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公开(公告)号：US06259349B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-10
申请号：US09360644
申请日：1999-07-26
IPC分类号： H01K710
CPC分类号： H01C7/028
摘要： A description is given of a PTC polymer element (1) as part of an electrical component with a novel structure in which aperture angles (&agr;) on both sides of constrictions (2) in the PTC polymer material are at least 100°. As a result, an improved response behavior can be achieved, and, in connection with further features, the construction of PTC polymer elements which are more rapid, capable of carrying greater currents and have higher dielectric strengths is possible.
摘要翻译： 给出作为具有新型结构的电气部件的一部分的PTC聚合物元件（1）的描述，其中PTC聚合物材料中的收缩部（2）两侧的孔径角（α）为至少100°。 结果，可以实现改进的响应行为，并且结合其他特征，可以更快速地构建能够承载更大电流并且具有更高介电强度的PTC聚合物元件。
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公开(公告)号：US06628485B1
公开(公告)日：2003-09-30
申请号：US09762859
申请日：2001-04-20
IPC分类号： H02H504
摘要： The invention relates to an apparatus for limiting an electrical current by using a PTC resistor being monitored by a monitor circuit. According to the invention, the monitor circuit issues a signal only after detecting the status of the PTC resistor for a defined time period after a PTC resistance change.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种通过使用由监控电路监控的PTC电阻来限制电流的装置。 根据本发明，只有在PTC电阻变化之后的规定时间内检测到PTC电阻器的状态之后，监视电路才发出信号。
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公开(公告)号：US06396383B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-28
申请号：US09208479
申请日：1998-12-10
申请人： Joachim Glatz-Reichenbach , Felix Greuter , Ruzica Loitzl-Jelenic , Jörgen Skindhoj , Ralf Strümpler
发明人： Joachim Glatz-Reichenbach , Felix Greuter , Ruzica Loitzl-Jelenic , Jörgen Skindhoj , Ralf Strümpler
IPC分类号： H01C710
摘要： A protective element for protecting in particular an electric motor against overload currents includes in a polymer matrix, preferably ETFE, for example 40% (by volume) of a first powdered filler of a conductive material, preferably TiB2, so that, as in the case of a PTC element, the resistance increases abruptly at a switching temperature corresponding to the melting temperature of the polymer. Also added are 20% (by volume) of a second powdered filler, a phase transition material which, at a critical temperature below the switching temperature, undergoes a phase transition in which it absorbs heat of transformation. As a result, the response time (T) of the protective element is notably extended in a range of the overload current factor (F) corresponding to higher permissible motor starting currents. Examples of materials which come into consideration for the second filler are those with a solid-solid phase transition such as pentaerythritol, NaNO2, NaNO3 or else with a solid-liquid phase transition such as UHMWPE, quinol or, in particular, microencapsulated metals, alloys and salts.
摘要翻译： 用于特别保护电动机以防止过载电流的保护元件包括在聚合物基质中，优选为ETFE，例如40％（体积）的导电材料的第一粉末填料，优选为TiB 2，因此，如在这种情况下 的PTC元件，电阻在对应于聚合物的熔融温度的开关温度下突然增加。 还加入20％（体积）第二粉末填料，相转变材料，其在低于开关温度的临界温度下经历相变，其吸收转化热。 结果，保护元件的响应时间（T）在对应于更高允许电动机起动电流的过载电流因数（F）的范围内显着延伸。 考虑到第二填料的材料的实例是具有固 - 固相变的物质，例如季戊四醇，NaNO 2，NaNO 3或具有固 - 液相变如UHMWPE，喹啉或特别是微胶囊金属合金 和盐。
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公开(公告)号：US06515570B2
公开(公告)日：2003-02-04
申请号：US09731931
申请日：2000-12-08
IPC分类号： H01H8504
CPC分类号： H01H85/06 , H01H85/055 , H01H85/185 , H01H2085/0008
摘要： A fuse has a fuse element (6), composed of silver, with constrictions (7) which follow one another at regular intervals, and which fuse element makes contact with a combustible element (8), preferably over its entire length. The combustible element (8) is composed of a combustion compound, which is essentially of a fuel such as guanidine or a guanidine derivative and a metal such as Mg or Al and an oxidant such as KNO3, NaNO3, NH4NO3, KClO4, NaClO4, KMnO4, the proportion of which is overstoichiometric by a factor of at least 1.1, and preferably of at least 10. The combustible compound also preferably contains a binding agent such as paraffin, a thermoplastic or an elastomer, so that it can be extruded. It has an ignition temperature of between 160° C. and 260° C. and emits more than 200 J/g of heat, so that it ignites even in the event of small overcurrents and melts the entire length of the fuse element (6).
