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1.发明授权Differential wavelength photoluminescence for non-contact measuring of contaminants and defects located below the surface of a wafer or other workpiece 有权用于非接触式测量污染物和位于晶片或其他工件表面下方的缺陷的差分光致发光公开(公告)号：US07446321B2
公开(公告)日：2008-11-04
申请号：US11427080
申请日：2006-06-28
CPC分类号： G01N21/6489 , G01N21/94 , G01N21/9501 , G01N21/9505 , G01N2021/646 , G01N2021/8867
摘要： A method for using photoluminescence to identify defects in a sub-surface region of a sample includes performing a first probe of the sample. A first data set, based on the first probe, is produced indicating defects located primarily in a surface layer of the sample. A second data set, based on a second probe, is produced indicating defects located in both the surface layer and a sub-surface region of the sample. The first data set is subtracted from the second data set to produce a third data set indicating defects located primarily in the sub-surface region of the sample. The first data set may optionally be normalized relative to the second data set before performing the subtraction. The first and second probes may advantageously be performed using a first laser and a second laser, respectively, having different wavelengths from each other.
摘要翻译： 使用光致发光来鉴定样品的子表面区域中的缺陷的方法包括执行样品的第一探针。 产生基于第一探针的第一数据集，指示主要位于样品的表面层中的缺陷。 产生基于第二探针的第二数据集，其指示位于样品的表面层和次表面区域中的缺陷。 从第二数据组中减去第一数据集以产生指示主要位于样本的子表面区域中的缺陷的第三数据集。 在执行减法之前，第一数据集可以可选地相对于第二数据集进行归一化。 第一和第二探针可以有利地使用分别具有不同波长的第一激光器和第二激光器来执行。
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2.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07504642B2
公开(公告)日：2009-03-17
申请号：US11426877
申请日：2006-06-27
申请人： Steven G. Hummel , Tom Walker
发明人： Steven G. Hummel , Tom Walker
IPC分类号： G01N21/64
CPC分类号： G01N21/6489 , G01N21/8422 , G01N21/94 , G01N21/9501 , G01N21/9505 , G01N2021/646
摘要： A method and apparatus uses photoluminescence to identify defects in one or more specified material layers of a sample. One or more filtering elements are used to filter out predetermined wavelengths of return light emitted from a sample. The predetermined wavelengths are selected such that only return light emitted from one or more specified material layers of the sample is detected. Additionally or alternatively, the wavelength of incident light directed into the sample may be selected to penetrate the sample to a given depth, or to excite only one or more selected material layers in the sample. Accordingly, defect data characteristic of primarily only the one or more specified material layers is generated.
摘要翻译： 方法和装置使用光致发光来鉴定样品的一个或多个指定材料层中的缺陷。 一个或多个滤波元件用于滤除从样品发射的预定波长的返回光。 选择预定波长，使得仅检测从样品的一个或多个指定材料层发射的返回光。 另外或替代地，可以选择引入样品的入射光的波长以将样品穿透到给定的深度，或仅激发样品中的一个或多个选定的材料层。 因此，产生仅主要仅一个或多个指定材料层的缺陷数据特性。
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公开(公告)号：US08676398B2
公开(公告)日：2014-03-18
申请号：US12616779
申请日：2009-11-11
申请人： John M. Fife , Steven G. Hummel , Tod Snider
发明人： John M. Fife , Steven G. Hummel , Tod Snider
CPC分类号： H02M7/003 , H05K7/20945
摘要： A temperature-controlled solar power inverter is described herein. The solar power inverter includes multiple components (for example, a power transistor, a control board, or a heat sink). The temperature of a component may rise due to heat generated by the component or heat absorbed from other components. The solar power inverter also includes a temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature at a location proximate to the component and a cooling device configured to cool the component. The solar power inverter also includes a controller coupled to the temperature sensor and the cooling device. The controller is programmed to receive the temperature from the temperature sensor and control the cooling device based upon the temperature and a temperature setpoint of the component. The temperature setpoint is based upon 1) a component initial temperature, 2) a temperature excursion limit of the component, and 3) an absolute temperature limit of the component.
