Abstract:
An apparatus for electrochemical modification of liquid streams employing an electrolytic cell which includes an anode compartment defined by an anode structure where oxidation is effected, containing a liquid electrolyte anolyte, and a cathode compartment defined by a cathode structure where reduction is effected containing a liquid electrolyte catholyte. In addition, the electrolytic cell includes at least one additional compartment arranged at least partially between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment and separated from the anode compartment and the cathode compartment by a separator structure arranged to supports ionic conduction of current between the anode structure and the cathode structure.
Abstract:
Methods, apparatus, and applications for the on-site production of hydrogen peroxide are described. An embodiment of the apparatus comprises at least one anolyte chamber coupled to at least one anode, at least one catholyte chamber, wherein the at least one catholyte chamber is coupled to at least one cathode, at least one anode membrane and at least one cathode membrane, wherein the anode membrane is adjacent to the at least one anode, wherein the cathode membrane is adjacent to the at least one cathode, at least one central chamber disposed between the at least one anolyte chamber and the at least one catholyte chamber. Hydrogen peroxide is produced by reduction of an oxygen-containing gas at the cathode.
Abstract:
An apparatus for electrochemical modification of liquid streams employing an electrolytic cell which includes an anode compartment defined by an anode structure where oxidation is effected, containing a liquid electrolyte anolyte, and a cathode compartment defined by a cathode structure where reduction is effected containing a liquid electrolyte catholyte. In addition, the electrolytic cell includes at least one additional compartment arranged at least partially between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment and separated from the anode compartment and the cathode compartment by a separator structure arranged to supports ionic conduction of current between the anode structure and the cathode structure.
Abstract:
An apparatus including at least one electrolytic cell having at least one electrode compartment structured to contain a liquid electrolyte and a plurality of electrically conducting particulates forming a particulate bed, at least one reaction region structured to support electrochemical reactions, at least one collection region structured to facilitate collection of electrically conducting particulates, at least one feeding region structured to facilitate input of electrically conducting particulates, at least one actuation module arranged substantially outside of the at least one reaction region of relevance for the electrochemical modifications.
Abstract:
An apparatus including at least one electrolytic cell having at least one electrode compartment structured to contain a liquid electrolyte and a plurality of electrically conducting particulates forming a particulate bed, at least one reaction region structured to support electrochemical reactions, at least one collection region structured to facilitate collection of electrically conducting particulates, at least one feeding region structured to facilitate input of electrically conducting particulates, at least one actuation module arranged substantially outside of the at least one reaction region of relevance for the electrochemical modifications.
Abstract:
A method for extraction of target components from raw liquid streams includes steps of providing at least one electrochemical cell arranged to support redox reactions resulting in electrochemical change of oxidation states and concentration of at least one ionized target component, and to control at least one pH value of at least one electrolyte in the at least one electrochemical cell; introducing a raw liquid stream comprising a combination of constituent ionic species into the at least one electrochemical cell; operating the at least one electrochemical cell to change concentrations of at least two oxidation states of at least one targeted ionic species from the constituent ionic species; operating the at least one electrochemical cell to maintain a predetermined range of pH of the at least one electrolyte and to eliminate at least one target component pertinent to the at least one oxidation state of the targeted ionic species.
Abstract:
A method for extraction of target components from raw liquid streams includes steps of providing at least one electrochemical cell arranged to support redox reactions resulting in electrochemical change of oxidation states and concentration of at least one ionized target component, and to control at least one pH value of at least one electrolyte in the at least one electrochemical cell; introducing a raw liquid stream comprising a combination of constituent ionic species into the at least one electrochemical cell; operating the at least one electrochemical cell to change concentrations of at least two oxidation states of at least one targeted ionic species from the constituent ionic species; operating the at least one electrochemical cell to maintain a predetermined range of pH of the at least one electrolyte and to eliminate at least one target component pertinent to the at least one oxidation state of the targeted ionic species.
Abstract:
An apparatus for electrochemical modification of liquid streams employing an electrolytic cell having an oxidation site defined by an anode, an anode compartment comprising liquid electrolyte anolyte where oxidation is effected, a cathode compartment comprising liquid electrolyte catholyte where reduction is effected, a cathode comprising conducting cathode particulates forming a cathode particulates bed and a current feeder device in at least intermittent contact with said cathode particulates where the cathode particulates are in motion and the particulates motion is substantially independent of bulk electrolyte flow, a separator which confines the cathode particulates to the cathode compartment, constrains electrolyte flow through the cathode particulates bed and permits ionic conduction of current between the anode and cathode, a cathode particulates conveyance system arranged to manipulate cathode particulates motion including a magnetic subsystem having at least one source of magnetic field arranged to interact with cathode particulates via magnetic field interaction.
Abstract:
An apparatus and a method for electrochemical modification of liquid streams using at least one anode and cathode assemblies arranged to contain liquid electrolytes anolyte and catholyte, a plurality of electrically conducting anode and cathode particulates forming anode and cathode particulate beds, and current feeder and current collector devices in contact with the particulate bed, where the anode particulates and cathode particulates are in motion substantially independent of bulk electrolytes flow.
Abstract:
A method for electrochemical modification of liquid streams employing an electrolytic cell which utilizes an oxidation site defined by an anode, an anode compartment comprising liquid electrolyte anolyte where oxidation is effected, a cathode compartment comprising liquid electrolyte catholyte where reduction is effected, a cathode comprising conducting cathode particulates forming a cathode particulates bed and a current feeder device in at least intermittent contact with said cathode particulates where the cathode particulates are in motion and the particulates motion is substantially independent of bulk electrolyte flow, a separator which confines the cathode particulates to the cathode compartment, constrains electrolyte flow through the cathode particulates bed and permits ionic conduction of current between the anode and cathode, a cathode particulates conveyance system that manipulates cathode particulates motion. A separate system circulates the liquid undergoing modification through the electrolytic cell. An unidirectional current driving system drives unidirectional electric current supported by the liquid streams from the anode through the anolyte and the separator and into the catholyte and to the cathode particulates and to the current feeder device during the contact between the cathode particulates and the current feeder device.