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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4974661A
公开(公告)日：1990-12-04
申请号：US408418
申请日：1989-09-18
申请人： Robert J. Lari , Walter F. Praeg , Larry R. Turner , James E. Battles , John R. Hull , Donald M. Rote
发明人： Robert J. Lari , Walter F. Praeg , Larry R. Turner , James E. Battles , John R. Hull , Donald M. Rote
CPC分类号： B22D11/0662 , B22D27/02
摘要： An apparatus for containing molten metal using a magnet producing vertical alternating magnetic field positioned adjacent the area in which the molten metal is to be confined. This invention can be adapted particularly to the casting of metal between counter-rotating rollers with the vertical alternating magnetic field used to confine the molten metal at the edges of the rollers. Alternately, the vertical alternating magnetic field can be used as a flow regulator in casting molten metal from an opening in a channel.
摘要翻译： 一种使用产生垂直交变磁场的磁体来容纳熔融金属的设备，该垂直交变磁场定位在熔融金属被限制的区域附近。 本发明可以特别适用于在具有用于将熔融金属限制在辊的边缘处的垂直交变磁场的反向旋转辊之间铸造金属。 或者，垂直交变磁场可以用作从通道中的开口铸造熔融金属的流量调节器。
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公开(公告)号：US3957532A
公开(公告)日：1976-05-18
申请号：US481285
申请日：1974-06-20
申请人： Jack L. Settle , Kevin M. Myles , James E. Battles
发明人： Jack L. Settle , Kevin M. Myles , James E. Battles
CPC分类号： C22C1/0416 , C22C21/00 , H01M10/399 , H01M4/40 , Y10T428/12444
摘要： A solid compact having a uniform alloy composition of lithium and aluminum is prepared as a negative electrode for an electrochemical cell. Lithium losses during preparation are minimized by dissolving aluminum within a lithium-rich melt at temperatures near the liquidus temperatures. The desired alloy composition is then solidified and fragmented. The fragments are homogenized to a uniform composition by annealing at a temperature near the solidus temperature. After comminuting to fine particles, the alloy material can be blended with powdered electrolyte and pressed into a solid compact having the desired electrode shape. In the preparation of some electrodes, an electrically conductive metal mesh is embedded into the compact as a current collector.
摘要翻译： 制备具有锂和铝的均匀合金组成的固体压块作为电化学电池的负极。 通过在接近液相线温度的温度下将铝溶解在富含锂的熔体中来最小化制备期间的锂损失。 然后将所需的合金组合物固化并碎裂。 通过在接近固相线温度的温度下退火将碎片均质化成均匀的组合物。 粉碎成细小颗粒后，可将合金材料与粉末状电解质混合并压制成具有所需电极形状的固体压块。 在一些电极的制备中，将导电金属网作为集电器嵌入到紧凑件中。
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公开(公告)号：US5160367A
公开(公告)日：1992-11-03
申请号：US770385
申请日：1991-10-03
CPC分类号： C22B60/0213 , G21C19/48 , Y02P10/212 , Y02W30/884
摘要： A process of separating transuranium actinide values from uranium values present in spent nuclear oxide fuels which contain rare earth and noble metal fission products. The oxide fuel is reduced with Ca metal in the presence of CaCl.sub.2 and a Cu--Mg alloy containing not less than about 25% by weight Mg at a temperature in the range of from about 750.degree. C. to about 850.degree. C. to precipitate uranium metal and some of the noble metal fission products leaving the Cu--Mg alloy having transuranium actinide metals and rare earth fission product metals and some of the noble metal fission products dissolved therein. The CaCl.sub.2 having CaO and fission products of alkali metals and the alkali earth metals and iodine dissolved therein is separated and electrolytically treated with a carbon electrode to reduce the CaO to Ca metal while converting the carbon electrode to CO and CO.sub.2. The Ca metal and CaCl.sub.2 is recycled to reduce additional oxide fuel. The Cu--Mg alloy having transuranium metals and rare earth fission product metals and the noble metal fission products dissolved therein is contacted with a transport salt including Mg Cl.sub.2 to transfer Mg values from the transport salt to the Cu--Mg alloy while transuranium actinide and rare earth fission product metals transfer from the Cu--Mg alloy to the transport salt. Then the transport salt is mixed with a Mg--Zn alloy to transfer Mg values from the alloy to the transport salt while the transuranium actinide and rare earth fission product values dissolved in the salt are reduced and transferred to the Mg--Zn alloy.
