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    Creep-resistant optical fiber attachment
    1.
    发明授权
    Creep-resistant optical fiber attachment 失效
    抗蠕变光纤附件

    公开(公告)号：US06317555B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-11-13

    申请号：US09073701

    申请日：1998-05-06

    申请人： Robert J. Maron ,  Guy A. Daigle ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  John J. Grunbeck ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Charles W. Helm

    发明人： Robert J. Maron ,  Guy A. Daigle ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  John J. Grunbeck ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Charles W. Helm

    IPC分类号： G02B602

    CPC分类号： G02B6/3861 ,  G01L9/0039 ,  G01L9/0077 ,  G01L11/025 ,  G02B6/02052 ,  G02B6/2552 ,  G02B6/3644 ,  G02B6/3854

    摘要： A creep-resistant optical fiber attachment includes an optical fiber 10, having a cladding 12 and a core 14, having a variation region 16 (expanded or recessed) of an outer dimension on of the cladding and a structure, such as a ferrule 30, disposed against least a portion of the variation region 16. The fiber 10 is held in tension against the ferrule and the ferrule 30 has a size and shape that mechanically locks the ferrule 30 to the variation 16, thereby holding the fiber 10 in tension against the ferrule 30 with minimal relative movement (or creep) in at least one axail direction between the fiber 10 and the ferrule 30. The ferrule 30 may be attached to or part of a larger structure, such as a housing. The variation 16 and the ferrule 30 may have various different shapes and sizes. There may also be a buffer layer 18 between the cladding 12 and the ferrule 30 to protect the fiber 10 and/or to help secure the ferrule 30 to the fiber 10 to minimize creep.

    摘要翻译： 抗蠕变光纤附件包括具有包层12和芯14的光纤10，该包层12具有包层外部尺寸的变化区域16（扩展或凹陷）和诸如套圈30的结构， 设置在可变区域16的至少一部分上。纤维10被保持紧固在套圈上，并且套圈30具有将套圈30机械地锁定到变型16上的尺寸和形状，从而将纤维10保持紧固 套管30在纤维10和套管30之间的至少一个轴向方向上具有最小的相对运动（或蠕变）。套圈30可以附接到诸如壳体的较大结构的一部分。 变型16和套圈30可以具有各种不同的形状和尺寸。 在包层12和套管30之间还可以存在缓冲层18，以保护纤维10和/或有助于将套圈30固定到纤维10上以使蠕变最小化。

    Optical sensor device having creep-resistant optical fiber attachments
    2.
    发明授权
    Optical sensor device having creep-resistant optical fiber attachments 有权
    具有抗蠕变光纤附件的光学传感器装置

    公开(公告)号：US06768825B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-07-27

    申请号：US09873978

    申请日：2001-06-01

    申请人： Robert J. Maron ,  Guy A. Daigle ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  John J. Grunbeck ,  Mark R. Fernald

    发明人： Robert J. Maron ,  Guy A. Daigle ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  John J. Grunbeck ,  Mark R. Fernald

    IPC分类号： G02B600

    CPC分类号： G02B6/2552 ,  G01L1/246 ,  G01L9/0039 ,  G01L9/0077 ,  G01L11/025 ,  G02B6/02052 ,  G02B6/3644 ,  G02B6/3854 ,  G02B6/3861

    摘要： A method and device for pressure sensing using an optical fiber having a core, a cladding and a Bragg grating imparted in the core for at least partially reflecting an optical signal at a characteristic wavelength. The cladding has two variation regions located on opposite sides of the Bragg grating to allow attachment mechanisms to be disposed against the optical fiber. The attachment mechanisms are mounted to a pressure sensitive structure so as to allow the characteristic wavelength to change according to pressure in an environment. In particular, the variation region has a diameter different from the cladding diameter, and the attachment mechanism comprises a ferrule including a front portion having a profile substantially corresponding to at least a portion of the diameter of the variation region and a butting mechanism which holds the ferrule against the optical fiber.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于使用光纤的压力感测的方法和装置，所述光纤具有在芯中赋予的芯，包层和布拉格光栅，用于至少部分地反射特征波长的光信号。 包层具有位于布拉格光栅的相对侧上的两个变化区域，以允许将附着机构设置在光纤上。 附接机构安装在压敏结构上，以使特征波长根据环境中的压力而变化。 特别地，变化区域具有与包层直径不同的直径，并且附接机构包括套圈，该套圈包括具有基本上对应于变化区域的直径的至少一部分的轮廓的前部，以及保持 针对光纤的套圈。

    Temperature compensated optical device
    5.
    发明授权
    Temperature compensated optical device 有权
    温度补偿光学器件

    公开(公告)号：US06621957B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-09-16

    申请号：US09699940

    申请日：2000-10-30

    申请人： James M. Sullivan ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor MacDougall ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

