Abstract:
A semiconductor integrated circuit for use in direct memory access (DMA) has two sources which communicate with a bus through a bus interface. A DMA access signal generator is coupled to the bus interface and asserts a DMA access output signal at a DMA access signal pin whenever either of the sources requires a DMA access. The need for separate DMA access signal pins for each of the two sources is thereby avoided. With targets on two separate integrated circuits, a single DMA access pin can be used for the two targets, while chip select signals at chip select pins on the source integrated circuit indicate which of the two targets is intended for the DMA access.
Abstract:
A clock source selector for selecting either a first clock signal A or a second clock signal B in accordance with a switch request signal includes three retiming circuits each consisting of two clocked flip-flops. The switch request signal is first retimed relative to clock A to give a signal P, is then retimed relative to clock B to give a signal Q, and finally is retimed relative to clock A to give a signal R. Selector circuitry operates such that when signal Q is asserted, the second clock signal B is output, when neither signal P nor signal R, as combined by a NOR gate, are asserted, the first clock signal A is output, and at other times a zero level is output. The clock source selector can be used in an integrated circuit to form a glitch-free multiplexer.
Abstract:
A semiconductor integrated circuit having a plurality of selectable pathways inter-connected to data sources and data destinations; a cryptographic circuit connected to the selectable pathways to selectively receive data from at least one of the data sources, to decrypt or encrypt the data in accordance with a key, and to selectively provide the encrypted or decrypted data to at least one of the data destinations; an instruction interpreter arranged to receive an instruction signal and to generate an output to control the plurality of selectable pathways to select from which of the data sources the cryptographic circuit receives data and to which destination the cryptographic circuit provides data. The instruction interpreter configured such that the instruction signal defines a data pathway that operates in accordance with a rule that limits the data pathway configurations which are selectable.
Abstract:
A semiconductor integrated circuit includes a processor for executing application code from a memory and a verifier processor arranged to receive the application code via the same internal bus as the processor. The verifier processor performs a verification function to check that the application code is authentic. The verifier processor runs autonomously and cannot be spoofed as it receives the application code via the same internal bus as the main processor.
Abstract:
A clock source selector for selecting either a first clock signal A or a second clock signal B in accordance with a switch request signal includes three retiming circuits each consisting of two clocked flip-flops. The switch request signal is first retimed relative to clock A to give a signal P, is then retimed relative to clock B to give a signal Q, and finally is retimed relative to clock A to give a signal R. Selector circuitry operates such that when signal Q is asserted, the second clock signal B is output, when neither signal P nor signal R, as combined by a NOR gate, are asserted, the first clock signal A is output, and at other times a zero level is output. The clock source selector can be used in an integrated circuit to form a glitch-free multiplexer.
Abstract:
A digital phase comparator circuit that determines and adjusts the relative phase of two digital clock signals derived from the same digital clock. The circuit having two inputs, one connected to receive each of the clock signals to be compared and including a latch circuit to receive one clock signal at the clock input, and the other clock signal at a data input. The latch circuit is arranged so that the output is equal to the signal at the data input when measured at the clock edge. The output is therefore a logic null1null when the second clock leads the first clock, and a logic null0null when the second clock lags the first clock.
Abstract:
A semiconductor integrated circuit for the processing of conditional access television signals, the circuit including an input interface for receiving encrypted television signals and an output interface for output of decrypted television signals. Control signals broadcast with the television signals include control words and common keys. The common keys are received in encrypted form, encrypted according to a secret key unique to each semiconductor integrated circuit. The input interface is connected to a decryption circuit whereby the only manner of providing the common keys to the circuit are in encrypted form encrypted according to the secret key. Due to the monolithic nature of the circuit, no secrets are exposed and the system is secure.
Abstract:
A digital frequency divider includes phase control of the output signal in increments of whole or half cycles of the input frequency. Whole cycle phase control is achieved by varying (logically or physically) the tap off point of a shift register loaded with a bit pattern for appropriate division. Half cycle phase changes are achieved by a multiplexer selecting one of two signals every half cycle.