摘要翻译： 将铀的锕系元素值与含有稀土和贵金属裂变产物的废核氧化物燃料中存在的铀值分离的过程。 在CaCl 2和Cu-Mg合金的存在下，在约750℃至约850℃的温度范围内，氧化物燃料用Ca金属还原，其含有不低于约25重量％的Mg，以沉淀 铀金属和一些离开Cu-Mg合金的贵金属裂变产物具有铀钛锕金属和稀土裂变产物金属以及一些溶解在其中的贵金属裂变产物。 将碳酸钙和碱金属的裂变产物和碱土金属和碘溶解在其中的CaCl 2分离并用碳电极进行电解处理，以将碳电极转化为CO和CO 2，从而将CaO还原为Ca金属。 Ca金属和CaCl2被再循环以减少额外的氧化物燃料。 将具有锇金属和稀土裂变产物金属的Cu-Mg合金以及溶解在其中的贵金属裂变产物与包含Mg Cl 2的运输盐接触，以将Mg值从运输盐转移到Cu-Mg合金，同时穿过锕系和稀有金属 土壤裂变产物金属从Cu-Mg合金转移到运输盐。 然后将输送盐与Mg-Zn合金混合，将Mg值从合金转移到运输盐，同时溶解在盐中的铀锕系和稀土裂变产物值被还原并转移到Mg-Zn合金中。
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公开(公告)号：US5141723A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-25
申请号：US770386
申请日：1991-10-03
CPC分类号： G21C19/48 , C22B60/0213 , Y02W30/884
摘要： A process of separating transuranium actinide values from uranium values present in spent nuclear oxide fuels containing rare earth and noble metal fission products as well as other fission products is disclosed. The oxide fuel is reduced with Ca metal in the presence of Ca chloride and a U-Fe alloy which is liquid at about 800.degree. C. to dissolve uranium metal and the noble metal fission product metals and transuranium actinide metals and rare earth fission product metals leaving Ca chloride having CaO and fission products of alkali metals and the alkali earth metals and iodine dissolved therein. The Ca chloride and CaO and the fission products contained therein are separated from the U-Fe alloy and the metal values dissolved therein. The U-Fe alloy having dissolved therein reduced metals from the spent nuclear fuel is contacted with a mixture of one or more alkali metal or alkaline earth metal halides selected from the class consisting of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal and Fe or U halide or a combination thereof to transfer transuranium actinide metals and rare earth metals to the halide salt leaving the uranium and some noble metal fission products in the U-Fe alloy and thereafter separating the halide salt and the transuranium metals dissolved therein from the U-Fe alloy and the metals dissolved therein.
摘要翻译： 公开了将铀的锕系元素值与含有稀土和贵金属裂变产物以及其它裂变产物的废核氧化物燃料中存在的铀值分离的方法。 在氯化钙和U-Fe合金存在下，氧化物燃料在大约800℃下液化，以溶解铀金属和贵金属裂变产物金属和铀锕系金属和稀土裂变产物金属 留下具有CaO的氯化钙和碱金属的裂变产物和溶解在其中的碱土金属和碘。 其中所含的氯化钙和CaO及其裂变产物与U-Fe合金分离，金属溶解在其中。 其中溶解有来自废核燃料的还原金属的U-Fe合金与一种或多种选自碱金属或碱土金属和Fe或U卤化物的碱金属或碱土金属卤化物的混合物接触，或者 其组合将铀锕系金属和稀土金属转移到离开铀的卤化物盐和U-Fe合金中的一些贵金属裂变产物，然后从U-Fe合金中分离卤化物盐和溶解在其中的铀钛金属， 金属溶解在其中。
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公开(公告)号：US5147616A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-15
申请号：US770387
申请日：1991-10-03
CPC分类号： C22B60/0213 , G21C19/48 , Y02P10/212 , Y02W30/884
摘要： A process of separating transuranium actinide values from uranium values present in spent nuclear oxide fuels which contain rare earth and noble metal fission products. The oxide fuel is reduced with Ca metal in the presence of CaCl.sub.2 and a U-Fe alloy containing not less than about 84% by weight uranium at a temperature in the range of from about 800.degree. C. to about 850.degree. C. to produce additional uranium metal which dissolves in the U-Fe alloy raising the uranium concentration and having transuranium actinide metals and rare earth fission product metals and the noble metal fission products dissolved therein. The CaCl.sub.2 having CaO and fission products of alkali metals and the alkali earth metals and iodine dissolved therein is separated and electrolytically treated with a carbon electrode to reduce the CaO to Ca metal while converting the carbon electrode to CO and CO.sub.2. The Ca metal and CaCl.sub.2 is recycled to reduce additional oxide fuel. The U-Fe alloy having transuranium actinide metals and rare earth fission product metals and the noble metal fission products dissolved therein is contacted with Mg metal which takes up the actinide and rare earth fission product metals. The U-Fe alloy retains the noble metal fission products and is stored while the Mg is distilled and recycled leaving the transuranium actinide and rare earth fission products isolated.