摘要翻译： 保险丝具有由银构成的熔丝元件（6），具有以规则间隔彼此相邻的收缩部（7），并且该熔丝元件优选地在其整个长度上与可燃元件（8）接触。 可燃性元件（8）由燃烧化合物组成，燃烧化合物基本上由诸如胍或胍衍生物的燃料和诸如Mg或Al的金属和氧化剂如KNO 3，NaNO 3，NH 4 NO 3，KClO 4，NaClO 4，KMnO 4 ，其比例超过化学计量值至少为1.1，优选至少为10.可燃性化合物还优选含有粘合剂，例如石蜡，热塑性弹性体或弹性体，使得其可以被挤出。 它的点火温度介于160℃和260℃之间，并且发出超过200J / g的热量，使得即使在小的过电流并且熔化熔丝元件（6）的整个长度的情况下它也点燃， 。
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5.发明授权Electrical device comprising a PTC polymer element for overcurrent fault and short-circuit fault protection 失效电气装置包括用于过电流故障和短路故障保护的PTC聚合物元件公开(公告)号：US06429766B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-06
申请号：US09767738
申请日：2001-01-24
IPC分类号： H01C713
CPC分类号： H01C7/027
摘要： The invention relates to an electric device with a PTC polymer element having a constriction. The constriction defines a web extending in a main current direction over a length longer than in the prior art, namely longer than 5 mm, preferably longer than 15 mm. Further, the aperture angle of the PTC polymer material at the ends of the web is larger than 100°. A preferred choice of material is given, further. The invention achieves very high voltage-withstand capabilities.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及具有收缩部的PTC聚合物元件的电子装置。 收缩部限定了在主电流方向上延伸长度比现有技术长的纤维网，即长于5mm，优选地长于15mm。 此外，纤维网端部处的PTC聚合物材料的孔径角大于100°。 进一步给出了材料的优选选择。 本发明实现了非常高的耐压能力。
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公开(公告)号：US06932928B2
公开(公告)日：2005-08-23
申请号：US10311006
申请日：2001-04-24
CPC分类号： H01C17/00 , H01C7/028 , H01C7/12 , Y10T29/49082
摘要： The invention relates to a novel method of producing a resistor device comprising a PTC-polymer element 2 and a varistor element 4. Both elements are molded in a common molding process using one common mold. Preferred is co-injection molding. The invention further relates to the resistor device thus produced and a current limit means including the resistor device and a switch (FIG. 4).
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种制造包含PTC聚合物元件2和变阻器元件4的电阻器件的新方法。 两个元件都是用一个共同的模具在一个共同的模制过程中模制的。 优选共注塑。 本发明还涉及如此制造的电阻器件和包括电阻器件和开关的限流装置（图4）。
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公开(公告)号：US06492799B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-10
申请号：US09762943
申请日：2001-02-14
申请人： Erkki Rajala , Ralf Strümpler , Timo Jokiniemi
发明人： Erkki Rajala , Ralf Strümpler , Timo Jokiniemi
IPC分类号： G01R2500
摘要： An electrical monitor circuit in which star points of taps on a first and a second side of a three-phase current limiting device are voltage compared. Possible applications are combinations with electrical switches, especially for power supplying and protecting circuits for electrical motors.
