收集B模式或彩色流图像，即多个切片。 使用具有均匀的仰角波束宽度的多行换能器阵列来提供减小的切片厚度。 将多个存储的片中的每一个的相关感兴趣区域的数据发送到主控制器，这样的数据形成感兴趣的体积。 主控制器执行使用光线投射技术将感兴趣体积中的数据投影到多个旋转图像平面上的算法。 每个投影的数据存储在电影存储器中的单独帧中。 这些重建的帧然后由系统操作员选择性地显示。 三维投影图像的分割通过减小厚度并增加从其导出投影的二维切片的分辨率（即减小点扩散函数）来增强。 通过增加光束的高程聚焦来减小切片厚度。 通过打开孔径即减小f值并通过增加带宽来增加二维分辨率。
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4.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06176828B1
公开(公告)日：2001-01-23
申请号：US09220519
申请日：1998-12-24
IPC分类号： A61B800
CPC分类号： G01S15/8979 , A61B8/06 , A61B8/13
摘要： A method and an apparatus for color mapping of flow power data in which the flow states containing information of most interest to the user are enhanced, while flow states not containing information of interest are suppressed. This is accomplished using a color mapping having three segments which are connected at upper and lower knee points, the latter being settable either automatically or via operator inputs. In the automatic mode, the host computer determines the positions of the knee points based on analysis of a single or a mean image frame of power Doppler data or based on system parameters (e.g., dynamic range) set by the operator. The host computer then constructs a color mapping having the determined knee points and loads that color mapping into the video processor.
摘要翻译： 流量功率数据的颜色映射的方法和装置，其中包含用户最感兴趣的信息的流状态被增强，而不包含感兴趣的信息的流状态被抑制。 这是使用具有三个段的颜色映射来实现的，该三个段连接在上部和下部拐点处，后者可以通过操作者输入自动设置。 在自动模式中，主计算机基于功率多普勒数据的单个或平均图像帧的分析或者基于由操作者设置的系统参数（例如，动态范围）来确定拐点的位置。 然后，主计算机构建具有确定的拐点的颜色映射，并将该颜色映射加载到视频处理器中。
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公开(公告)号：US5797846A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-25
申请号：US774665
申请日：1996-12-30
CPC分类号： G01S7/52085 , G01S7/52025 , G01S7/52046 , G01S7/5206 , G01S7/52063 , G01S7/52071
摘要： A method for optimizing the beam distribution to obtain the highest frame rate together with the least amount of acoustic noise while limiting the spatial aliasing to an acceptable level. The beam distribution is adjusted according to the scan format and as a function of the beam width, which is proportional to the product of the F number and the operating wavelength. As the F number changes in going from the shallow depth to a deeper depth, the number of beams fired to construct an image would change correspondingly. In addition, if the F number is changing in going from the center of image to the edge of the image, the separation of the fired beams would change. Alternatively, if the operating frequency is being changed in going from shallower depths to deeper depths or in going from the center of image to the edge of the image, the beam spacing is changed in order to fire the optimum number of beams at all times, and thereby obtain the highest frame rate. Another variation is to have a beam distribution which depends on the spatial resolution of the display unit. For a sector scan, the number of beams which are fired at the shallower depths can be made smaller than the number of beams fired at the deeper depths. Once the beam distribution has been defined, the sequencing of beam firings must be determined to maximize the frame rate.
摘要翻译： 一种用于优化波束分布以获得最高帧速率以及最小量声学噪声同时将空间混叠限制到可接受水平的方法。 光束分布根据扫描格式和光束宽度的函数进行调节，光束宽度与F数与工作波长的乘积成比例。 随着F数从浅层深度的深度变化到更深的深度，发射构造图像的光束数将相应变化。 另外，如果从图像中心到图像边缘的F数正在变化，则射束的分离将改变。 或者，如果工作频率从较浅的深度变化到更深的深度，或者从图像的中心向图像的边缘变化，则改变光束间隔以始终激发最佳数量的光束， 从而获得最高的帧速率。 另一种变化是具有取决于显示单元的空间分辨率的光束分布。 对于扇区扫描，可以使在较浅深度处发射的光束的数量小于在较深深度处发射的光束的数量。 一旦定义了光束分布，必须确定光束发射的顺序以使帧速率最大化。
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6.发明授权Method and apparatus for mapping color flow velocity data into display intensities 失效将颜色流速数据映射到显示强度的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5895358A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-20
申请号：US852614
申请日：1997-05-07
CPC分类号： G01S7/52071 , G01S7/52034 , G01S15/8979 , G01S7/52046 , Y10S128/916
摘要： A method and an apparatus for mitigating aliasing when imaging moving fluid or tissue using velocity Doppler shift data. To eliminate the effects of slight aliasing in the velocity mode, symmetrical (or non-directional) velocity/color maps are used to map positive and negative velocity data of the same magnitude to the same color and same display intensity. If the pulse repetition frequency is adjusted so that only subtle aliasing is present, an optimal frame averaging of the data can be achieved by removing the sign of the velocity data either before or during frame averaging.
