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公开(公告)号：US06839725B2
公开(公告)日：2005-01-04
申请号：US09855453
申请日：2001-05-15
CPC分类号： G06F12/0276 , Y10S707/99957
摘要： Run time sampling techniques have been developed whereby representative object lifetime statistics may be obtained and employed to adaptively affect tenuring decisions, memory object promotion and/or storage location selection. In some realizations, object allocation functionality is dynamically varied to achieve desired behavior on an object category-by-category basis. In some realizations, phase behavior affects sampled lifetimes e.g., for objects allocated at different phases of program execution, and the dynamic facilities described herein provide phase-specific adaptation tenuring decisions, memory object promotion and/or storage location selection. In some realizations, reversal of such decisions is provided.
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2.发明授权Object sampling technique for runtime observations of representative instances thereof 有权用于其代表性实例的运行时间观测的对象采样技术公开(公告)号：US06799191B2
公开(公告)日：2004-09-28
申请号：US09855454
申请日：2001-05-15
IPC分类号： G06F1200
CPC分类号： G06F12/0276 , G06F11/3447 , G06F11/3466 , Y10S707/99957
摘要： With better knowledge of the behavior of objects in a running application, it is possible to improve execution environment decisions that affect management of such objects. For example, if available, object lifetime statistics could be employed in decisions that affect how and where objects are placed, e.g., on allocation or during operation of automatic dynamic memory management facilities such as a garbage collector. Typically, instrumenting all objects to sample lifetimes or other characteristics would impose an impractical level of overhead. We present a technique for dynamic sampling of a subset of allocated objects that incurs low runtime overheads. Coupled with automatic memory management or collection facilities, this technique allows us to improve the efficiency of a collector by segregating objects, sampled and non-sampled alike, based on observed characteristics such as object lifetime. The sampling techniques facilitate tracking of many kinds of object information. For purposes of illustration, an exemplary implementation is described in which such sampling techniques are exploited to improve performance of generational garbage collectors.
摘要翻译： 通过更好地了解正在运行的应用程序中对象的行为，可以改进影响这些对象管理的执行环境决策。 例如，如果可用，则可以在影响如何以及在何处放置对象的决策中使用对象生命周期统计，例如在诸如垃圾收集器的自动动态存储器管理设备的分配或操作期间。 通常，将所有对象检测到样本生命周期或其他特征将会产生不切实际的开销级别。 我们提出了一种用于动态采样分配对象的子集的技术，从而导致低运行时开销。 结合自动记忆管理或收集设备，这种技术使我们能够根据诸如对象寿命等观察特征，通过分离对象，采样和非抽样等来提高收集器的效率。 采样技术有助于跟踪多种物体信息。 为了说明的目的，描述了一种示例性实现，其中利用这种采样技术来改善代代垃圾收集器的性能。
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公开(公告)号：US08898652B2
公开(公告)日：2014-11-25
申请号：US11811033
申请日：2007-06-08
申请人： Jan Gray , Timothy L. Harris , James Larus , Burton Smith
发明人： Jan Gray , Timothy L. Harris , James Larus , Burton Smith
CPC分类号： G06F9/3004 , G06F9/30003 , G06F9/30087 , G06F9/467
摘要： Various technologies and techniques are disclosed for providing a hardware accelerated software transactional memory application. The software transactional memory application has access to metadata in a cache of a central processing unit that can be used to improve the operation of the STM system. For example, open read barrier filtering is provided that uses an opened-for-read bit that is contained in the metadata to avoid redundant open read processing. Similarly, redundant read log validation can be avoided using the metadata. For example, upon entering commit processing for a particular transaction, a get-evictions instruction in an instruction set architecture of the central processing unit is invoked. A retry operation can be optimized using the metadata. The particular transaction is aborted at a current point and put to sleep. The corresponding cache line metadata in the metadata are marked appropriately to efficiently detect a write by another CPU.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于提供硬件加速软件事务性存储器应用的各种技术和技术。 软件事务存储器应用程序可以访问可用于改进STM系统的操作的中央处理单元的高速缓存中的元数据。 例如，提供了打开的读取屏障过滤，该过滤使用元数据中包含的可读取位来避免冗余的打开读取处理。 类似地，可以使用元数据避免冗余读取日志验证。 例如，在对特定事务进行提交处理时，调用中央处理单元的指令集架构中的取消指令。 可以使用元数据优化重试操作。 特定的事务在当前中止，并进入睡眠状态。 元数据中相应的缓存行元数据被适当地标记以有效地检测另一CPU的写入。
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公开(公告)号：US20090210457A1
公开(公告)日：2009-08-20
申请号：US12033715
申请日：2008-02-19
IPC分类号： G06F12/00
摘要： Strong semantics are provided to programs that are correctly synchronized in their use of transactions by using dynamic separation of objects that are accessed in transactions from those accessed outside transactions. At run-time, operations are performed to identify transitions between these protected and unprotected modes of access. Dynamic separation permits a range of hardware-based and software-based implementations which allow non-conflicting transactions to execute and commit in parallel. A run-time checking tool, analogous to a data-race detector, may be provided to test dynamic separation of transacted data and non-transacted data. Dynamic separation may be used in an asynchronous I/O library.
