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1.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06638342B2
公开(公告)日：2003-10-28
申请号：US09996201
申请日：2001-11-28
IPC分类号： B01D5314
CPC分类号： C05G3/0064 , B01D53/502 , C01C1/24 , C05C3/00
摘要： A process and system for producing fertilizers with reduced levels of contaminants, and particularly a flue gas scrubbing process and facility that produce a fertilizer byproduct which is treated to remove heavy metals originally present in the scrubbed flue gas. The process entails contacting a flue gas with a scrubbing solution to remove acidic gases and produce a byproduct containing a fertilizer compound precipitate and dissolved metals and/or metal compounds. A fertilizer solution containing dissolved fertilizer and dissolved metals and/or metal compounds is then produced by adding water to the byproduct, after which the pH of the fertilizer solution is adjusted one or more times with a gaseous and/or liquid alkali to form precipitates of one or more metal species. The precipitates are then removed from the fertilizer solution and the solution dewatered to yield a fertilizer product with lower contaminant levels.
摘要翻译： 用于生产具有降低的污染物水平的肥料的方法和系统，特别是烟道气洗涤过程和设施，其产生肥料副产物，其被处理以除去最初存在于洗涤烟道气中的重金属。 该方法需要使烟气与洗涤溶液接触以除去酸性气体并产生含有肥料化合物沉淀物和溶解的金属和/或金属化合物的副产物。 然后通过向副产物中加入水来生产含有溶解的肥料和溶解的金属和/或金属化合物的肥料溶液，之后用气态和/或液态碱调节肥料溶液的pH一次或多次以形成沉淀物 一种或多种金属物种。 然后从肥料溶液中除去沉淀物，并将溶液脱水以产生具有较低污染物水平的肥料产品。
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公开(公告)号：US06277343B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-21
申请号：US09404563
申请日：1999-09-23
IPC分类号： B01D5340
CPC分类号： B01J8/26 , B01D53/40 , B01D53/504 , B01D2251/2062 , B01J8/22 , C01C1/24
摘要： An apparatus and process for removing acidic gases, such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride, from flue gases produced by processing operations of the type carried out in utility and industrial plants. The apparatus is generally a gas-liquid contactor whose operation uses an ammonium sulfate-containing scrubbing solution to absorb acidic gases from flue gases, and into which oxygen and ammonia are then injected to react with the absorbed sulfur dioxide to produce ammonium sulfate as a valuable byproduct. The oxygen and ammonia are not introduced together into the scrubbing solution, but instead are introduced sequentially and in a manner so that the oxidation first occurs in a relatively low pH solution as a result of the absorbed acidic gases. The ammonia is then added to the solution in a manner that inhibits or prevents intermixing of the ammonia with the majority of the solution, but is present in the solution when recycled for further absorption of acidic gases. This is accomplished by providing a partition within a vessel containing the scrubbing solution, so that two volumes are defined within the vessel. The portion of the solution within one of the volumes receives oxygen. The solution is then drawn into the other volume, which ammonia is introduced. By avoiding the injection of ammonia into that portion of the solution that receives oxygen, which is at a lower pH and contains lower levels of ammonium sulfite, high ammonia vapor pressure and ammonia slip are minimized. By avoiding the injection of oxygen into that portion of the solution that receives ammonia, bubbles normally present in the scrubbing solution due to the injection of oxygen are prevented from being drawn into that portion of the solution that is in the process of being recycled for further absorption of acidic gases.
