Apparatus and method for detecting condition of a heating element
    2.
    发明授权
    Apparatus and method for detecting condition of a heating element 有权
    用于检测加热元件状态的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号:US07668445B2

    公开(公告)日:2010-02-23

    申请号:US11495067

    申请日:2006-07-28

    IPC分类号: H05B3/80

    CPC分类号: F24H9/2021 H05B1/0283

    摘要: A control for an electric water heater detects a condition of a heating element when the heating element is not being energized. A switching module is operable to interrupt power to the heating element, which de-energizes the heating element. A detector module detects the condition of the heating element when the heating element is de-energized. The detector module senses current flowing through the heating element and generates a detection signal that is indicative of the current.

    摘要翻译: 当加热元件未通电时,电热水器的控制器检测加热元件的状态。 开关模块可操作以中断加热元件的电力,这使加热元件断电。 当加热元件断电时,检测器模块检测加热元件的状态。 检测器模块感测流过加热元件的电流并产生指示电流的检测信号。

    U+4 generation in HTER
    4.
    发明授权
    U+4 generation in HTER 失效
    U + 4代

    公开(公告)号:US07011736B1

    公开(公告)日:2006-03-14

    申请号:US10637089

    申请日:2003-08-05

    IPC分类号: C25C3/34

    CPC分类号: C25C3/34 C25C7/005

    摘要: A improved device and process for recycling spent nuclear fuels, in particular uranium metal, that facilitates the refinement and recovery of uranium metal from spent metallic nuclear fuels. The electrorefiner device comprises two anodes in predetermined spatial relation to a cathode. The anodese have separate current and voltage controls. A much higher voltage than normal for the electrorefining process is applied to the second anode, thereby facilitating oxidization of uranium (III), U+, to uranium (IV), U+4. The current path from the second anode to the cathode is physically shorter than the similar current path from the second anode to the spent nuclear fuel contained in a first anode shaped as a basket. The resulting U+4 oxidizes and solubilizes rough uranium deposited on the surface of the cathode. A softer uranium metal surface is left on the cathode and is more readily removed by a scraper.

    摘要翻译: 用于回收废核燃料,特别是铀金属的改进装置和方法,其有助于从废金属核燃料中精炼和回收铀金属。 电学纯化装置包括与阴极预定的空间关系的两个阳极。 阳极电池具有单独的电流和电压控制。 对于第二阳极施加比正常电压高的电解精炼工艺,因此铀(III),铀(Ⅳ),铀(Ⅳ),U + 4, SUP>。 从第二阳极到阴极的电流路径物理上短于从第二阳极到包含在形成为篮状物的第一阳极中的废核燃料的类似电流路径。 所产生的U + 4氧化并溶解沉积在阴极表面上的粗铀。 较软的铀金属表面留在阴极上,更容易被刮刀去除。

    Electrostatic discharge protection for CMOS integrated circuits
    6.
    发明授权
    Electrostatic discharge protection for CMOS integrated circuits 失效
    CMOS集成电路的静电放电保护

    公开(公告)号:US5301084A

    公开(公告)日:1994-04-05

    申请号:US748119

    申请日:1991-08-21

    申请人: William E. Miller

    发明人: William E. Miller

    CPC分类号: H01L27/0251 H01L27/0259

    摘要: An electrostatic discharge ("ESD") protection circuit for use in CMOS I.C. devices provides a low voltage path to and from each input and output ("I/O") pad and power pad by using the wide, low resistance metal VCC and Vss rings and parasitic bipolar transistors configured as three terminal devices at each I/O and power pad. The present invention also provides a clamp, between the VCC and VSS rings, capable of being rapidly switched into the conducting state during an ESD event so as to shunt excess bias current that could otherwise damage reverse biased junctions during an ESD event.

    摘要翻译: 用于CMOS ICC的静电放电(“ESD”)保护电路 器件通过使用宽,低电阻金属VCC和Vss环以及在每个I / O配置为三端子器件的寄生双极晶体管,为每个输入和输出(“I / O”)焊盘和电源焊盘提供低电压路径 和电源板。 本发明还提供了在VCC和VSS环之间的钳位,其能够在ESD事件期间快速地切换到导通状态,以便分流可能在ESD事件期间损坏反向偏置接合的过量偏置电流。

    Semiconductor ROM cell programmed using source mask
    7.
    发明授权
    Semiconductor ROM cell programmed using source mask 失效
    半导体ROM单元编程使用源掩码

    公开(公告)号:US5200802A

    公开(公告)日:1993-04-06

    申请号:US902516

    申请日:1992-06-22

    申请人: William E. Miller

    发明人: William E. Miller

    IPC分类号: H01L27/112

    CPC分类号: H01L27/112

    摘要: ROM cell programmed ON has N+ source implant spaced a given distance from the gate with LDD bridging the gap between the N+ source and the N channel. ROM cell programmed OFF has P+ implanted into this gap so as to completely override the LDD in this gap. The P+ prevents the N channel from forming ohmic connection to the N+ source.

