摘要:
Xylyleneglycol is produced by diazotization reaction of xylylenediamine in the presence of more than 5 parts by weight of water per 1 part of xylylenediamine, while maintaining the PH of the reaction mixture in the range of 1.5 to 5.0.
摘要:
In a process for producing aromatic aldehydes by reacting chlorinated methylbenzenes with nitric acid, the improvement wherein a lead compound is added to the residue left after separation and recovery of the resulting aromatic aldehydes from the reaction mixture thereby to remove a chlorine ion present in the residue as a precipitate of lead chloride, and the residue left after removal of the lead chloride is recycled to the reaction of the chlorinated methylbenzenes with nitric acid.
摘要:
A process for producing perchloromethylbenzene by reacting a methylbenzene selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formula ##STR1## WHEREIN X is a chlorine or bromine atom, m is a number of 0, 1 or 2, and n is an integer of 1 to 3,And compounds of the above formula wherein the side chain methyl group is partially chlorinated, with chlorine under the irradiation of light containing ultraviolet rays, characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of said perchloromethylbenzene in the reaction system as a solvent.
摘要:
A batchwise or continuous process for producing isophthaloyl dichloride or terephthaloyl dichloride having a high purity which comprises, in combination, (1) a first step of producing .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.',.alpha.'-hexachloroxylene by reacting meta- or para-xylene with chlorine under the irradiation of ultraviolet-containing rays, the reaction being carried out in the presence of, as a solvent, .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.',.alpha.'-hexachloroxylene added at the outset of the reaction; (2) a second step of producing isophthaloyl dichloride or terephthaloyl dichloride by reacting the .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.',.alpha.'-hexachloroxylene obtained in the first step with isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid; and (3) a third step of purifying the isophthaloyl dichloride or terephthaloyl dichloride obtained in the second step by dissolving the isophthaloyl dichloride or terephthaloyl dichloride in 0.3 to 6 parts by weight; per part by weight of the phthaloyl dichloride, of C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, and cooling the solution to a temperature of the specified range thereby to recrystallize the phthaloyl dichloride.
摘要:
A semiconductor laser device is formed by laminating optical confinement layers and active layers so as to dispose each of said active layers between said optical confinement layers, wherein one of the opposite ends perpendicular to the junction planes of the individual layers in the semiconductor multi-layer film is coated with a low reflection film and the other of the ends is coated with a high reflection film, wherein the low reflection film is an Al2O3 film having a resistivity of 1×1012 &OHgr;·m or more, preferably 1×1013 &OHgr;·m or more, and having a stoichiometric ratio composition, which is deposited by, for example, an electron cyclotron resonance sputtering process. The present invention has realized a semiconductor laser device exhibiting a prolonged duration of operating life and having high driving reliability, which is advantageous in that a catastrophic optical damage hardly occurs and a lowering of the optical output after driving at a constant current is suppressed, and thus, it is preferably used as an optical transmitter for the optical communication.
摘要翻译:通过层叠光学限制层和有源层来形成半导体激光器件,以将每个所述有源层设置在所述光限制层之间,其中相对端中的一个垂直于半导体多层中的各个层的结面 薄膜涂覆有低反射膜,另一端涂覆有高反射膜,其中低反射膜是电阻率为1×10 12Ω·m或更大,优选1×10 13的Al 2 O 3膜。 Ωm以上,并且具有通过例如电子回旋共振溅射法沉积的化学计量比组成。 本发明实现了延长使用寿命并具有高驱动可靠性的半导体激光器件,其优点在于几乎不发生灾难性的光学损伤,并且抑制了以恒定电流驱动后的光输出的降低,以及 因此,优选用作光通信的光发射机。
摘要:
The present invention is structured in such a manner that, when multivalued pixel data which constitutes a multivalued image are supplied, a predetermined number of interpolated pixel data are generated and inserted between the supplied and successive pixels. At this time, the gradient of each of the interpolated pixels is calculated and determined in accordance with the gradient of the supplied neighboring multivalued pixels. Thus, the image is recorded on a recording medium in accordance with image data including the interpolated pixel. As a result, print information processed so as to be printed by a low resolution printer can be printed with the same size and high quality as when printed by a high resolution printer according to the present invention.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus which can adjust a density comprises: a first input device to input image information; a second input device to input the kind of image information; an image forming circuit such as a printer form an image on the basis of image information which can vary an image forming density; and a density adjusting circuit to adjust the image forming density of the image forming circuit in accordance with the kind of input image information. The second input device inputs a signal indicative of whether the input image information indicates a text image or a graphics image or whether it denotes Japanese or European/English language. The second input device inputs a signal indicative of the kind of font included in the input image information or a signal indicative of a resolution of an output image which is formed by the printer.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes a feeder means and a recorder. The feeder feeds a sheet of recording paper to a predetermined position in response to a spare paper feed signal instructing the feeding as the sheet of recording paper to the predetermined position preliminarily, and then feeds the sheet of recording paper being stopped at the predetermined position again in response to a record request signal. The recorder records an image on the sheet of recording paper fed by the feeder means through an electrophotographic process. The recorder means starts preparation to execute the electrophotographic process upon receiving the spare paper feed signal. As a results, throughput is increased without causing other problems.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus which has an image signal generator for generating an image signal, an image forming unit for forming an image on a recording medium based on the generated image signal, a feeding unit for feeding the medium to the image forming unit, and a controller for outputting different commands to the image forming unit to control the image forming unit. The feeding unit performs spare paper feeding of the medium to a predetermined position before the generator is set in an image signal output enable state and feeds the medium from the predetermined position to the image forming unit after the generator is set in the image signal output enable state. The image forming unit validates a specific command of the different commands when the specific command is received during at least a spare paper feed period from start of spare paper feeding of the recording medium to start of paper feeding from the predetermined position, thereby maximizing the function of the image forming apparatus.
摘要:
The present invention is structured in such a manner that, when multivalued pixel data which constitutes a multivalued image are supplied, a predetermined number of interpolated pixel data are generated and inserted between the supplied and successive pixels. At this time, the gradient of each of the interpolated pixels is calculated and determined in accordance with the gradient of the supplied neighboring multivalued pixels. Thus, the image is recorded on a recording medium in accordance with image data including the interpolated pixel. As a result, print information processed so as to be printed by a low resolution printer can be printed with the same size and high quality as when printed by a high resolution printer according to the present invention.