摘要翻译： 用于从在公用事业和工厂中进行的类型的加工操作产生的废气中除去酸性气体如二氧化硫，氯化氢和氟化氢的装置和方法。 该设备通常是气液接触器，其操作使用含硫酸铵的洗涤溶液来吸收来自烟道气体的酸性气体，然后向其中注入氧和氨以与吸收的二氧化硫反应以产生作为有价值的硫酸铵 副产品。 氧和氨不一起引入洗涤溶液中，而是依次引入，以使氧化首先由于吸收的酸性气体而在相对低的pH溶液中发生。 然后以抑制或防止氨与大多数溶液混合的方式将氨加入到溶液中，但是当再循环用于进一步吸收酸性气体时，存在于溶液中。 这通过在容纳洗涤溶液的容器内设置隔板来实现，从而在容器内限定两个体积。 一个体积内的溶液部分接受氧气。 然后将溶液吸入另一个体积，该氨被引入。 通过避免将氨注入接收氧的溶液的部分，该溶液处于较低的pH并且含有较低含量的亚硫酸铵，氨氨蒸气压力高和氨滑移最小化。 通过避免将氧气注入到接收氨的溶液的该部分中，防止由于注入氧而通常存在于洗涤溶液中的气泡被吸入正在再循环的溶液的那部分中 吸收酸性气体。
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3.发明授权Process for controlling ammonia slip in the reduction of sulfur dioxide emission 有权在减少二氧化硫排放的过程中控制氨的流失公开(公告)号：US06187278B1
公开(公告)日：2001-02-13
申请号：US09149190
申请日：1998-09-08
IPC分类号： B01D5350
CPC分类号： B01D53/504 , B01D2251/2062
摘要： A process is provided for removing sulfur dioxide out of gases by feeding the gases into a scrubber, where they are counter-currently contacted with a descending solution containing ammonium hydroxide and ammonium sulfate so that the sulfur dioxide is sorbed into the solution containing ammonium hydroxide and ammonium sulfate and a scrubbed gas is discharged from the scrubber. The sulfur dioxide-loaded solution is collected in a sump at the bottom of the scrubber, where a mixture of ammonia and air is injected into the sulfur dioxide loaded solution so that the ammonia reacts with the sulfur dioxide to produce ammonium sulfite which is (in turn) oxidized by the air into ammonium sulfate. The mixture of air and ammonia is injected into the solution in a direction that is towards the bottom of the sump so that portions of solution containing a higher pH and higher ammonium sulfite levels than the remainder of the solution is avoided, thereby minimizing ammonia slip out of the scrubber.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种通过将气体进料到洗涤器中来除去二氧化硫的方法，其中它们与含有氢氧化铵和硫酸铵的下降溶液反向接触，使得二氧化硫被吸收到含有氢氧化铵的溶液中 硫酸铵和洗涤气体从洗涤器中排出。 将二氧化硫负载的溶液收集在洗涤器底部的贮槽中，其中将氨和空气的混合物注入装有二氧化硫的溶液中，使得氨与二氧化硫反应产生亚硫酸铵，其为（在 转）由空气氧化成硫酸铵。 将空气和氨的混合物沿着朝向集水器底部的方向注入溶液中，使得避免了含有比其余溶液更高的pH和更高的亚硫酸铵含量的溶液部分，从而最小化氨的排出 的洗涤器。
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4.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06759022B2
公开(公告)日：2004-07-06
申请号：US10064055
申请日：2002-06-05
IPC分类号： C01B2100
CPC分类号： B01D53/56 , B01D53/1456 , B01D53/73 , C01C1/185 , C01C1/242
摘要： An apparatus and process for removing acidic gases and NOx from flue gases produced by utility and industrial plants. The process and apparatus convert NOx, and particularly nitric oxide, to nitrogen dioxide, which is then reacted to form a valuable byproduct. The process generally entails contacting a flue gas with a scrubbing medium to absorb acidic gases from flue gas and produce an intermediate flue gas. The intermediate flue gas is then cooled to cause nitric oxide present therein to be oxidized to form nitrogen dioxide, which is then absorbed from the flue gases to produce a nitrogen dioxide-containing solution and a scrubbed flue gas. The nitrogen dioxide in the nitrogen dioxide-containing solution is then reacted with ammonium hydroxide to form ammonium nitrate as a valuable byproduct.
摘要翻译： 用于从公用事业和工业厂房生产的废气中除去酸性气体和NOx的装置和方法。 该方法和装置将NOx，特别是一氧化氮转化为二氧化氮，然后将其反应以形成有价值的副产物。 该方法通常需要使烟道气与洗涤介质接触以从烟道气吸收酸性气体并产生中间烟道气。 然后将中间烟道气冷却以使其中存在的一氧化氮被氧化以形成二氧化氮，然后从烟道气中吸收二氧化氮，以产生含二氧化氮的溶液和洗涤的废气。 然后使二氧化氮溶液中的二氧化氮与氢氧化铵反应，形成硝酸铵作为有价值的副产物。
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5.发明授权Process for controlling ammonia slip in the reduction of sulfur dioxide emission 有权在减少二氧化硫排放量时控制氨的流失公开(公告)号：US06221325B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-24
申请号：US09149211
申请日：1998-09-08
IPC分类号： B01D5350
CPC分类号： B01D53/502 , Y10S423/09
摘要： A wet flue gas desulfurization process for removing sulfur dioxide from flue gases. The process utilizes an ammonium sulfate scrubbing solution containing free dissolved ammonia as the reagent for the desulfurization process to produce ammonium sulfate as a valuable byproduct. The scrubbing solution contacts the flue gases and absorbs sulfur dioxide within an absorber of a flue gas scrubbing apparatus, and is then accumulated in a tank where the absorbed sulfur dioxide is reacted with oxygen and ammonia to produce ammonium sulfate. The scrubbing solution has a concentration of greater than 46% ammonium sulfate so as to have suspended solids of ammonium sulfate precipitate, preferably 1% to 20% suspended solids.