    发明人： James M. Sullivan ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor MacDougall ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

    IPC分类号： G02B634

    CPC分类号： G02F1/0115 ,  G02B6/0218 ,  H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/1028

    摘要： A temperature compensated optical device includes a compression-tuned glass element 10 having a Bragg grating 12 therein, a compensating material spacer 26 and an end cap 28 all held within an outer shell 30. The element 10, end cap 28 and shell 30 are made of a material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), e.g., silica, quartz, etc. and the spacer 26 is made of a material having a higher CTE, e.g., metal, Pyrex®, ceramic, etc. The material and length L5 of the spacer 26 is selected to offset the upward grating wavelength shift due to temperature. As temperature rises, the spacer 26 expands faster than the silica structure causing a compressive strain to be exerted on the element 10, which shifts the wavelength of the grating 12 down to balance the intrinsic temperature induces wavelength shift up. As a result, the grating 12 wavelength is substantially unchanged over a wide temperature range. The element 10 includes either an optical fiber having at least one Bragg grating 12 impressed therein encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube or a large diameter waveguide (or cane) with a grating 12 having a core 11 and a wide cladding, which does not buckle over a large range of compressive axial strains. The element may have a “dogbone” shape to amplify compressive strain on the grating 12. The device 8 may also be placed in an axially tunable system that allows the wavelength to be dynamically tuned while remaining athermal. In addition to a grating, the device may be an athermal laser, DFB laser, etc. Also, the entire device 8 may be all made of monolithic glass materials.

    摘要翻译： 温度补偿光学器件包括其中具有布拉格光栅12的压缩调谐玻璃元件10，补偿材料间隔件26和端盖28，所述补偿材料间隔件26和端盖28都保持在外壳30内。元件10，端帽28和壳体30被制成 具有低热膨胀系数（CTE）的材料，例如二氧化硅，石英等，并且间隔物26由具有较高CTE（例如金属，Pyrex，陶瓷等）的材料制成。 选择间隔件26的材料和长度L5以抵消由于温度引起的向上光栅波长偏移。 随着温度升高，间隔件26比二氧化硅结构膨胀得更快，导致施加在元件10上的压缩应变，其将光栅12的波长向下移动以平衡本征温度，从而引起波长向上移动。 结果，光栅12的波长在宽温度范围内基本上不变。 元件10包括具有至少一个布拉格光栅12的光纤，该光纤封装在玻璃毛细管或大直径波导（或甘蔗）的至少一部分内并与其融合，其中光栅12具有芯11和 宽的包层，其在大范围的压缩轴向应变下不扣合。 元件可以具有“狗骨”形状以放大光栅12上的压缩应变。器件8也可以放置在轴向可调谐系统中，其允许波长被动态调谐而保持不耐热。 除了光栅之外，该器件可以是无热激光器，DFB激光器等。此外，整个器件8可以全部由单片玻璃材料制成。

    Contact-based transducers for characterizing unsteady pressures in pipes
    6.
    发明授权
    Contact-based transducers for characterizing unsteady pressures in pipes 有权
    用于表征管道中不稳定压力的接触传感器

    公开(公告)号：US07197938B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-04-03

    申请号：US10975745

    申请日：2004-10-27

    申请人： Daniel L. Gysling ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Robert J. Maron ,  Paul F. Croteau

    发明人： Daniel L. Gysling ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Robert J. Maron ,  Paul F. Croteau

    IPC分类号： G01L9/00

    CPC分类号： G01L19/0023 ,  G01L15/00

    摘要： A sensor head characterizes unsteady pressures in a fluid flowing within a pipe, as may be caused by one or both of acoustic waves propagating through the fluid within the pipe and/or pressure disturbances that convect with the fluid flowing in the pipe. The sensor head comprises a rigid support structure and at least one transducer attached to the rigid support structure. The rigid support structure holds the transducer in contact with an outer surface of the pipe. The at least one transducer senses relative movement between the outer surface of the pipe and the support structure and provides a signal indicative of unsteady pressures within the fluid at a corresponding axial position of the pipe in response to the relative movement. The support structure may be attached to each transducer in an array of transducers, and may include a handle secured thereto for manipulating the sensor head into contact with the pipe. Output signals from the transducers are provided to a processing unit, which processes the output signals to provide a signal indicative of at least one parameter of the flow process.