摘要翻译： 本文描述了温度控制的太阳能逆变器。 太阳能逆变器包括多个部件（例如，功率晶体管，控制板或散热器）。 部件的温度可能由于部件产生的热量或从其他部件吸收的热量而升高。 太阳能逆变器还包括温度传感器，其被配置为测量靠近部件的位置处的温度和被配置为冷却部件的冷却装置。 太阳能逆变器还包括耦合到温度传感器和冷却装置的控制器。 控制器被编程为从温度传感器接收温度，并根据组件的温度和温度设定值控制冷却装置。 温度设定值基于1）组件初始温度，2）组件的温度偏移极限，3）组件的绝对温度极限。
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4.发明申请SYSTEM AND METHOD OF DETERMINING MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING FOR A SOLAR POWER INVERTER 有权确定太阳能电力逆变器最大功率点跟踪的系统和方法公开(公告)号：US20100117623A1
公开(公告)日：2010-05-13
申请号：US12616763
申请日：2009-11-11
IPC分类号： G01R19/00
CPC分类号： G05F1/67 , Y02E10/58 , Y10S323/906 , Y10T307/675
摘要： A system and method for operating a photovoltaic element at or near a maximum power point. A maximum power point tracker changes a voltage or current set point of a photovoltaic element in sequential discrete steps, measuring an output power at each step after a predetermined settling time. A slope of a power-voltage curve is then estimated and the slope is corrected for irradiance changes. Finally, an operating voltage or current of the photovoltaic element is adjusted based on the slope of the power-voltage curve and other factors, causing the photovoltaic element to operate at or near its maximum power.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在最大功率点处或附近操作光伏元件的系统和方法。 最大功率点跟踪器在连续的离散步骤中改变光伏元件的电压或电流设定点，在预定的建立时间之后测量每个步骤的输出功率。 然后估计电源 - 电压曲线的斜率，并对辐照度变化校正斜率。 最后，基于电源 - 电压曲线的斜率和其他因素来调节光伏元件的工作电压或电流，使得光伏元件在其最大功率处或其附近工作。
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5.发明申请SYSTEM AND METHOD OF DETERMINING MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING FOR A SOLAR POWER INVERTER 失效确定太阳能电力逆变器最大功率点跟踪的系统和方法公开(公告)号：US20110282502A1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-17
申请号：US13108135
申请日：2011-05-16
IPC分类号： G06F1/26
CPC分类号： G05F1/67 , Y02E10/58 , Y10S323/906 , Y10T307/675
摘要： A system and method for operating a photovoltaic element at or near a maximum power point. A maximum power point tracker changes a voltage or current set point of a photovoltaic element in sequential discrete steps, measuring an output power at each step after a predetermined settling time. A slope of a power-voltage curve is then estimated and the slope is corrected for irradiance changes. Finally, an operating voltage or current of the photovoltaic element is adjusted based on the slope of the power-voltage curve and other factors, causing the photovoltaic element to operate at or near its maximum power.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在最大功率点处或附近操作光伏元件的系统和方法。 最大功率点跟踪器在连续的离散步骤中改变光伏元件的电压或电流设定点，在预定的建立时间之后测量每个步骤的输出功率。 然后估计电源 - 电压曲线的斜率，并对辐照度变化校正斜率。 最后，基于电源 - 电压曲线的斜率和其他因素来调节光伏元件的工作电压或电流，使得光伏元件在其最大功率处或其附近工作。
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6.发明授权System and method of determining maximum power point tracking for a solar power inverter 有权确定太阳能逆变器的最大功率点跟踪的系统和方法公开(公告)号：US07960863B2
公开(公告)日：2011-06-14
申请号：US12616763
申请日：2009-11-11
IPC分类号： H02J1/00
CPC分类号： G05F1/67 , Y02E10/58 , Y10S323/906 , Y10T307/675
摘要： A system and method for operating a photovoltaic element at or near a maximum power point. A maximum power point tracker changes a voltage or current set point of a photovoltaic element in sequential discrete steps, measuring an output power at each step after a predetermined settling time. A slope of a power-voltage curve is then estimated and the slope is corrected for irradiance changes. Finally, an operating voltage or current of the photovoltaic element is adjusted based on the slope of the power-voltage curve and other factors, causing the photovoltaic element to operate at or near its maximum power.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在最大功率点处或附近操作光伏元件的系统和方法。 最大功率点跟踪器在连续的离散步骤中改变光伏元件的电压或电流设定点，在预定的建立时间之后测量每个步骤的输出功率。 然后估计电源 - 电压曲线的斜率，并对辐照度变化校正斜率。 最后，基于电源 - 电压曲线的斜率和其他因素来调节光伏元件的工作电压或电流，使得光伏元件在其最大功率处或其附近工作。
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公开(公告)号：US20110282514A1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-17
申请号：US13103629
申请日：2011-05-09
申请人： Michael Ropp , Steven G. Hummel
发明人： Michael Ropp , Steven G. Hummel
CPC分类号： G01W1/10 , F24S2201/00 , H02J3/14 , H02J3/383 , H02J7/35 , H02M3/156 , H02S40/32 , Y02E10/563 , Y02E10/566 , Y04S20/224
摘要： A solar power forecasting system can provide forecasts of solar power output by photovoltaic plants over multiple time frames. A first time frame may be several hours from the time of the forecast, which can allow utility personnel sufficient time to make decisions to counteract a forecasted shortfall in solar power output. For example, the utility personnel can decide to increase power production and/or to purchase additional power to make up for any forecasted shortfall in solar power output. A second time frame can be several minutes from the time of the forecast, which can allow for operations to mitigate effects of a forecasted shortfall in solar power output. Such mitigation operations can include directing an energy management system to shed noncritical loads and/or ramping down the power produced by the photovoltaic plants at a rate that is acceptable to the utility to which the photovoltaic plants provide power.