摘要翻译： 将铀的锕系元素值与含有稀土和贵金属裂变产物的废核氧化物燃料中存在的铀值分离的过程。 在CaCl 2和含有不少于约84重量％铀的U-Fe合金的存在下，在约800℃至约850℃的温度范围内，氧化物燃料用Ca金属还原以产生 溶解在U-Fe合金中的另外的铀金属提高铀浓度并且具有铀锕系金属和稀土裂变产物金属以及其中溶解的贵金属裂变产物。 将碳酸钙和碱金属的裂变产物和碱土金属和碘溶解在其中的CaCl 2分离并用碳电极进行电解处理，以将碳电极转化为CO和CO 2，从而将CaO还原为Ca金属。 Ca金属和CaCl2被再循环以减少额外的氧化物燃料。 具有锕系金属和稀土裂变产物金属的U-Fe合金和溶解在其中的贵金属裂变产物与吸收锕系元素和稀土裂变产物金属的金属Mg接触。 U-Fe合金保留贵金属裂变产物，并在Mg蒸馏和再循环时储存，分离出铀锕系和稀土裂变产物。
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6.发明授权Method of preparing a negative electrode including lithium alloy for use within a secondary electrochemical cell 失效制备包含锂合金的负电极在二次电化学电池中使用的方法
公开(公告)号：US4011372A
公开(公告)日：1977-03-08
申请号：US639133
申请日：1975-12-09
CPC分类号： H01M4/13 , H01M10/39 , H01M4/40 , H01M4/742 , H01M2004/027 , H01M2300/0048 , H01M4/405 , H01M4/463 , H01M4/661 , H01M4/668 , H01M4/808 , Y10T428/1216
摘要： A negative electrode that includes a lithium alloy as active material is prepared by briefly submerging a porous, electrically conductive substrate within a melt of the alloy. Prior to solidification, excess melt can be removed by vibrating or otherwise manipulating the filled substrate to expose interstitial surfaces. Electrodes of such as solid lithium-aluminum filled within a substrate of metal foam are provided.
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4409168A
公开(公告)日：1983-10-11
申请号：US266251
申请日：1981-05-22
CPC分类号： H01M4/04 , H01M10/399 , H01M2/14 , H01M4/0416 , H01M4/0485
摘要： A method of forming a component for a high-temperature secondary electrochemical cell having a positive electrode including a sulfide selected from the group consisting of iron sulfides, nickel sulfides, copper sulfides and cobalt sulfides, a negative electrode including an alloy of aluminum and an electrically insulating porous separator between said electrodes. The improvement comprises forming a slurry of solid particles dispersed in a liquid electrolyte such as the lithium chloride-potassium chloride eutetic, casting the slurry into a form having the shape of one of the components and smoothing the exposed surface of the slurry, cooling the cast slurry to form the solid component, and removing same. Electrodes and separators can be thus formed.
摘要翻译： 一种形成具有正极的高温二次电化学电池的组分的方法，所述正电极包括选自由硫化铁，硫化镍，硫化铜和硫化钴组成的组的硫化物，负极包括铝合金和电 在所述电极之间绝缘多孔隔板。 改进之处在于形成分散在诸如氯化锂 - 氯化钾的液体电解质中的固体颗粒的浆料，将浆料浇铸成具有一种组分形状的形式并使浆料的暴露表面平滑，冷却铸件 浆料形成固体成分，并除去。 可以形成电极和隔板。
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8.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4401714A
公开(公告)日：1983-08-30
申请号：US395872
申请日：1982-07-07
申请人： Neil C. Otto , Barry T. Warner , John A. Smaga , James E. Battles
发明人： Neil C. Otto , Barry T. Warner , John A. Smaga , James E. Battles
CPC分类号： H01M10/399 , H01M4/581 , H01M4/66 , H01M4/669 , Y10T29/49115
摘要： The corrosion rate of low carbon steel within a positive electrode of a high-temperature, secondary electrochemical cell that includes FeS as active material is substantially reduced by incorporating therein finely divided iron powder in stoichiometric excess to the amount required to form FeS in the fully charged electrode. The cell typically includes an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal as negative electrode active material and a molten metal halide salt as electrolyte. The excess iron permits use of inexpensive carbon steel alloys that are substantially free of the costly corrosion resistant elements chromium, nickel and molybdenum while avoiding shorten cell life resulting from high corrosion rates.