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公开(公告)号：US20090204969A1
公开(公告)日：2009-08-13
申请号：US12029130
申请日：2008-02-11
申请人： Martin Abadi , Andrew D. Birrell , Timothy L. Harris , Michael A. Isard , Johnson Ta-Chung Hsieh
发明人： Martin Abadi , Andrew D. Birrell , Timothy L. Harris , Michael A. Isard , Johnson Ta-Chung Hsieh
IPC分类号： G06F9/46
CPC分类号： G06F9/466
摘要： Strong semantics are provided to programs that are correctly synchronized in their use of transactions by using dynamic separation of objects that are accessed in transactions from those accessed outside transactions. At run-time, operations are performed to identify transitions between these protected and unprotected modes of access. Dynamic separation permits a range of hardware-based and software-based implementations which allow non-conflicting transactions to execute and commit in parallel. A run-time checking tool, analogous to a data-race detector, may be provided to test dynamic separation of transacted data and non-transacted data. Dynamic separation may be used in an asynchronous I/O library.
摘要翻译： 通过使用在访问外部事务处理的事务中访问的对象的动态分离，为使用事务中正确同步的程序提供了强大的语义。 在运行时，执行操作以识别这些受保护和不受保护的访问模式之间的转换。 动态分离允许一系列基于硬件和基于软件的实现，允许非冲突事务并行执行和提交。 可以提供类似于数据竞争检测器的运行时检查工具来测试事务数据和非事务数据的动态分离。 动态分离可用于异步I / O库。
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公开(公告)号：US07908265B2
公开(公告)日：2011-03-15
申请号：US12033715
申请日：2008-02-19
IPC分类号： G06F17/00
摘要： Strong semantics are provided to programs that are correctly synchronized in their use of transactions by using dynamic separation of objects that are accessed in transactions from those accessed outside transactions. At run-time, operations are performed to identify transitions between these protected and unprotected modes of access. Dynamic separation permits a range of hardware-based and software-based implementations which allow non-conflicting transactions to execute and commit in parallel. A run-time checking tool, analogous to a data-race detector, may be provided to test dynamic separation of transacted data and non-transacted data. Dynamic separation may be used in an asynchronous I/O library.
摘要翻译： 通过使用在访问外部事务处理的事务中访问的对象的动态分离，为使用事务中正确同步的程序提供了强大的语义。 在运行时，执行操作以识别这些受保护和不受保护的访问模式之间的转换。 动态分离允许一系列基于硬件和基于软件的实现，允许非冲突事务并行执行和提交。 可以提供类似于数据竞争检测器的运行时检查工具来测试事务数据和非事务数据的动态分离。 动态分离可用于异步I / O库。
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公开(公告)号：US07536517B2
公开(公告)日：2009-05-19
申请号：US11192784
申请日：2005-07-29
申请人： Timothy L. Harris
发明人： Timothy L. Harris
CPC分类号： G06F9/467 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99939
摘要： A transactional memory programming interface allows a thread to directly and safely access one or more shared memory locations within a transaction while maintaining control structures to manage memory accesses to those same locations by one or more other concurrent threads. Each memory location accessed by the thread is associated with an enlistment record, and each thread maintains a transaction log of its memory accesses. Within a transaction, a read operation is performed directly on the memory location, and a write operation is attempted directly on the memory location, as opposed to some intermediate buffer. The thread can detect inconsistencies between the enlistment record of a memory location and the thread's transaction log to determine whether the memory accesses within the transaction are not reliable and the transaction should be re-tried.