    摘要翻译: ROM单元编程ON具有N +源极注入,与栅极间隔一定距离,LDD桥接N +源极和N沟道之间的间隙。 被编程为关闭的ROM单元具有P +注入到该间隙中,以便在该间隙中完全覆盖LDD。 P +防止N通道与N +源形成欧姆连接。

    Magnesium transport extraction of transuranium elements from LWR fuel
    8.
    发明授权
    Magnesium transport extraction of transuranium elements from LWR fuel 失效
    镁离子从LWR燃料中提取超铀元素

    公开(公告)号:US5147616A

    公开(公告)日:1992-09-15

    申请号:US770387

    申请日:1991-10-03

    IPC分类号: C22B60/02 G21C19/48

    摘要: A process of separating transuranium actinide values from uranium values present in spent nuclear oxide fuels which contain rare earth and noble metal fission products. The oxide fuel is reduced with Ca metal in the presence of CaCl.sub.2 and a U-Fe alloy containing not less than about 84% by weight uranium at a temperature in the range of from about 800.degree. C. to about 850.degree. C. to produce additional uranium metal which dissolves in the U-Fe alloy raising the uranium concentration and having transuranium actinide metals and rare earth fission product metals and the noble metal fission products dissolved therein. The CaCl.sub.2 having CaO and fission products of alkali metals and the alkali earth metals and iodine dissolved therein is separated and electrolytically treated with a carbon electrode to reduce the CaO to Ca metal while converting the carbon electrode to CO and CO.sub.2. The Ca metal and CaCl.sub.2 is recycled to reduce additional oxide fuel. The U-Fe alloy having transuranium actinide metals and rare earth fission product metals and the noble metal fission products dissolved therein is contacted with Mg metal which takes up the actinide and rare earth fission product metals. The U-Fe alloy retains the noble metal fission products and is stored while the Mg is distilled and recycled leaving the transuranium actinide and rare earth fission products isolated.

    摘要翻译: 将铀的锕系元素值与含有稀土和贵金属裂变产物的废核氧化物燃料中存在的铀值分离的过程。 在CaCl 2和含有不少于约84重量%铀的U-Fe合金的存在下,在约800℃至约850℃的温度范围内,氧化物燃料用Ca金属还原以产生 溶解在U-Fe合金中的另外的铀金属提高铀浓度并且具有铀锕系金属和稀土裂变产物金属以及其中溶解的贵金属裂变产物。 将碳酸钙和碱金属的裂变产物和碱土金属和碘溶解在其中的CaCl 2分离并用碳电极进行电解处理,以将碳电极转化为CO和CO 2,从而将CaO还原为Ca金属。 Ca金属和CaCl2被再循环以减少额外的氧化物燃料。 具有锕系金属和稀土裂变产物金属的U-Fe合金和溶解在其中的贵金属裂变产物与吸收锕系元素和稀土裂变产物金属的金属Mg接触。 U-Fe合金保留贵金属裂变产物,并在Mg蒸馏和再循环时储存,分离出铀锕系和稀土裂变产物。

    Method of preparing a powdered, electrically insulative separator for
use in an electrochemical cell
    9.
    发明授权
    Method of preparing a powdered, electrically insulative separator for use in an electrochemical cell 失效
    制备用于电化学电池的粉末状电绝缘隔板的方法

    公开(公告)号:US4087905A

    公开(公告)日:1978-05-09

    申请号:US782874

    申请日:1977-03-30

    IPC分类号: H01M10/39 H01M10/28

    CPC分类号: H01M10/399 Y10T29/49108

    摘要: A secondary electrochemical cell includes electrodes separated by a layer of electrically insulative powder. The powder includes refractory materials selected from the oxides and nitrides of metals and metaloids. The powdered refractory material, blended with electrolyte particles, is compacted as layers onto an electrode to form an integral electrode structure and assembled into the cell. The assembled cell is heated to its operating temperature leaving porous layers of electrically insulative, refractory particles, containing molten electrolyte between the electrodes.

    摘要翻译: 次级电化学电池包括由电绝缘粉末层隔开的电极。 粉末包括选自金属和金属质的氧化物和氮化物的耐火材料。 与电解质颗粒混合的粉末状耐火材料作为层压在电极上以形成整体电极结构并组装到电池中。 将组装的电池加热到其工作温度,留下在电极之间含有熔融电解质的电绝缘耐火颗粒的多孔层。

    Apparatus and method for detecting condition of heating element
    10.
    发明授权
    Apparatus and method for detecting condition of heating element 有权
    用于检测加热元件状态的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号:US08258442B2

    公开(公告)日:2012-09-04

    申请号:US12692320

    申请日:2010-01-22

    IPC分类号: H05B3/68 H05B1/02

    CPC分类号: F24H9/2021 H05B1/0283

    摘要: A control for an electric water heater detects a condition of a heating element when the heating element is not being energized. A switching module is operable to interrupt power to the heating element, which de-energizes the heating element. A detector module detects the condition of the heating element when the heating element is de-energized. The detector module senses current flowing through the heating element and generates a detection signal that is indicative of the current.

    摘要翻译: 当加热元件未通电时,电热水器的控制器检测加热元件的状态。 开关模块可操作以中断加热元件的电力,这使加热元件断电。 当加热元件断电时,检测器模块检测加热元件的状态。 检测器模块感测流过加热元件的电流并产生指示电流的检测信号。