摘要翻译： 太阳能发电预测系统可以在多个时间范围内提供光伏电站太阳能输出的预测。 第一时间框架可能是从预测时间开始的几个小时，这可以使公用事业人员有足够的时间作出决定，以抵消预计的太阳能发电量的不足。 例如，公用事业人员可以决定增加电力生产和/或购买额外的电力来弥补任何预测的太阳能发电量的不足。 第二时间段可以从预测时间开始几分钟，这可以使操作减轻预测的太阳能发电量不足的影响。 这样的缓解操作可以包括指导能量管理系统以光伏电站提供电力的公用设施可接受的速率引导非临界负载和/或降低光伏电站产生的功率。
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公开(公告)号：US20110276269A1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-10
申请号：US13103968
申请日：2011-05-09
申请人： Steven G. Hummel
发明人： Steven G. Hummel
IPC分类号： G06F19/00
CPC分类号： G01W1/10 , F24S2201/00 , H02J3/14 , H02J3/383 , H02J7/35 , H02M3/156 , H02S40/32 , Y02E10/563 , Y02E10/566 , Y04S20/224
摘要： A solar power forecasting system can provide forecasts of solar power output by photovoltaic plants over multiple time frames. A first time frame may be several hours from the time of the forecast, which can allow utility personnel sufficient time to make decisions to counteract a forecasted shortfall in solar power output. For example, the utility personnel can decide to increase power production and/or to purchase additional power to make up for any forecasted shortfall in solar power output. A second time frame can be several minutes from the time of the forecast, which can allow for operations to mitigate effects of a forecasted shortfall in solar power output. Such mitigation operations can include directing an energy management system to shed noncritical loads and/or ramping down the power produced by the photovoltaic plants at a rate that is acceptable to the utility to which the photovoltaic plants provide power.
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9.发明申请SOLAR POWER INVERTERS, INCLUDING TEMPERATURE-CONTROLLED SOLAR POWER INVERTERS, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS 失效太阳能逆变器，包括温度控制太阳能电力逆变器，以及相关系统和方法公开(公告)号：US20100134959A1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-03
申请号：US12616779
申请日：2009-11-11
申请人： John M. Fife , Steven G. Hummel , Tod Snider
发明人： John M. Fife , Steven G. Hummel , Tod Snider
IPC分类号： H02B1/56
CPC分类号： H02M7/003 , H05K7/20945
摘要： A temperature-controlled solar power inverter is described herein. The solar power inverter includes multiple components (for example, a power transistor, a control board, or a heat sink). The temperature of a component may rise due to heat generated by the component or heat absorbed from other components. The solar power inverter also includes a temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature at a location proximate to the component and a cooling device configured to cool the component. The solar power inverter also includes a controller coupled to the temperature sensor and the cooling device. The controller is programmed to receive the temperature from the temperature sensor and control the cooling device based upon the temperature and a temperature setpoint of the component. The temperature setpoint is based upon 1) a component initial temperature, 2) a temperature excursion limit of the component, and 3) an absolute temperature limit of the component.
摘要翻译： 本文描述了温度控制的太阳能逆变器。 太阳能逆变器包括多个部件（例如，功率晶体管，控制板或散热器）。 部件的温度可能由于部件产生的热量或从其他部件吸收的热量而升高。 太阳能逆变器还包括温度传感器，其被配置为测量靠近部件的位置处的温度和被配置为冷却部件的冷却装置。 太阳能逆变器还包括耦合到温度传感器和冷却装置的控制器。 控制器被编程为从温度传感器接收温度，并根据组件的温度和温度设定值控制冷却装置。 温度设定值基于1）组件初始温度，2）组件的温度偏移极限，3）组件的绝对温度极限。
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10.发明授权System and method of determining maximum power point tracking for a solar power inverter 失效确定太阳能逆变器的最大功率点跟踪的系统和方法公开(公告)号：US08344547B2
公开(公告)日：2013-01-01
申请号：US13108135
申请日：2011-05-16
IPC分类号： H02J1/00
CPC分类号： G05F1/67 , Y02E10/58 , Y10S323/906 , Y10T307/675
摘要： A system and method for operating a photovoltaic element at or near a maximum power point. A maximum power point tracker changes a voltage or current set point of a photovoltaic element in sequential discrete steps, measuring an output power at each step after a predetermined settling time. A slope of a power-voltage curve is then estimated and the slope is corrected for irradiance changes. Finally, an operating voltage or current of the photovoltaic element is adjusted based on the slope of the power-voltage curve and other factors, causing the photovoltaic element to operate at or near its maximum power.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在最大功率点处或附近操作光伏元件的系统和方法。 最大功率点跟踪器在连续的离散步骤中改变光伏元件的电压或电流设定点，在预定的建立时间之后测量每个步骤的输出功率。 然后估计电源 - 电压曲线的斜率，并对辐照度变化校正斜率。 最后，基于电源 - 电压曲线的斜率和其他因素来调节光伏元件的工作电压或电流，使得光伏元件在其最大功率处或其附近工作。
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