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1.发明授权Method and apparatus for enhancing resolution and sensitivity in color flow ultrasound imaging using multiple transmit focal zones 失效用于增强使用多个透射聚焦区域的彩色流超声成像中的分辨率和灵敏度的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5908391A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-01
申请号：US852700
申请日：1997-05-07
申请人： David John Muzilla , Anne Lindsay Hall , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael J. Washburn , David D. Becker , Doralie Martinez , Xiao-Liang Xu
发明人： David John Muzilla , Anne Lindsay Hall , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael J. Washburn , David D. Becker , Doralie Martinez , Xiao-Liang Xu
CPC分类号： G01N29/348 , A61B8/488 , G01N29/0609 , G01N29/341 , G01S7/52085 , G01N2291/02483 , G01N2291/02836
摘要： A method and an apparatus for increasing the spatial resolution and sensitivity of a color flow image while maintaining a desired acoustic frame rate. The ultrasound energy is concentrated at a more narrowly defined focal region, which allows for increased flow sensitivity and vessel filling. Better flow uniformity across the color region of interest is also achieved. The method uses multiple transmit focal zones, and transmit and receive apertures having low f-numbers. Using multiple focal zones with low f-numbers allows for tight focusing over a larger depth-of-field. Unique waveforms and unique gain curves are used for each focal zone. Each focal zone is fired on a separate acoustic frame. An adaptive frame averaging algorithm is used to blend together the in-focus data from each of these acoustic frames before the data is displayed.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在保持所需声学帧速率的同时增加彩色图像的空间分辨率和灵敏度的方法和装置。 超声能量集中在更狭窄的聚焦区域，这允许增加流动灵敏度和血管填充。 还实现了在感兴趣的颜色区域上更好的流动均匀性。 该方法使用多个发射聚焦区，并且发射和接收具有低f数的孔。 使用具有低f数的多焦点区域可以在较大的景深范围内进行紧密聚焦。 每个聚焦区域都使用独特的波形和独特的增益曲线。 每个焦点区域在单独的声学框架上被点燃。 在显示数据之前，使用自适应帧平均算法将来自这些声音帧中的每一个的对焦数据混合在一起。
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2.发明授权Method and apparatus for ultrasound imaging using normalized difference between successive frames 失效使用连续帧之间的归一化差异的超声成像的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5865752A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-02
申请号：US858205
申请日：1997-05-07
申请人： Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , David John Muzilla , David D. Becker , Doralie Martinez , Xiao-Liang Xu
发明人： Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , David John Muzilla , David D. Becker , Doralie Martinez , Xiao-Liang Xu
CPC分类号： G01S7/52077 , G01S7/5206 , G06F9/30014 , G01S15/8977
摘要： A method and an apparatus for frame averaging ultrasound imaging data. A one-tap IIR filter is used to average the corresponding pixel data of two frames. The frame averaging is a function of a normalized difference between the pixel data of the two frames. This is achieved by taking the absolute difference between the signal levels of the current frame and the previous frame and dividing the result by the arithmetic (or geometric) mean of the two data. A multitude of look-up tables of output values are generated off-line. Each look-up table is designed to be used under a specific set of operating parameters. In response to the user's selection of these operating parameters, the system downloads a selected frame-averaging look-up table from system memory. During subsequent system operation, the downloaded look-up table outputs values which are a function of the normalized difference between the previous and current frame data used to address the look-up table.
