摘要:
This invention presents improved combustion methods, systems, engines and apparatus utilizing H2, O2 and H2O as fuel, thereby providing environmentally friendly combustion products, as well as improved fuel and energy management methods, systems, engines and apparatus. The Water Combustion Technology; WCT, is based upon water (H2O) chemistry, more specifically H2O combustion chemistry and thermodynamics. WCT does not use any hydrocarbon fuel source, rather the WCT uses H2 preferably with O2 and secondarily with air. The WCT significantly improves the thermodynamics of combustion, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of combustion, utilizing the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The WCT preferably controls combustion temperature with H2O and secondarily with air in the combustion chamber. The WCT preferably recycles exhaust gas energy as fuel converted from water. The WCT minimizes external cooling loops and minimizes exhaust and/or exhaust energy, thereby maximizing available work and internal energy while minimizing enthalpy and entropy losses.
摘要翻译:本发明提出了改进的燃烧方法,系统,发动机和利用H 2 O 2 O 2和H 2 O 2作为燃料的装置,从而提供环境友好 燃烧产物,以及改进的燃料和能源管理方法,系统,发动机和设备。 水燃烧技术; WCT基于水(H 2 O 2 O)化学,更具体地说是H 2 O 2 O燃烧化学和热力学。 WCT不使用任何碳氢化合物燃料源,而是WCT优选使用H 2 O 2,其次是空气。 WCT显着改善燃烧的热力学,从而显着提高燃烧效率,利用热力学第一和第二定律。 WCT优选地利用H 2 O 2控制燃烧温度,并且二次用燃烧室中的空气来控制燃烧温度。 WCT优选将作为从水转化的燃料的废气能量循环。 WCT使外部冷却回路最小化,并最大限度地减少排气和/或排气能量,从而最大化可用的工作和内部能量,同时最大限度地减少焓和熵损失。
摘要:
As population density increases, the transportation of hazardous chemicals, including acids and disinfectants, lead to an increased incidence of spills while the consequences of spills become more serious. While solutions of halide acids, hypohalites and halites are safer disinfectants for transportation, handling, storage and use than traditional gaseous chlorine, the manufacturing cost of these disinfectants has here-to-fore limited their use. Economical processes are presented for the manufacture of O2, halogen oxides, halide acids, hypohalites, and halates; as well as polynucleate metal compounds, metal hydroxides and calcium sulfate hydrate (gypsum). The instant invention presents methods and processes that incorporate the use of sulfur. This is while environmental regulators, such as the US EPA, require an increased removal of sulfur from hydrocarbon fuels, thereby creating an abundance of sulfur, such that the refining industry is in need of a way to dispose of said abundance of sulfur.
摘要翻译:随着人口密度的增加,危险化学品(包括酸和消毒剂)的运输导致泄漏事件的发生率增加,而泄漏事件的后果更为严重。 虽然卤化物酸,次卤酸盐和卤盐酸盐的溶液是比传统气态氯更安全的运输,处理,储存和使用的消毒剂,但是这些消毒剂的制造成本在此受到限制。 提供了用于制备O 2 O 2,卤素氧化物,卤化物酸,次卤酸盐和卤化物的经济方法; 以及多核金属化合物,金属氢氧化物和硫酸钙水合物(石膏)。 本发明提出了结合使用硫的方法和方法。 这就是美国环保署(EPA)等环境监管机构要求从碳氢化合物燃料中增加硫的去除,从而产生大量的硫,从而炼油行业需要一种处理所述丰度的硫的方式。
摘要:
The instant invention presents methods and processes for the preparation of polynucleate metal hydroxyl-halide complexes and of disinfectants. Methods and processes are presented for complexes having the general formula Mx(OH)yHz, where H is a halogen and M is at least one metal in either the +2 or +3 valence state and wherein M is added to the complex in the form of the metal halide acid solution, the base metal, the metal oxide or the metal hydroxide. The halogen raw material in a salt form is converted to an acid via H2SO4 and/or electrolysis. Production of H2SO4 and/or H2SO3 from elemental sulfur is presented, wherein the energy of formation of H2SO4 and/or H2SO3 may be at least a portion of the energy to produce at least one of: steam, electricity, halogen gas, oxygen (O2), hydrogen (H2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), NaOH, hypohalites, halites, halates, halide acid and halogen oxides.
摘要翻译:本发明提出了制备多核金属羟基卤化物配合物和消毒剂的方法和方法。 对于具有通式M x(OH)H z H z的络合物,提出了方法和方法,其中H是卤素,M在 至少一种金属为+2或+3价态,其中M以金属卤化物酸溶液,贱金属,金属氧化物或金属氢氧化物的形式加入复合物中。 盐形式的卤素原料通过H 2 SO 4 H 4和/或电解而转化为酸。 提出了从元素硫生产H 2 SO 2和/或H 2 SO 3 SO 3,其中能量 形成H 2 SO 4和/或H 2 SO 3 3可以是至少一部分 产生以下中的至少一种的能量:蒸汽,电,卤素气体,氧气(O 2 H 2),氢气(H 2 H 2),过氧化氢(H 2) NaOH,次卤酸盐,卤盐酸盐,卤酸盐,卤化物酸和卤素氧化物。
摘要:
In the field of water treatment, this invention relates to economical methods, processes and apparatus for preparing Class A bio-solids wherein: dewatering costs and energy costs are efficient, the solids product has reduced ammonia and sulfide odor, and the concentration of solids in the aqueous solids may vary from approximately 3 to approximately 90 percent. This instant invention presents messophilic and thermophilic digestion in concert, wherein messophilic digestion incorporates strains of thiobacillus with nitrifiers to remove sulfide(s) and ammonia from bio-solids. Chemical dewatering of thermophilic digested bio-solids is accomplished incorporating a cationic, quaternized or an anionic polyacrylamide with at least one selected from a list consisting of: an aluminum salt, an iron salt, an amine comprising a quaternized nitrogen moiety and any combination therein. A quaternized polyacrylamide is presented alone. The use of magnesium oxide and/or magnesium hydroxide as a disinfectant/preservative for said bio-solids is also presented.
摘要:
This invention presents chemical and biological methods, processes and systems for purifying, reclaiming and/or recycling metal(s) in aqueous solution. This invention presents methods, processes and systems for purifying, reclaiming and/or recycling: waste sludge from water purification plants, waste catalyst form polymer manufacturing plants and other waste aqueous metal streams, wherein said waste stream(s) contains at least one metal in concert with BOD and/or TOC and/or COD. Removal of at least one of: BOD, TOC, COD and any combination therein is accomplished via a biological reactor, wherein it is most preferred that an operating pH of 9.25+/−0.50 is maintained to maximize the insoluble oxide and/or hydroxide form of the metal, while minimizing the ionic form, toxic form, of the metal, thereby providing an environment which is conducive to biological activity. Post biological reaction, metal(s) are removed from aqueous solution with liquid/solids separation. Post biological reaction bacteria are removed from aqueous solution with liquid/solids separation. In the most preferred embodiment, the metals from liquid/solids separation are recycled into coagulant manufacture.