摘要翻译： 用于从烟道气中去除二氧化硫的湿烟气脱硫工艺。 该方法利用含有游离溶解氨的硫酸铵洗涤溶液作为脱硫工艺的试剂，产生作为有价值副产物的硫酸铵。 洗涤溶液与烟气接触并吸收烟道气洗涤装置的吸收器内的二氧化硫，然后将其积聚在吸收的二氧化硫与氧和氨反应产生硫酸铵的罐中。 洗涤溶液的浓度大于46％的硫酸铵，以便具有悬浮固体的硫酸铵沉淀物，优选1％至20％的悬浮固体。
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公开(公告)号：US6090357A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-18
申请号：US303834
申请日：1999-05-03
IPC分类号： F23J15/02 , B01D45/02 , B01D45/04 , B01D47/02 , B01D53/18 , B01D53/34 , B01D53/50 , B01D53/68 , B01D53/77 , B01D53/40
CPC分类号： B01D53/18
摘要： An flue gas scrubbing apparatus and process by which flue gases are contacted by a contact medium while traveling rapidly upward through a passage, such that the contact medium is fully entrained in the upward-flowing flue gases. The gases and the entrained contact medium are then redirected downwardly so that the entrained contact medium impacts the surface of a reservoir of the contact medium contained in the tank, with the result that much of the entrained contact medium is separated from the flue gases. The surface of the reservoir of contact medium causes the flue gases to abruptly change flow direction, flowing horizontally at a reduced velocity so that any remaining contact medium entrained in the gases becomes separated from the gases. After another abrupt change in flow direction, the gases are substantially free of contact medium and can be demisted by conventional means.
摘要翻译： 一种烟道气洗涤装置和烟道气体通过接触介质与快速向上通过通道的方式接触的方法，使得接触介质完全夹带在向上流动的烟道气中。 然后将气体和夹带的接触介质向下重新定向，使得夹带的接触介质冲击包含在罐中的接触介质的储存器的表面，结果是大量夹带的接触介质与烟道气分离。 接触介质的储存器的表面使得烟道气突然改变流动方向，以降低的速度水平流动，使得夹带在气体中的任何剩余的接触介质与气体分离。 在流动方向再次突然改变之后，气体基本上没有接触介质，并且可以通过常规方式分离。
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公开(公告)号：US5630991A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-20
申请号：US291212
申请日：1994-08-16
申请人： Eli Gal , Michael L. Mengel
发明人： Eli Gal , Michael L. Mengel
CPC分类号： B01D53/501 , B01D53/502
摘要： The limestone dissolution rate for limestone-containing slurries used in wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) systems is enhanced by the addition of ammonium ions. The ammonium ions may be obtained by incorporating into the limestone-containing slurry gaseous or aqueous ammonia and/or a water-soluble ammonium salt, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, or ammonium carbonate. Increasing the limestone dissolution rate for limestone-containing slurries used in WFGD systems allows courser limestone particles, lower limestone stoichiometry and lower slurry recycle rates to be employed, thereby saving capital and operating costs. The ammonium ions may be recovered and reused in the process.