摘要翻译： 一种用于平均超声成像数据的方法和装置。 单抽头IIR滤波器用于对两帧的相应像素数据进行平均。 帧平均是两帧的像素数据之间的归一化差异的函数。 这是通过取当前帧和前一帧的信号电平之间的绝对差并将结果除以两个数据的算术（或几何）平均值来实现的。 输出值的大量查询表离线生成。 每个查找表都被设计为在一组特定的操作参数下使用。 响应于用户对这些操作参数的选择，系统从系统存储器下载所选择的帧平均查找表。 在随后的系统操作期间，下载的查找表输出作为用于寻址查找表的前一帧和当前帧数据之间的归一化差的函数的值。
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3.发明授权Method and apparatus for enhancing segmentation in three-dimensional ultrasound imaging 失效用于增强三维超声成像分割的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5865750A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-02
申请号：US852699
申请日：1997-05-07
申请人： William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Michael John Harsh , David John Muzilla , Anne Lindsay Hall , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael J. Washburn , David D. Becker
发明人： William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Michael John Harsh , David John Muzilla , Anne Lindsay Hall , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael J. Washburn , David D. Becker
摘要： A method and an apparatus for three-dimensional imaging of ultrasound data by constructing projections of data from a volume of interest. An ultrasound scanner collects B-mode or color flow images in a cine memory, i.e., for a multiplicity of slices. A multi-row transducer array having a uniform elevation beamwidth is used to provide reduced slice thickness. The data from a respective region of interest for each of a multiplicity of stored slices is sent to a master controller, such data forming a volume of interest. The master controller performs an algorithm that projects the data in the volume of interest onto a plurality of rotated image planes using a ray-casting technique. The data for each projection is stored in a separate frame in the cine memory. These reconstructed frames are then displayed selectively by the system operator. Segmentation of three-dimensional projection images is enhanced by decreasing the thickness and increasing the resolution (i.e., decreasing the point spread function) of the two-dimensional slices from which the projections are derived. The slice thickness is decreased by increasing the elevational focus of the beam. The two-dimensional resolution is increased by opening the aperture, i.e., decreasing the f-number, and by increasing the band-width.
摘要翻译： 一种用于通过构建来自感兴趣体积的数据的投影的超声数据的三维成像的方法和装置。 超声波扫描仪在电影存储器中收集B模式或彩色流图像，即多个切片。 使用具有均匀的仰角波束宽度的多行换能器阵列来提供减小的切片厚度。 将多个存储的片中的每一个的相关感兴趣区域的数据发送到主控制器，这样的数据形成感兴趣的体积。 主控制器执行使用光线投射技术将感兴趣体积中的数据投影到多个旋转图像平面上的算法。 每个投影的数据存储在电影存储器中的单独帧中。 这些重建的帧然后由系统操作员选择性地显示。 三维投影图像的分割通过减小厚度并增加从其导出投影的二维切片的分辨率（即减小点扩散函数）来增强。 通过增加光束的高程聚焦来减小切片厚度。 通过打开孔径即减小f值并通过增加带宽来增加二维分辨率。
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4.发明授权Method and apparatus for mapping color flow velocity data into display intensities 失效将颜色流速数据映射到显示强度的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5895358A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-20
申请号：US852614
申请日：1997-05-07
CPC分类号： G01S7/52071 , G01S7/52034 , G01S15/8979 , G01S7/52046 , Y10S128/916
摘要： A method and an apparatus for mitigating aliasing when imaging moving fluid or tissue using velocity Doppler shift data. To eliminate the effects of slight aliasing in the velocity mode, symmetrical (or non-directional) velocity/color maps are used to map positive and negative velocity data of the same magnitude to the same color and same display intensity. If the pulse repetition frequency is adjusted so that only subtle aliasing is present, an optimal frame averaging of the data can be achieved by removing the sign of the velocity data either before or during frame averaging.
摘要翻译： 一种使用速度多普勒频移数据成像移动流体或组织时减轻混叠的方法和装置。 为了消除速度模式中轻微混叠的影响，使用对称（或非方向）速度/颜色图将相同幅度的正和负速度数据映射到相同的颜色和相同的显示强度。 如果调整脉冲重复频率使得仅存在微妙的混叠，则可以在帧平均之前或期间去除速度数据的符号来实现数据的最佳帧平均。
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公开(公告)号：US5797846A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-25
申请号：US774665
申请日：1996-12-30
CPC分类号： G01S7/52085 , G01S7/52025 , G01S7/52046 , G01S7/5206 , G01S7/52063 , G01S7/52071
摘要： A method for optimizing the beam distribution to obtain the highest frame rate together with the least amount of acoustic noise while limiting the spatial aliasing to an acceptable level. The beam distribution is adjusted according to the scan format and as a function of the beam width, which is proportional to the product of the F number and the operating wavelength. As the F number changes in going from the shallow depth to a deeper depth, the number of beams fired to construct an image would change correspondingly. In addition, if the F number is changing in going from the center of image to the edge of the image, the separation of the fired beams would change. Alternatively, if the operating frequency is being changed in going from shallower depths to deeper depths or in going from the center of image to the edge of the image, the beam spacing is changed in order to fire the optimum number of beams at all times, and thereby obtain the highest frame rate. Another variation is to have a beam distribution which depends on the spatial resolution of the display unit. For a sector scan, the number of beams which are fired at the shallower depths can be made smaller than the number of beams fired at the deeper depths. Once the beam distribution has been defined, the sequencing of beam firings must be determined to maximize the frame rate.