    摘要翻译： 传感器头表示在管道内流动的流体中的不稳定压力，这可能是由传播通过管道内的流体的一个或两个声波和/或与在管道中流动的流体对流的压力扰动引起的。 传感器头包括刚性支撑结构和附接到刚性支撑结构的至少一个换能器。 刚性支撑结构使换能器与管的外表面接触。 至少一个换能器感测管的外表面和支撑结构之间的相对运动，并且响应于相对运动而提供指示流体在管的相应轴向位置处的不稳定压力的信号。 支撑结构可以以换能器阵列附接到每个换能器，并且可以包括固定到其上的手柄，用于操纵传感器头与管接触。 来自换能器的输出信号被提供给处理单元，处理单元处理输出信号以提供指示流程过程的至少一个参数的信号。

    Method of metallization of an optical waveguide
    8.
    发明授权
    Method of metallization of an optical waveguide 有权
    光波导的金属化方法

    公开(公告)号：US06753034B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-06-22

    申请号：US10178939

    申请日：2002-06-20

    申请人： Milton E. Ives, Jr. ,  Thomas W. Engel

    发明人： Milton E. Ives, Jr. ,  Thomas W. Engel

    IPC分类号： B05D506

    CPC分类号： C23C18/1664 ,  C03C17/10 ,  C03C25/1063 ,  C03C2217/25 ,  C03C2217/261 ,  C03C2218/111 ,  C03C2218/31 ,  C23C18/1889 ,  C23C18/36

    摘要： A method of applying a metal coating to optical element, such as an optical waveguide, comprising the steps of partially depleting stabilizers in an electroless metallic solution and immersing an optical waveguide in the electroless metallic solution to deposit the metal coating to the optical waveguide. The step of partially depleting may include creating an electroless metallic solution having a sodium hypophoshite concentration of about 25 grams per liter. The electroless metallic solution may comprise a Fidelity solution 4865A, a Fidelity solution 4865B and de-ionized water in a ratio of 1:1:18; and sodium hypophosphite crystals. Alternatively, the step of partially depleting may include placing a dummy load into the electroless metallic solution. The dummy load may be a rectangular block of metal, formed of a low carbon steel, and may have a threaded cylindrical passage therein. After depleting the stabilizers, the optical waveguide is immersed in the electroless metallic solution for a predetermined length of time depending on a desired deposition thickness.

    摘要翻译： 将金属涂层施加到诸如光波导的光学元件的方法，包括以下步骤：部分耗尽无电金属溶液中的稳定剂并将光波导浸入无电金属溶液中以将金属涂层沉积到光波导上。 部分耗尽的步骤可以包括产生具有约25克/升的钠次磷灰石浓度的无电金属溶液。 无电金属溶液可以包括Fidelity溶液4865A，Fidelity溶液4865B和比例为1:1:18的去离子水; 和次磷酸钠晶体。 或者，部分耗尽的步骤可以包括将虚拟负载放置到无电金属溶液中。 假负载可以是由低碳钢形成的矩形金属块，并且其中可以具有带螺纹的圆柱形通道。 在耗尽稳定剂之后，根据所需的沉积厚度，将光波导浸在无电金属溶液中预定的时间长度。

    Piezocable based sensor for measuring unsteady pressures inside a pipe
    10.
    发明授权
    Piezocable based sensor for measuring unsteady pressures inside a pipe 有权
    用于测量管内不稳定压力的可压缩传感器

    公开(公告)号：US07308820B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-12-18

    申请号：US10915312

    申请日：2004-08-09

    申请人： Thomas W. Engel

    发明人： Thomas W. Engel

    IPC分类号： G01N11/00

    CPC分类号： G01F1/662 ,  G01F1/20 ,  G01F1/34 ,  G01F1/666 ,  G01F1/7082 ,  G01F1/712 ,  G01N2009/006

    摘要： A piezocable based sensor for measuring unsteady pressures inside a pipe comprises a cable wrapped around the pipe and an outer band compressing the cable towards the pipe. The cable provides a signal indicative of unsteady pressure within the pipe in response to expansion and contraction of the pipe. The cable includes: a first electrical conductor, a piezoelectric material disposed around the first electrical conductor, a second electrical conductor disposed around the piezoelectric material, and an insulative jacket surrounding the piezoelectric material and electrical conductors. The cable may be part of an array of cables wrapped around the pipe, and a signal processor may determine a parameter of the fluid using the signals. A housing is disposed around the pipe and electrical components associated with the pipe. Ends of the housing include a sealing arrangement, which provides a seal between the ends of the housing and the pipe.

    摘要翻译： 用于测量管内不稳定压力的可压电传感器包括围绕管道缠绕的电缆和将电缆压向管道的外带。 电缆响应于管道的膨胀和收缩而提供指示管内不稳定压力的信号。 电缆包括：第一电导体，围绕第一电导体设置的压电材料，围绕压电材料设置的第二电导体，以及围绕压电材料和电导体的绝缘护套。 电缆可以是围绕管道缠绕的电缆阵列的一部分，并且信号处理器可以使用该信号来确定流体的参数。 围绕管道设置壳体和与管道相关联的电气部件。 壳体的端部包括密封装置，其在壳体的端部和管道之间提供密封。