摘要:
High temperature substance sensor, including a substrate (4), a device (6) for raising and maintaining the temperature of the sensor, and a layer like capacitor structure (38) with structure sizes smaller than 50 &mgr;m, upon which a functional layer (18) is applied. In accordance with the invention the layer-like capacitor structure (38) is produced by the following: application of a complete or already pre-structured electrically conductive layer as precursor of the capacitor structure (38) using a thick layer technique, structuring the electrically conductive layer using a photolithographic structuring process.
摘要:
An apparatus for reducing the emission of vaporized hydrocarbons in a fuel supply system. The apparatus comprises a filter for binding the hydrocarbons. A catalyst for oxidation of the hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water is provided downstream of the filter.
摘要:
A process and apparatus for selective detection of NO in fluid media, particularly exhaust gases of internal-combustion engines. This process comprises the steps of positioning a nitrosonium-conducting solid electrolyte between two porous electrodes, acting upon one of the two electrodes with the NO-containing fluid medium, and measuring a voltage difference between the two electrodes as an indication of the NO-concentration in the NO-containing fluid medium.
摘要:
In a method for identifying the state of an NOx storage catalyst which is cyclically loaded with NOx in the exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine and regenerated, two electrical defining quantities, independent of each other, of the electrically complex impedance of the NOx storage catalyst are detected, one of the two electrical quantities being a measure of the degree of loading of the NOx storage catalyst, and from the second electrical quantity the point in time being identifiable for the end of the regeneration process of the NOx storage catalyst.
摘要:
A gas sensor, comprises a substrate, a sensor unit including a functional layer and an electrode structure, and an electric heating and/or temperature measuring arrangement. An electrically conductive shielding structure is provided between the sensor unit and the electric heating arrangement in order to shield the measurement process at the sensor unit from interferences owing to the heating process, thereby reducing or preventing the effects of electrical fields caused by voltages applied to the heating arrangement from altering or disrupting the measurement process.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for preparing a Pt/zeolite catalyst material, the material itself, and the use of the material in removing carbon monoxide from a gas. In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a process for preparing a Pt/zeolite catalyst material for the catalytic removal of CO in H.sub.2 -rich gas by means of selective CO oxidation and the use of such a catalyst material. The catalyst materials of the invention can be prepared by employing Pt(NH.sub.3).sub.4 Cl.sub.2.H.sub.2 O and a zeolite material. The resulting material can be used for the catalytic removal of CO from an H.sub.2 -rich outlet gas mixture from a methanol reforming reactor. The compositions and methods to produce catalytic materials result in products with high and prolonged catalyst activity. In particular, the methods and compositions of the invention can be used in removing CO from the hydrogen fed to fuel cells in electric vehicles having stored methanol fuel.
摘要:
This invention relates to a reactor for the selective catalytic removal of CO in high H.sub.2 gas. A precious-metal-containing selective CO oxidation catalyst is applied to a metallic or ceramic carrier having a cross channel or other structure which causes a turbulent fluid flow within the reactor.
摘要:
A sensor for selective detection of ammonia in high-oxygen, NO.sub.x -containing gas. The sensor has a component part acting as the capacitor, and a gas-permeable sensitive layer as the dielectric, the sensitive layer being a hydrophobic, precious-metal-free zeolite of low acidity which has an ordered crystalline structure of primary-pores whose diameter is of the magnitude of the gas-kinetic diameter of NH.sub.3.
摘要:
The invention provides a gas sensor for selective detection of hydrocarbons in low-oxygen gases, having a capacitive element and a gas-permeable sensitive layer as a dielectric. The sensitive layer is a precious-metal-doped zeolite which has a regular crystalline structure made of primary pores whose diameter is in the order of the gas-kinetic diameter of the gas molecules to be detected.
摘要:
A method for determining the fullness or the quality of a catalytic converter that stores gases in a storage medium includes the steps of measuring a change in at least one physical property of the storage medium that changes with the storage process, and determining the fullness or the quality of the catalytic converter.