摘要:
A method is for the pulse width modified control of switching elements in a frequency converter having N phases, in which for each phase the control pulses of the switching elements are derived from, in each case, one P-periodic control voltage. The P-periodic control voltages correspond to a superposition of sinusoidal control voltages of period P, that are shifted by 360/N degrees with respect to one another, by an N*P-periodic offset voltage that applies to all phases. The offset voltage is selected such that, at any time, exactly one of the P-periodic control voltages lies effectively on a modulating limit for the derivation of the switching pulses. Using this method, the excitation of resonances at the star point of a connected load may be clearly reduced.
摘要:
A charging circuit for a frequency converter having a first feed line with a first constant current source therein and a second feed line with a second constant current source therein. An intermediate circuit capacitor connected between the first feed line and the second feed line, wherein the first constant current source that limits a charging current of the intermediate circuit capacitor. An electronic control device that controls both the first constant current source and the second constant current source in parallel.
摘要:
A method for ground potential monitoring of a rectifier drive, having a capacitor which is connected with a voltage source via a switching device. The method including applying a test voltage between a connector of a capacitor of a rectifier drive and a mass or ground potential prior to connecting the rectifier drive with a voltage source that is connected with the capacitor via a switching device. The method also includes releasing the switching device if a potential of the connector changes by a predetermined amount after the applying the test voltage.
摘要:
A circuit arrangement allows a converter to be operated with supply voltages oscillating within broad limits. The intermediate circuit voltage of the converter is controlled to avoid unacceptably high currents, so that the intermediate circuit voltage is always higher than the peak value of the rectified supply voltage. For at least this purpose, the peak value of the rectified supply voltage is determined and compared to that of the intermediate circuit voltage. If the intermediate circuit voltage is less than the peak value of the rectified supply voltage, the intermediate circuit voltage is increased to exceed the originally set setpoint value. This prevents free-wheeling diodes from becoming conductive at undesirable times and causing excessive currents.
摘要:
A device is provided for extracting a hydrocarbon-containing substance from a reservoir. Thermal energy can be applied to the reservoir in order to reduce the viscosity of the substance. The device includes at least one conductor loop for inductively supplying electric current, to provide electric and/or electromagnetic heating, and a fluid conducting device for transporting and introducing a solvent fluid into the reservoir, to further reduce the viscosity of the substance.
摘要:
A method for extracting bitumen and/or extra-heavy oil from an underground deposit is provided. The energy for producing the steam and for the electric heating is generated in situ, for which purpose part of the extracted bitumen and/or extra-heavy oil is burned in an industrial turbine with a downstream generator coupled to the turbine. The industrial turbine may be a gas turbine or a steam turbine. In particular the industrial turbine with downstream generator is assigned a waste heat recovery steam generator which serves for generating the steam and accordingly takes the form of a boiler. Through intermediate storage of the bitumen and/or ultra-heavy oil produced it is possible to implement a self-contained closed circuit which operates autonomously, independently of any external energy supply, using approx. 20% of the extracted bitumen and/or extra-heavy oil for the purposes of extraction.
摘要:
A method for the in situ extraction of bitumen or very heavy oil from oil sand deposits close to the surface, where thermal energy is introduced into the deposit to reduce the viscosity of the bitumen or very heavy oil is provided. Condensed water is used that is introduced into the deposit via an injection pipe and is horizontally conducted inside the pipe within the deposit such that the water can evaporate in situ and the heat can be applied to the deposit. An apparatus including an injection pipe, an extraction pipe, a converter and electrical conductors are also provided.
摘要:
A uniform temperature of the machines to be cooled is obtained by way of a device for cooling at least one power component. The device has a cooling medium line, a cooling medium pump and a heat exchanger. Furthermore, streams of cooling media are to be kept low. A return runs back in the direction of an inlet along a flow up to an outlet. In this way, a counter stream interconnection for averaging a flow and a return temperature of a cooling medium is achieved.
摘要:
In a protective circuit for a converter having a plurality of phases, for each phase current of the phases, a signal proportional to the respective phase current is applied to a transformer circuit that, below and in the area of a limiting frequency, functions as a low-pass filter with the limiting frequency, and above the limiting frequency, functions as a divider. The outputs of the transformer circuit are applied to a maximum generator for forming the absolute value maximum. This maximum is fed to a comparator in which the maximum is compared to a reference value.
摘要:
An apparatus is provided for delivering a substance containing hydrocarbons from a reservoir. The reservoir can be subjected to thermal energy in order to reduce the viscosity of the substance. The apparatus includes at least one conductor loop for inductively applying current as an electric/electromagnetic heater. A conductor of the conductor loop is surrounded in at least one section by a liquid-carrying conduit. The liquid-carrying conduit is perforated such that when a liquid is supplied the liquid penetrates into the reservoir from the liquid-carrying conduit via a perforation.