摘要:
The present invention includes a technique for making a dual voltage integrated circuit device. A gate dielectric layer is formed on a semiconductor substrate and a gate material layer is formed on the dielectric layer. A first region of the gate material layer is doped to a first nonzero level and a second region of the gate material level is doped to a second nonzero level greater than the first level. A first field effect transistor is defined that has a first gate formed from the first region. Also, a second field effect transistor is defined that has a second gate formed from the second region. The first transistor is operable at a gate threshold voltage greater than the second transistor in accordance with a difference between the first level and the second level.
摘要:
Apparatus (50) for generating an output signal (fdiv) whose frequency is lower than the frequency of an input signal (CK1, fvco). The apparatus (50) comprises a chain of frequency dividing cells (51-56), wherein each of the frequency dividing cells (51-56) has a definable division ratio (DR) and comprises:nulla clock input (CKi) for receiving an input clock (CKin);nulla divided clock output (CKinull1) for providing an output clock (CKout) to a subsequent frequency dividing cell;nulla mode control input (MDi) for receiving a mode control input signal (MDin) from the subsequent frequency dividing cell; andnulla mode control output for providing a mode control output signal (MDout) to a preceding frequency dividing cell. The apparatus (50) further comprises a logic network (58) having m inputs. Each of the m inputs is connected to a mode control input (MDi, MDinull1, MDinull2) of one of the m consecutive frequency dividing cells (51-54). The output signal (fdiv) is made available at an output (59) of the logic network (58), whereby the output signal (fdiv) has a pulse width (( ) that is wider than the widest pulse width of any of the mode control input signals (MDin) at the m inputs of the logic network (58).
摘要:
A non-power-of-two modulo N Gray-code counter (the nullGray-code counternull) and a binary incrementer-decrementer algorithm are disclosed. One embodiment of the Gray-code counter of this invention comprises a Gray-to-binary converter for receiving an M-bit Gray-code input value and converting the M-bit Gray-code input value to an M-bit binary-code input value, IBnullmnull1:0null; a binary incrementer-decrementer for converting the M-bit binary-code input value to an M-bit binary-code output value, OBnullmnull1:0null, wherein the M-bit binary-code output value will differ from the M-bit binary-code input value by modulo null/null1 for all but one value of the M-bit binary-code input value; a binary-to-Gray converter for converting the M-bit binary-code output value to an M-bit Gray-code output value; and a clocked storage device operably coupled to the binary-to-Gray converter for storing the M-bit Gray-code output value and for providing the M-bit Gray-code output value to the Gray-to-binary converter as a next M-bit Gray-code input value. The binary incrementer-decrementer further comprises an incrementer-decrementer algorithm for skipping certain binary values in order to maintain the Gray-code nature of the counter when translated to Gray-code, while allowing the Gray-code counter to be implemented as a modulo counter of any even size.
摘要:
A prescaler (100) includes a frequency divider (102) having an input node (136) and a divider output (128). The frequency divider is coupled to a clock signal and has a predetermined divisor. Series-coupled delay elements (104, 106, 108) are coupled to the divider output and to the clock signal. Each delay element includes a delayed output (130, 132, 134) and adds a delay equal to the clock period at the delayed output. The prescaler also includes transmission gates (112, 114, 116), each transmission gate coupled between the input node and the delayed output of a corresponding one of the delay elements. When one of the transmission gates is enabled and couples the delayed output of an nth one of the delay elements to the input node, the divider output frequency equals the clock frequency divided by the predetermined divisor plus n.
摘要:
A method including frequency dividing a high-frequency clock signal into a divided frequency, and further dividing the divided frequency into another divided frequency in accordance with a data input (DIN).
摘要:
A PLL frequency multiplier is provided having a latency substantially equal to the wake-up time of the PLL. An operative clock signal is provided to a processor while the PLL is acquiring phase lock by insuring that the clock signal does not contain frequencies above a target frequency of a PLL and below a predetermined threshold frequency. In particular, a frequency divider and a frequency detector are provided to prevent the frequency of the clock signal from operating outside the range defined by the threshold and target frequencies.
摘要:
Apparatus comprising a frequency dividing cell (42) with a prescaler logic, an end-of-cycle logic, a clock input for receiving an input clock (CKin) with frequency fn, a clock output for providing an output clock (CKout) with frequency fm to a subsequent cell (43), a mode control input for receiving a mode control input signal (MDin) from the subsequent cell (43), and a mode control output for providing a mode control output signal (MDout) to a preceding cell (41). The end-of-cycle logic of the frequency dividing cell (42) has a switchable tail current source. This switchable tail current source allows the biasing current of the end-of-cycle logic to be switched off in order to save power.
摘要:
A method for post-fabrication modification of the snap actuation properties of a thermally responsive bimetallic actuator by exposing a pre-formed bimetallic actuator to laser energy, thereby permanently altering the thermal response properties of the bimetallic actuator, and a thermally responsive bimetallic actuator having snap actuation properties developed according to the method.
摘要:
Optimizing statistics counter use is disclosed. A total number of counter bits to be used to track two or more statistics is determined. The total number of counter bits is allocated among the two or more statistics to provide for each statistic a counter comprising the number of bits allocated for that statistic, the allocation being such that each counter overflows at a rate desired for that counter. The overflow rates may be balanced, such that each counter overflows at approximately the same rate.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for compensating for current-change induced voltage changes is disclosed. In one embodiment, a digital throttle unit coupled to an instruction pipeline may generate a compensating current signal, which may then cause a dummy load to consume a compensating current. In another embodiment, a counter responsive to changes in clock frequency may generate a ramp current signal, which may then cause a dummy load to consume a current corresponding to the ramp current signal.