摘要翻译： 电气监视电路，其中三相限流装置的第一和第二侧的抽头的星形点进行电压比较。 可能的应用是电气开关的组合，特别是用于电动机的供电和保护电路。
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公开(公告)号：US06738246B1
公开(公告)日：2004-05-18
申请号：US10009800
申请日：2001-12-13
申请人： Ralf Strümpler
发明人： Ralf Strümpler
IPC分类号： H02H308
CPC分类号： H02H3/025 , H01H1/0036 , H01H9/40 , H01H2071/008 , H02H7/085
摘要： The invention relates to a combination of a microrelay switch (1) switching off small overcurrents, and a short-circuit current limiter, for example a fuse link, a PTC thermistor 16 or a power breaker, for limiting or switching of large overcurrents.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及关闭小过流的微型继电器开关（1）和用于限制或切换大过电流的短路限流器（例如熔断器，PTC热敏电阻器16或断路器）的组合。
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9.发明授权Non-linear resistance with varistor behavior and method for the production thereof 有权具有变阻器特性的非线性电阻及其制造方法公开(公告)号：US06469611B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-22
申请号：US09445572
申请日：1999-12-09
申请人： Petra Kluge-Weiss , Felix Greuter , Ralf Strümpler
发明人： Petra Kluge-Weiss , Felix Greuter , Ralf Strümpler
IPC分类号： H01C710
摘要： The nonlinear resistor has varistor behaviour and has a matrix and a filler in powder form which is embedded in the matrix. The filler contains sintered varistor granules with predominantly spherical particles of doped metal oxide. These particles are made up of crystalline grains separated from one another by grain boundaries. The filler also contains electrically conductive particles, which cover at most a part of the surfaces of the spherical particles, and/or the varistor granules contain two fractions of particles with different sizes, of which the particles in the first fraction have larger diameters than the particles in the second fraction and are arranged essentially in the form of close sphere packing and the particles in the second fraction fill the interstices formed by the sphere packing. The resistor can be produced straightforwardly and cost-effectively and is distinguished by a high nonlinearity coefficient, which is desired for a good protection characteristic, and by a high power acceptance.
摘要翻译： 非线性电阻器具有变阻器特性，并且具有矩阵和粉末形式的填充物嵌入基质中。 填料含有主要为掺杂金属氧化物的球形颗粒的烧结压敏电阻颗粒。 这些颗粒由通过晶界彼此分离的晶粒组成。 填料还含有覆盖球形颗粒表面的至多一部分的导电颗粒，和/或变阻器颗粒含有两个具有不同尺寸的颗粒的分数，其中第一级分中的颗粒具有比 颗粒在第二部分中并且基本上以近球形填料的形式布置，并且第二部分中的颗粒填充由球形填料形成的间隙。电阻器可以直接和成本有效地产生，并且由非线性系数高 ，这对于良好的保护特性和高功率接受是期望的。
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公开(公告)号：US07109560B2
公开(公告)日：2006-09-19
申请号：US10501979
申请日：2002-12-23
申请人： Ralf Strümpler
发明人： Ralf Strümpler
IPC分类号： H01L27/14
CPC分类号： H01H59/0009 , B33Y80/00 , H01H2001/0042
摘要： A micro-electromechanical system comprises a substrate (S) and at least two micro-elements (1, 2) of which a first is bistably switchable. The micro-elements (1, 2) have faces (3a, 4a) facing one another, which are produced by a structuring method and thereby initially have at least one minimal distance from one another characteristic of the structuring method. The first micro-element (1) is then switched to the other stable state (B) whereby the distance between the faces (3a, 4a) facing one another is smaller than the characteristic minimal distance for the structuring method. The micro-electromechanical system can be constructed as an electrostatically actuatable microswitch with improved switchability. Laterally and horizontally operating micro-electromechanical systems with new functionality and current-free closed relays can be implemented.
摘要翻译： 微机电系统包括基板（S）和至少两个微元件（1,2），其中第一可微动态地切换。 微元件（1,2）具有彼此面对的面（3a，4a），它们通过结构化方法产生，从而最初具有与结构化方法的彼此特征的至少一个最小距离。 然后将第一微元件（1）切换到另一个稳定状态（B），由此彼此面对的面（3a，4a）之间的距离小于结构化方法的特征最小距离。 微机电系统可以构造为具有改进的可切换性的可静电致动的微型开关。 可以实现具有新功能和无电流闭路继电器的水平和水平操作的微机电系统。
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