摘要翻译： 一种用于优化波束分布以获得最高帧速率以及最小量声学噪声同时将空间混叠限制到可接受水平的方法。 光束分布根据扫描格式和光束宽度的函数进行调节，光束宽度与F数与工作波长的乘积成比例。 随着F数从浅层深度的深度变化到更深的深度，发射构造图像的光束数将相应变化。 另外，如果从图像中心到图像边缘的F数正在变化，则射束的分离将改变。 或者，如果工作频率从较浅的深度变化到更深的深度，或者从图像的中心向图像的边缘变化，则改变光束间隔以始终激发最佳数量的光束， 从而获得最高的帧速率。 另一种变化是具有取决于显示单元的空间分辨率的光束分布。 对于扇区扫描，可以使在较浅深度处发射的光束的数量小于在较深深度处发射的光束的数量。 一旦定义了光束分布，必须确定光束发射的顺序以使帧速率最大化。
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6.发明授权Large-aperture imaging using transducer array with adaptive element pitch control 失效使用具有自适应元件俯仰控制的换能器阵列的大孔径成像
公开(公告)号：US5902241A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-11
申请号：US977082
申请日：1997-11-24
CPC分类号： G01S7/52046 , G01S15/8909 , G10K11/341 , G01N2291/02491 , G01S7/52071
摘要： An adaptive transducer array in which the element pitch is controlled by the imaging system depending on the mode of operation. A multiplicity of transducer elements are connected to a multiplicity of beamformer channels by a multiplexing arrangement having multiple states. In one multiplexer state, successive transducer elements are respectively connected to successive beamformer channels to produce an aperture having a small element pitch equal to the distance separating the centerlines of two adjacent transducer elements. In another multiplexer state, selected transducer elements are respectively connected to successive beamformer channels to produce an aperture having an increased element pitch equal to the small pitch multiplied by a factor of two or more. The aperture is increased by connecting together pairs of adjacent elements to a respective beamformer channel or by connecting every other element to a respective beamformer channel to form a sparse array.
摘要翻译： 一种自适应换能器阵列，其中元件间距由成像系统根据操作模式来控制。 多个换能器元件通过具有多个状态的复用装置连接到多个波束形成器通道。 在一个复用器状态中，连续的换能器元件分别连接到相继的波束形成器通道以产生具有等于两个相邻的换能器元件的中心线分开的距离的小元件间距的孔。 在另一个多路复用器状态下，选择的换能器元件分别连接到相继的波束成形器通道，以产生具有等于小间距乘以因子2或更大的元件间距增加的孔。 通过将相邻元件的对连接到相应的波束形成器通道或通过将每个其它元件连接到相应的波束形成器通道以形成稀疏阵列来增加孔径。
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公开(公告)号：US6045507A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-04
申请号：US169785
申请日：1998-10-09
CPC分类号： G01S7/5205 , A61B8/06
摘要： An ultrasound color flow imaging system is programmed to operate in an adaptive manner. The operational adjustments are made based on the system gain setting or the transmit packet size or both. Based on these operator inputs, the transmit burst length is adjusted for optimum operation. In addition, the transmit peak amplitude and the bandwidth of the receive filter are adjusted as a function of the burst length adjustment.
摘要翻译： 超声波彩色成像系统被编程为以自适应方式操作。 基于系统增益设置或发送分组大小或两者进行操作调整。 基于这些操作员输入，调整发送突发长度以实现最佳操作。 此外，接收滤波器的发送峰值幅度和带宽作为突发长度调整的函数被调整。
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8.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06176828B1
公开(公告)日：2001-01-23
申请号：US09220519
申请日：1998-12-24
IPC分类号： A61B800
CPC分类号： G01S15/8979 , A61B8/06 , A61B8/13
摘要： A method and an apparatus for color mapping of flow power data in which the flow states containing information of most interest to the user are enhanced, while flow states not containing information of interest are suppressed. This is accomplished using a color mapping having three segments which are connected at upper and lower knee points, the latter being settable either automatically or via operator inputs. In the automatic mode, the host computer determines the positions of the knee points based on analysis of a single or a mean image frame of power Doppler data or based on system parameters (e.g., dynamic range) set by the operator. The host computer then constructs a color mapping having the determined knee points and loads that color mapping into the video processor.