摘要翻译： 湿法烟气脱硫（WFGD）系统中使用的含石灰石的浆料的石灰石溶解速率通过加入铵离子而增强。 铵离子可以通过将含有石灰石的浆料气体或氨水和/或水溶性铵盐如硫酸铵，氯化铵或碳酸铵掺入而获得。 增加在WFGD系统中使用的含石灰石的浆料的石灰石溶解速率允许使用石灰石颗粒，较低的石灰石化学计量和较低的浆料循环利用率，从而节省资本和运营成本。 铵离子可以在该过程中回收和重复使用。
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8.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06958133B2
公开(公告)日：2005-10-25
申请号：US10709453
申请日：2004-05-06
CPC分类号： B01D53/56 , B01D53/1456 , B01D53/73 , C01C1/185 , C01C1/242
摘要： An apparatus and process for removing acidic gases and NOx from flue gases produced by utility and industrial plants. The process and apparatus convert NOx, and particularly nitric oxide, to nitrogen dioxide, which is then reacted to form a valuable byproduct. The process generally entails contacting a flue gas with a scrubbing medium to absorb acidic gases from flue gas and produce an intermediate flue gas. The intermediate flue gas is then cooled to cause nitric oxide present therein to be oxidized to form nitrogen dioxide, which is then absorbed from the flue gases to produce a nitrogen dioxide-containing solution and a scrubbed flue gas. The nitrogen dioxide in the nitrogen dioxide-containing solution is then reacted with ammonium hydroxide to form ammonium nitrate as a valuable byproduct.
摘要翻译： 用于从公用事业和工业厂房生产的废气中除去酸性气体和NOx的装置和方法。 该方法和装置将NOx，特别是一氧化氮转化为二氧化氮，然后将其反应以形成有价值的副产物。 该方法通常需要使烟道气与洗涤介质接触以从烟道气吸收酸性气体并产生中间烟道气。 然后将中间烟道气冷却以使其中存在的一氧化氮被氧化以形成二氧化氮，然后从烟道气中吸收二氧化氮，以产生含二氧化氮的溶液和洗涤的废气。 然后使二氧化氮溶液中的二氧化氮与氢氧化铵反应，形成硝酸铵作为有价值的副产物。
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9.发明授权Process for the reclamation of calcium sulfite produced by a calcium-based FGD system 有权钙基FGD系统生产的亚硫酸钙回收方法公开(公告)号：US06254843B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-03
申请号：US09443814
申请日：1999-11-19
IPC分类号： B01D5350
CPC分类号： B01D53/504 , C01F11/464
摘要： A method of producing calcium sulfate with a flue gas scrubbing facility having a gas-liquid contactor that uses a calcium-based slurry to absorb sulfur dioxide from a flue gas containing acidic gases, wherein a byproduct containing calcium sulfite precipitate is produced that is accumulated in a reservoir, such as a pond, apart from the gas-liquid contactor. Such a facility is modified to produce calcium sulfate by installing an acidifier vessel and an oxidation receptacle in series between a source of the flue gas and the gas-liquid contactor. The flue gas containing the acidic gases is caused to flow through the acidifier vessel, into which the byproduct is delivered from the reservoir so that some of the acidic gases of the flue gas are absorbed by the byproduct and the pH of the byproduct is sufficiently lowered to allow the calcium sulfite precipitate to dissolve in the byproduct. The flue gas from the acidifier vessel is then delivered to the gas-liquid contactor where sulfur dioxide is absorbed by the calcium-based slurry, and the byproduct from the acidifier vessel is accumulated in the oxidation receptacle. Within the oxidation receptacle, the calcium sulfite dissolved by the byproduct is oxidized to produce calcium sulfate, which is then removed from the oxidation receptacle.
摘要翻译： 一种利用具有气液接触器的烟道气洗涤设备生产硫酸钙的方法，其使用钙基浆料从含有酸性气体的烟道气中吸收二氧化硫，其中产生含有亚硫酸钙沉淀物的副产物， 除了气液接触器之外的诸如池塘的储存器。 通过在烟道气源和气 - 液接触器之间串联安装酸化器容器和氧化容器，将这种设备改造成产生硫酸钙。 含有酸性气体的烟道气流过酸化器容器，副产物从贮存器输送到其中，使得烟道气中的一些酸性气体被副产物吸收，副产物的pH被充分降低 以使亚硫酸钙沉淀物溶解在副产物中。 然后将来自酸化器容器的烟气输送到气液接触器，其中二氧化硫被钙基浆料吸收，并且来自酸化器容器的副产物积聚在氧化容器中。 在氧化容器内，由副产物溶解的亚硫酸钙被氧化生成硫酸钙，然后将其从氧化容器中除去。
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