摘要翻译： 一种使用速度多普勒频移数据成像移动流体或组织时减轻混叠的方法和装置。 为了消除速度模式中轻微混叠的影响，使用对称（或非方向）速度/颜色图将相同幅度的正和负速度数据映射到相同的颜色和相同的显示强度。 如果调整脉冲重复频率使得仅存在微妙的混叠，则可以在帧平均之前或期间去除速度数据的符号来实现数据的最佳帧平均。
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7.发明授权Method and apparatus for adaptive filtering by counting acoustic sample zeroes in ultrasound imaging 失效用超声成像计数声学样本零点进行自适应滤波的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6135962A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-24
申请号：US201974
申请日：1998-12-01
CPC分类号： G06T5/20 , G01S7/52025
摘要： An ultrasound imaging system having an adaptive spatial filter the filter coefficients of which, for particular image parameter sample, are determined by counting the number of neighboring image parameter samples having zero or near-zero values. If the number of zero or near-zero values in a data window is greater than a predetermined threshold, the data in the window is passed, not filtered. This filter has two advantages over other spatial filters. First, image parameter data samples having only zero or near-zero neighboring values (i.e., isolated "point noise") are not smeared. Second, boundaries such as the edge of color in a vessel (where the surrounding area is black, i.e., the color image parameter values are zero or near zero) are not smoothed as much as in conventional filters, preserving the sharpness of the edge.
摘要翻译： 具有自适应空间滤波器的超声成像系统，对于特定图像参数采样，其滤波器系数通过对具有零或接近零值的相邻图像参数样本的数量进行计数来确定。 如果数据窗口中的零或近零值的数量大于预定阈值，则窗口中的数据被传递，而不被过滤。 该滤波器具有优于其他空间滤波器的两个优点。 首先，仅具有零或接近零相邻值（即，隔离的“点噪声”）的图像参数数据样本不被涂抹。 第二，像传统的滤光片那样，容器（其中周围区域是黑色，即彩色图像参数值为零或接近零）的颜色边缘的边界不会被平滑，从而保持边缘的清晰度。
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8.发明授权Optimization of packet processing by delaying a processor from entering an idle state 有权通过延迟处理器进入空闲状态来优化数据包处理公开(公告)号：US08694994B1
公开(公告)日：2014-04-08
申请号：US13227256
申请日：2011-09-07
申请人： Pradeep Vincent , David D. Becker
发明人： Pradeep Vincent , David D. Becker
IPC分类号： G06F9/38
CPC分类号： G06F9/45533 , G06F9/38 , G06F9/5094 , Y02D10/22
摘要： Some embodiments facilitate high performance packet-processing by enabling one or more processors that perform packet-processing to determine whether to enter an idle state or similar state. As network packets usually arrive or are transmitted in batches, the processors of some embodiments determine that more packets may be coming down a multi-stage pipeline upon receiving a first packet for processing. As a result, the processors may stay awake for a duration of time in anticipation of an incoming packet. Some embodiments keep track of the last packet that entered the first stage of the pipeline and compare that with a packet that the processor just processed in a pipeline stage to determine whether there may be more packets coming that need processing. In some embodiments, a processor may also look at a queue length of a queue associated with an upstream stage to determine whether more packets may be coming.
摘要翻译： 一些实施例通过启用执行分组处理的一个或多个处理器来确定是否进入空闲状态或类似状态来促进高性能分组处理。 随着网络分组通常到达或批量传输，一些实施例的处理器确定在接收到用于处理的第一分组时，更多分组可能在多级流水线中下降。 结果，处理器可以在预期输入分组的情况下保持清醒一段时间。 一些实施例跟踪进入流水线的第一阶段的最后一个分组，并将其与处理器刚刚在流水线级中处理的分组进行比较，以确定是否可能有更多的分组需要处理。 在一些实施例中，处理器还可以查看与上游级相关联的队列的队列长度，以确定更多分组是否可能来临。
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9.发明授权Method and apparatus for automatic tracing of Doppler time-velocity waveform envelope 失效用于自动跟踪多普勒时间 - 速度波形包络的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5935074A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-10
申请号：US944119
申请日：1997-10-06
CPC分类号： G01S15/8984 , G01S15/8979 , G01S7/52026
摘要： An analytical method for automatic tracing of a Doppler time-velocity waveform envelope. At the core of this algorithm is a maximum frequency detection mechanism which is based on searching for the highest frequency bin whose spectral amplitude exceeds a certain noise threshold. The method is based on a theoretical noise amplitude distribution in the video spectral domain. In particular, the method uses a precise model of the statistical distribution of the video spectral power of white noise to establish a threshold for maximum frequency detection. Input to the noise model is the average white noise level in the video spectral display, which can be computed using either of two analytical methods.
摘要翻译： 一种用于自动跟踪多普勒时速波形包络的分析方法。 该算法的核心是基于搜索频谱幅度超过某一噪声阈值的最高频率仓的最大频率检测机制。 该方法基于视频频域中的理论噪声幅度分布。 特别地，该方法使用白噪声的视频频谱功率的统计分布的精确模型来建立用于最大频率检测的阈值。 噪声模型的输入是视频频谱显示中的平均白噪声电平，可以使用两种分析方法中的任一种来计算。
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