摘要翻译： 事务存储器编程接口允许线程直接和安全地访问事务内的一个或多个共享存储器位置，同时维护控制结构以通过一个或多个其他并发线程来管理对那些相同位置的存储器访问。 由线程访问的每个内存位置都与一个登记记录相关联，每个线程都维护其内存访问的事务日志。 在事务中，直接对存储器位置执行读取操作，并且与一些中间缓冲器相反，直接在存储器位置上进行写入操作。 线程可以检测内存位置的登记记录与线程的事务日志之间的不一致，以确定事务中的内存访问是否不可靠，并且应重新尝试该事务。
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8.发明授权Linked-list implementation of a data structure with concurrent non-blocking insert and remove operations 有权链接列表实现具有并发的非阻塞插入和删除操作的数据结构公开(公告)号：US07117502B1
公开(公告)日：2006-10-03
申请号：US09710218
申请日：2000-11-10
申请人： Timothy L. Harris
发明人： Timothy L. Harris
IPC分类号： G06F9/54
CPC分类号： G06F9/524 , Y10S707/99944
摘要： A simple and therefore highly usable non-blocking implementations of linked-lists can be provided using read, write, and CAS operations. Several realizations of linked-list based data-structures are described, which are non-blocking, linearizable, and exhibit disjoint-access for most operations. In other words, the realizations are non-blocking and linearizable while maintaining the property that operations on disjoint parts of the list do not interact, effectively lowering contention and increasing concurrency. We implement three exemplary data structures: sets, multi-sets, and ordered-sets. The exemplary implementations support insert, remove, and find operations, with natural semantics. An ordered-set implementation supports an additional removeGE operation.
摘要翻译： 可以使用读取，写入和CAS操作来提供链接列表的简单且因此高度可用的非阻塞实现。 描述了基于链表的数据结构的几种实现，对于大多数操作，它们是非阻塞的，可线性化的，并且表现出不相交的访问。 换句话说，实现是非阻塞和线性化的，同时保持列表不相交部分的操作不相互作用，有效降低争用并增加并发性的属性。 我们实现了三个典型的数据结构：集合，多集和有序集。 示例性实现支持使用自然语义插入，删除和查找操作。 有序集实现支持额外的removeGE操作。
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公开(公告)号：US08225297B2
公开(公告)日：2012-07-17
申请号：US11890448
申请日：2007-08-06
申请人： Jan Gray , Timothy L. Harris , James Larus , Burton Smith
发明人： Jan Gray , Timothy L. Harris , James Larus , Burton Smith
IPC分类号： G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F12/084
摘要： Various technologies and techniques are disclosed for providing software accessible metadata on a cache of a central processing unit. A multiprocessor has at least one central processing unit. The central processing unit has a cache with cache lines that are augmented by cache metadata. The cache metadata includes software-controlled metadata identifiers that allow multiple logical processors to share the cache metadata. The metadata identifiers and cache metadata can then be used to accelerate various operations. For example, parallel computations can be accelerated using cache metadata and metadata identifiers. As another example, nested computations can be accelerated using metadata identifiers and cache metadata. As yet another example, transactional memory applications that include parallelism within transactions or that include nested transactions can be also accelerated using cache metadata and metadata identifiers.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于在中央处理单元的高速缓存上提供软件可访问元数据的各种技术和技术。 多处理器具有至少一个中央处理单元。 中央处理单元具有高速缓存，缓存线通过高速缓存元数据增强。 高速缓存元数据包括允许多个逻辑处理器共享缓存元数据的软件控制的元数据标识符。 然后可以使用元数据标识符和缓存元数据来加速各种操作。 例如，可以使用缓存元数据和元数据标识符来加速并行计算。 作为另一个例子，可以使用元数据标识符和缓存元数据来加速嵌套计算。 作为又一示例，还可以使用高速缓存元数据和元数据标识符来加速包括事务内并行性或包括嵌套事务的事务性存储器应用。
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公开(公告)号：US08001538B2
公开(公告)日：2011-08-16
申请号：US11811148
申请日：2007-06-08
申请人： Jan Gray , Timothy L. Harris , James Larus , Burton Smith
发明人： Jan Gray , Timothy L. Harris , James Larus , Burton Smith
IPC分类号： G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F12/0802 , G06F9/30021 , G06F9/3004 , G06F9/30043 , G06F9/30047 , G06F9/30181 , G06F9/3802 , G06F9/3834 , G06F12/0842
摘要： Various technologies and techniques are disclosed for providing software accessible metadata on a cache of a central processing unit. The metadata can include at least some bits for each virtual address, at least some bits for each cache line, and at least some bits for the cache overall. An instruction set architecture on the central processing unit is provided that includes additional instructions for interacting with the metadata. New side effects that are introduced into an operation of the central processing unit by a presence of the metadata and the additional instructions. The metadata can be accessed by at least one software program to facilitate an operation of the software program.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于在中央处理单元的高速缓存上提供软件可访问元数据的各种技术和技术。 元数据可以包括用于每个虚拟地址的至少一些比特，每个高速缓存行的至少一些比特，以及总体上的至少一些比特。 提供了中央处理单元上的指令集架构，其包括与元数据交互的附加指令。 通过存在元数据和附加指令将新的副作用引入到中央处理单元的操作中。 元数据可以由至少一个软件程序访问以便于软件程序的操作。
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