摘要:
A computerized on-board system for controlling a train or rail vehicle is provided. The computerized on-board system includes a train control and monitoring system (TCMS) having a main processor unit (MPU) for controlling the train and electronic control, command and monitoring equipment for providing control data for the train. The computerized on-board system also includes at least one display unit for making the control data of the train provided by the main processor unit (MPU) or by the electronic equipment available and a main data transfer network. The electronic equipment includes at least one additional item of equipment, the at least one additional item of equipment being electronic equipment for automatic train control (ATC) or video surveillance equipment (CCTV). The display unit processes the data and displays data produced by one of the at least one additional items of equipment.
摘要:
A computerized on-board system for controlling a train or rail vehicle is provided. The computerized on-board system includes a train control and monitoring system (TCMS) having a main processor unit (MPU) for controlling the train and electronic control, command and monitoring equipment for providing control data for the train. The computerized on-board system also includes at least one display unit for making the control data of the train provided by the main processor unit (MPU) or by the electronic equipment available and a main data transfer network. The electronic equipment includes at least one additional item of equipment, the at least one additional item of equipment being electronic equipment for automatic train control (ATC) or video surveillance equipment (CCTV). The display unit processes the data and displays data produced by one of the at least one additional items of equipment.
摘要:
A fluid-circulation heat exchanger including a porous body, made of thermally conductive material, in contact with at least one portion of a part to be cooled. The fluid flows through this porous body. The porous body has pores which generate directional changes of the fluid. These pores are large enough for the head loss of the fluid to be as small as possible on passage through the porous body. Application, in particular, to electron tubes.
摘要:
Preparation of carboxylic acids or corresponding esters by reacting an alcohol with carbon monoxide in the presence of an iridium catalyst and a halogen promoter. The reaction involves a reaction mixture composed of more than 0% to 10% water, more than 0% to 10% halogen promoter, 2% to 40% of an ester corresponding to the reaction of alcohol with the acid, soluble iodides in an amount such that the atomic ratio of iodides to iridium varies between more than 0 and 10, the carboxylic acid being used as the reaction solvent.
摘要:
A method for preparing carboxylic acids by carbonylating a reagent, particularly an alcohol, in the presence of an iridium catalyst. According to the method, the liquid phase reaction is carried out in a first zone in the presence of an iridium catalyst, and the resulting reaction mixture is partially vaporised in a second zone. The vaporised fraction containing the carboxylic acid is later purified and the unvaporised liquid fraction containing the catalyst is recirculated to the first zone. The method is characterised in that said unvaporised fraction is contacted with carbon monoxide in such a way that this compound is not returned to the second zone.
摘要:
Adipic acid is selectivity prepared by reacting water and carbon monoxide with at least one pentenic acid, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of an iridium-based catalyst and at least one iodinated promoter therefor at an elevated temperature, at a pressure greater than atmospheric and in at least one solvent medium which comprises a saturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon or halogenated derivative thereof, an aromatic hydrocarbon or halogenated derivative thereof, or an aliphatic, aromatic or mixed ether, and wherein the I/Ir atomic ratio is less than 20.
摘要:
Adipic acid is prepared by hydrocarboxylating at least one pentenic acid in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of rhodium values, whether metallic rhodium or a compound thereof, and an iodine-containing promoter therefor, as well as in the presence of a cocatalytically effective amount of at least one of iridium, ruthenium, osmium or compound thereof.
摘要:
A method for producing amines by the hydrogenation of nitrile compounds in the presence of a catalyst, notably a method for producing diamines by the continuous hydrogenation of dinitrile compounds in the presence of a Raney-metal catalyst, includes controlling the molar flow of nitrile compounds and the mass flow of catalyst in a hydrogenation piston reactor in order to minimize the occurrence of impurities and deterioration of the catalyst.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for the hydroxycarbonylation of pentenoic acids. By the process, one or a number of pentenoic acids are hydroxycarbonylated to adipic acid, by carbon monoxide and water, in the presence of a catalyst based on iridium and/or rhodium and of at least one iodinated promoter. The reaction mixture obtained is subjected to a refining operation, after having optionally been concentrated, making it possible to separate at least a part of the catalyst. The catalyst thus separated is recycled to an operation for the hydroxycarbonylation of pentenoic acids, of butadiene, or of butadiene derivatives.
摘要:
At least a fraction of at least one branched, saturated aliphatic diacid having 6 carbon atoms, for example 2-methylglutaric acid and/or 2-ethylsuccinic acid and/or dimethylsuccinic acid, is separated from admixtures thereof with adipic acid, by at least partially converting such at least one aliphatic diacid into the corresponding anhydride thereof, and removing the corresponding anhydride or the adipic acid from the medium of conversion/anhydridization, for example by contemporaneous or subsequent distillation, or by crystallization.