摘要:
A variable rate density gradient electrophoric gel is described which separate LDL subfractions with the precision of ultracentrifugation techniques. Also, an innovative bottom inlet mixing chamber particularly useful for producing these gels is described.
摘要:
Methods for noninvasively measuring, or estimating, functional residual capacity or effective lung volume include obtaining carbon dioxide and flow measurements at or near the mouth of a subject. Such measurements are obtained during baseline breathing and during and shortly after inducement of a change in the subject's effective ventilation. The obtained measurements are evaluated to determine the amount of time required for exhaled carbon dioxide levels to return to normal—effectively an evaluation of carbon dioxide “washout” from the subject's lungs. Conversely, carbon dioxide and flow measurements may be evaluated to determine the amount of time it takes carbon dioxide to “wash in,” or reach peak levels within, the lungs of the subject following the change in the subject's effective ventilation. Apparatus for effective such methods are also disclosed.
摘要:
A basic life support system (BLSS) includes a processing element and an output element, such as a display screen or an audio output element, for providing an individual with real-time instructions on providing emergency medical care to a patient until paramedics or other healthcare professionals arrive to take over care for the patient. The instructions may be provided as graphics, including animations, as text, audibly, or as a combination of visible and audible elements. The BLSS may be configured for providing emergency medical care to individuals who have suffered from ventricular fibrillation. Accordingly, the BLSS may also include a defibrillation apparatus, an air or oxygen supply, a respiratory interface, one or more sensors, or a combination thereof.
摘要:
Methods for noninvasively evaluating indicators of cardio-pulmonary performance of a subject, such as cardiac output, pulmonary capillary blood flow, and blood carbon dioxide content, include obtaining data of an expiratory carbon dioxide signal and comparing data generated by an algorithmic lung model to the data of the expiratory carbon dioxide signal of a subject. The variables that are input into the algorithmic lung model are adjusted until the data generated thereby reflects that of the measured expiratory carbon dioxide signal with a desired degree of accuracy. Once the algorithmic lung model replicates the data of the measured expiratory carbon dioxide signal with the desired degree of accuracy, one or more of the input values may be used to determine one or more of the cardiac output, pulmonary capillary blood flow, or a blood gas content of the subject from which the expiratory carbon dioxide signal was obtained.
摘要:
Systems, methods, and apparatus for removing volatile anesthetics from an anesthesia or ventilation system to minimize the effects of malignant hyperthermia in susceptible patients. According to one aspect of the present invention, a system for removing volatile anesthetics is provided. A first filter component placed in fluid communication with an inspiratory limb of an anesthesia or ventilation system such that volatile anesthetics will pass through the first filter component during operation of the anesthesia or ventilation system. A second filter component is operably coupled to the expiration port of the anesthesia or ventilation system such that gases passing through the expiratory limb of the anesthesia or ventilation system pass through the second filter component. The first filter component and second filter component are adapted to effectively remove volatile anesthetics passing through the respective filters.
摘要:
Systems, methods, and apparatus for removing volatile anesthetics from an anesthesia or ventilation system to minimize the effects of malignant hyperthermia in susceptible patients. According to one aspect of the present invention, a system for removing volatile anesthetics is provided. A first filter component placed in fluid communication with an inspiratory limb of an anesthesia or ventilation system such that volatile anesthetics will pass through the first filter component during operation of the anesthesia or ventilation system. A second filter component is operably coupled to the expiration port of the anesthesia or ventilation system such that gases passing through the expiratory limb of the anesthesia or ventilation system pass through the second filter component. The first filter component and second filter component are adapted to effectively remove volatile anesthetics passing through the respective filters.
摘要:
Systems, methods, and apparatus for removing volatile anesthetics from an anesthesia or ventilation system to minimize the effects of malignant hyperthermia in susceptible patients. According to one aspect of the present invention, a system for removing volatile anesthetics is provided. A first filter component placed in fluid communication with an inspiratory limb of an anesthesia or ventilation system such that volatile anesthetics will pass through the first filter component during operation of the anesthesia or ventilation system. A second filter component is operably coupled to the expiration port of the anesthesia or ventilation system such that gases passing through the expiratory limb of the anesthesia or ventilation system pass through the second filter component. The first filter component and second filter component are adapted to effectively remove volatile anesthetics passing through the respective filters.
摘要:
Methods for non-invasively determining the cardiac output or pulmonary capillary blood flow of a subject include monitoring the subject's respiration during two ventilatory states. Such a method may include determining parameters of at least one of the ventilatory states based on one or more characteristics of the subject. Data obtained from monitoring the subject's respiration, such as an amount of gas present in exhaled gases and respiratiory flow, may be used to estimate respiratory or blood gas parameters, such as an amount of gas exchanged between blood and gases in the subject's lungs or an indicator of a content of the gas in the subject's blood.
摘要:
A test system for assessing the performance of an analyzer for a gas or an anesthetic agent includes a source of a calibration gas mixture, a valve for controlling flow of gas from the source, a low-pressure tube, a sample tube in communication with the low-pressure tube, and a connector for assembling the analyzer to the test system. The test system may also include a valve for diverting ambient air into the sample tube instead of the calibration gas mixture. Additionally, the test system may include one or more of a barometer, a flow meter, an analyzer for gas or anesthetic agents, a flow restriction system, and a relatively high pressure source. Methods for testing analyzers are also disclosed.
摘要:
Systems, methods, and apparatus for removing volatile anesthetics from an anesthesia or ventilation system to minimize the effects of malignant hyperthermia in susceptible patients. According to one aspect of the present invention, a system for removing volatile anesthetics is provided. A first filter component placed in fluid communication with an inspiratory limb of an anesthesia or ventilation system such that volatile anesthetics will pass through the first filter component during operation of the anesthesia or ventilation system. A second filter component is operably coupled to the expiration port of the anesthesia or ventilation system such that gases passing through the expiratory limb of the anesthesia or ventilation system pass through the second filter component. The first filter component and second filter component are adapted to effectively remove volatile anesthetics passing through the respective filters.