摘要翻译： 包含FeS作为活性物质的高温二次电化学电池正极内的低碳钢的腐蚀速率通过将其中细粉碎的铁粉以化学计量过量的Fe粉末中所形成的FeB量完全充电 电极。 电池通常包括作为负极活性材料的碱金属或碱土金属和作为电解质的熔融金属卤化物盐。 多余的铁允许使用廉价的碳钢合金，其基本上不含昂贵的耐腐蚀元素铬，镍和钼，同时避免由于高腐蚀速率导致的电池寿命缩短。
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9.发明授权Method for uniformly distributing carbon flakes in a positive electrode, the electrode made thereby and compositions 失效在正极中均匀分布碳薄片的方法，由此制成的电极和组合物
公开(公告)号：US4367159A
公开(公告)日：1983-01-04
申请号：US206234
申请日：1981-01-19
CPC分类号： H01M4/581 , H01M10/399 , H01M4/624 , H01M4/625
摘要： A positive electrode for a secondary electrochemical cell wherein an electrically conductive current collector is in electrical contact with a particulate mixture of gray cast iron and an alkali metal sulfide and an electrolyte including alkali metal halides or alkaline earth metal halides. Also present may be a transition metal sulfide and graphite flakes from the conversion of gray cast iron to iron sulfide. Also disclosed is a method of distributing carbon flakes in a cell wherein there is formed an electrochemical cell of a positive electrode structure of the type described and a suitable electrolyte and a second electrode containing a material capable of alloying with alkali metal ions. The cell is connected to a source of electrical potential to electrochemically convert gray cast iron to an iron sulfide and uniformly to distribute carbon flakes formerly in the gray cast iron throughout the positive electrode while forming an alkali metal alloy in the negative electrode. Also disclosed are compositions useful in preparing positive electrodes.
摘要翻译： 用于二次电化学电池的正极，其中导电集电体与灰铸铁和碱金属硫化物的微粒混合物以及包含碱金属卤化物或碱土金属卤化物的电解质电接触。 还可能存在过渡金属硫化物和从灰铸铁转化为硫化铁的石墨片。 还公开了一种在电池中分配碳薄片的方法，其中形成所述类型的正电极结构的电化学电池和合适的电解质和含有能够与碱金属离子合金化的材料的第二电极。 电池连接到电位源，以电化学方式将灰铸铁转化为铁硫化物，并均匀地分布在整个正电极中，原样分布在灰铸铁中的碳片，同时在负极中形成碱金属合金。 还公开了可用于制备正极的组合物。
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10.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4508797A
公开(公告)日：1985-04-02
申请号：US517473
申请日：1983-07-26
摘要： A passthrough seal is disclosed for electrically isolating the terminal in a lithium/metal sulfide cell from the structural cell housing. The seal has spaced upper and lower insulator rings fitted snuggly between the terminal and an annularly disposed upstanding wall, and outwardly of a powdered insulator also confined between the upstanding wall and terminal. The adjacent surfaces of the upper insulator ring and the respective upstanding wall and terminal are conically tapered, diverging in the axial direction away from the cell interior, and a sealing ring is located between each pair of the adjacent surfaces. The components are sized so that upon appropriate movement of the upper insulator ring toward the lower insulator ring the powdered insulator and sealing rings are each compressed to a high degree. This compacts the powdered insulator thereby rendering the same highly impervious and moreover fuses the sealing rings to and between the adjacent surfaces. The upper and lower insulator rings might be formed of beryllium oxide and/or alumina, the powdered insulator might be formed of boron nitride, and the sealing rings might be formed of aluminum.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将锂/金属硫化物电池中的端子与结构电池外壳电隔离的直通密封件。 密封件具有间隔开的上部和下部绝缘体环，其紧密配合在端子和环形布置的直立壁之间，而绝缘体的外侧还限定在直立的壁和端子之间。 上绝缘体环和相应的直立壁和端子的相邻表面是圆锥形的，在轴向方向上远离电池内部，并且密封环位于每对相邻表面之间。 这些部件的尺寸使得在上绝缘体环向下绝缘体环适当移动时，粉末状绝缘体和密封环均被高度压缩。 这使得粉末绝缘体紧密结合，从而形成相同的高度不透水性，此外将密封环熔合到相邻表面之间和之间。 上绝缘环和下绝缘体环可以由氧化铍和/或氧化铝形成，粉状绝缘体可以由氮化硼形成，并且密封环可以由铝形成。
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