摘要翻译： 流量功率数据的颜色映射的方法和装置，其中包含用户最感兴趣的信息的流状态被增强，而不包含感兴趣的信息的流状态被抑制。 这是使用具有三个段的颜色映射来实现的，该三个段连接在上部和下部拐点处，后者可以通过操作者输入自动设置。 在自动模式中，主计算机基于功率多普勒数据的单个或平均图像帧的分析或者基于由操作者设置的系统参数（例如，动态范围）来确定拐点的位置。 然后，主计算机构建具有确定的拐点的颜色映射，并将该颜色映射加载到视频处理器中。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6048312A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-11
申请号：US139373
申请日：1998-08-25
申请人： Syed Omar Ishrak , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Brian Peter Geiser , Gregory R. Bashford , Michael Joseph Washburn
发明人： Syed Omar Ishrak , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Brian Peter Geiser , Gregory R. Bashford , Michael Joseph Washburn
CPC分类号： G01S15/8993 , A61B8/0833 , A61B8/0841 , A61B8/483 , G01S15/8979 , G01S15/8988 , G01S7/52034 , G01S7/52046 , G01S7/5206 , G01S7/52069 , G01S7/52071 , G01S7/52074 , Y10S128/916
摘要： A method and an apparatus for three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of a needle-like instrument, such as a biopsy needle, inserted in a human body. The instrument is visualized by transmitting ultrasound beams toward the instrument and then detecting the echo signals using a linear array of transducer elements. The problem of ultrasound being reflected from a biopsy needle in a direction away from the transducer array is solved by steering the transmitted ultrasound beams to increase the angle at which the beams impinge upon the biopsy needle. Ideally the ultrasound beams are perpendicular to the biopsy needle. This increases the system's sensitivity to the needle because the reflections from the needle are directed closer to the transducer array. This can be accomplished using either the B mode or the color flow mode of an ultrasound imaging system. The acquired data for multiple two-dimensional image frames is gathered in memory to form a data volume, which is then processed to form a three-dimensional image (by projection) or a two-dimensional slice taken at an angle through the data volume. In particular, a two-dimensional slice which is coplanar with the inserted biopsy needle can be imaged.
摘要翻译： 一种插入人体的针状器械（例如活检针）的三维超声成像的方法和装置。 通过向仪器发射超声波束，然后使用换能器元件的线性阵列检测回波信号来显示仪器。 通过转向透射的超声波束来增加横梁撞击活检针的角度来解决超声波在远离换能器阵列的方向从活检针反射的问题。 理想情况下，超声波束与活检针垂直。 这增加了系统对针的敏感性，因为来自针的反射更靠近换能器阵列。 这可以使用超声成像系统的B模式或彩色流动模式来实现。 用于多个二维图像帧的采集的数据被收集在存储器中以形成数据量，然后将其处理以形成通过数据量以一定角度拍摄的三维图像（通过投影）或二维切片。 特别地，可以对与插入的活检针共面的二维切片进行成像。
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10.发明授权Method and apparatus for compensating for inoperative elements in ultrasonic transducer array 有权用于补偿超声波换能器阵列中不起作用的元件的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6120449A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-19
申请号：US200077
申请日：1998-11-25
CPC分类号： G01S15/8909 , A61B8/4494 , G01S7/5205 , G10K11/341
摘要： A method and an apparatus for compensating for fully or partially inoperative elements in an ultrasonic transducer array. The inoperative elements are compensated for by "bridging" or "shorting" them to fully operative elements. This compensation technique can be applied to one-dimensional or multi-dimensional transducer arrays. A bridge between a fully or partially inoperative element and an adjacent fully operative element can be achieved by physically shorting the elements somewhere in the signal chain or by electrically connecting the elements via switches, e.g., of a multiplexer. The state of the multiplexer switches (i.e., open or closed) is controlled by loading MUX State control data into a flash memory located on-board the probe. This MUX State control data includes switch settings for connecting a defective element to an adjacent fully functional element in the transducer array.
摘要翻译： 一种用于补偿超声换能器阵列中完全或部分不起作用的元件的方法和装置。 通过“桥接”或“短路”到完全操作的元件来补偿不起作用的元件。 该补偿技术可以应用于一维或多维换能器阵列。 完全或部分不起作用的元件和相邻的完全操作元件之间的桥梁可以通过在信号链中某处的物理短路或者通过例如多路复用器的开关电连接元件来实现。 通过将MUX状态控制数据加载到位于探头上的闪存中来控制多路复用器开关（即，打开或关闭）的状态。 该MUX状态控制数据包括用于将有缺陷的元件连接到换能器阵列中相邻的全功能元件的开关设置。
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