公开(公告)号：US5506304A

公开(公告)日：1996-04-09

申请号：US264911

申请日：1994-06-24

申请人： Shiro Otsuzuki ,  Mune Iwamoto ,  Akihiko Nakajima ,  Masato Takaku ,  Hisao Morita ,  Takao Kobayashi ,  Toshihiko Ando

发明人： Shiro Otsuzuki ,  Mune Iwamoto ,  Akihiko Nakajima ,  Masato Takaku ,  Hisao Morita ,  Takao Kobayashi ,  Toshihiko Ando

IPC分类号： C08F279/02 ,  C08L55/02

CPC分类号： C08F279/02 ,  Y10S525/942

摘要： A process for continuously preparing rubber modified styrene resins from styrene monomers and acrylonitryle monomers in the presence of a rubbery polymer in accordance with a continuous mass and/or solution polymerization method by the use of serial polymerization device comprising two or more reactors; said process comprising(1) a first step of feeding a polymeric materials to the first reactor to carry out the polymerization of monomers in a condition where the rubbery polymer is not inverted to the dispersed phase, and a second step of adding a polymeric materials to second reactors to carry out the polymerization of the monomers and to thus invert the rubbery polymer to the dispersed phase,(2) a ratio of the added materials to the materials used in the first step being in the range of from 10 to 220% by weight,whereby impact resistance and surface gloss can be remarkably improved.

摘要翻译： 根据连续质量和/或溶液聚合方法，通过使用包含两个或多个反应器的连续聚合装置，在橡胶状聚合物存在下，从苯乙烯单体和丙烯腈单体连续制备橡胶改性苯乙烯树脂的方法; 所述方法包括（1）在橡胶状聚合物不反转到分散相的状态下将聚合物材料供给到第一反应器以进行单体的聚合的第一步骤，以及将聚合物材料添加到 第二反应器进行单体的聚合，从而将橡胶状聚合物反转到分散相，（2）第一步中使用的材料与所用材料的比例在10-220％的范围内由 重量，从而可以显着提高耐冲击性和表面光泽度。

公开(公告)号：US5891962A

公开(公告)日：1999-04-06

申请号：US527718

申请日：1995-09-13

申请人： Shiro Otsuzuki ,  Mune Iwamoto ,  Akihiko Nakajima ,  Masato Takaku ,  Hisao Morita ,  Koji Kawano

发明人： Shiro Otsuzuki ,  Mune Iwamoto ,  Akihiko Nakajima ,  Masato Takaku ,  Hisao Morita ,  Koji Kawano

IPC分类号： C08F287/00 ,  C08L25/14 ,  C08L53/02 ,  C08L33/10 ,  C08F279/06

CPC分类号： C08F287/00 ,  C08L25/14 ,  C08L53/02

摘要： A transparent, rubber-modified styrene resin comprises 70 to 96 parts by weight of a copolymer formed of 20 to 70 wt. % of styrene monomer units and 30 to 80 wt. % of alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer units and 4 to 30 parts by weight of a rubbery polymer. The rubbery polymer is dispersed in the copolymer as particles having an average particle size of 0.1 to 2.0 .mu.m. At least 70 wt. % of the rubbery polymer is a styrene-butadiene block copolymer which is formed of 5 to 50 wt. % of styrene units and 50 to 95 wt. % of butadiene units, has a viscosity in a range of 3 to 60 cps when measured as a 5 wt. % styrene solution at 25.degree. C. and possesses a ratio (Mw/Mn) of a weight average molecular weight (Mw) to a number average molecular weight (Mn) in a range of 1.0 to 1.8. The copolymer and the rubbery polymer have substantially the same refractive index. Also disclosed is a production process of the transparent, rubber-modified styrene resin, which comprises polymerizing a styrene monomer and an alkyl (meth)acrylate to a high degree of polymerized conversion in the presence of the rubbery polymer so that the rubbery polymer is formed into particles while allowing the copolymer to occur with substantially the same refractive index as the rubbery polymer.

摘要翻译： 透明的橡胶改性苯乙烯树脂包含70至96重量份由20至70重量％ ％的苯乙烯单体单元和30〜80wt。 ％的（甲基）丙烯酸烷基酯单体单元和4至30重量份的橡胶状聚合物。 将橡胶状聚合物作为平均粒径为0.1〜2.0μm的粒子分散在共聚物中。 至少70wt。 橡胶状聚合物的％为苯乙烯 - 丁二烯嵌段共聚物，其为5〜50重量％ ％的苯乙烯单元和50至95wt。 丁二烯单元的％，当测量为5重量％时，其粘度在3至60cps的范围内。 ％苯乙烯溶液，并且具有在1.0至1.8的范围内的重均分子量（Mw）与数均分子量（Mn）之比（Mw / Mn）。 共聚物和橡胶状聚合物具有基本上相同的折射率。 还公开了透明橡胶改性苯乙烯树脂的制造方法，其包括在橡胶状聚合物的存在下使苯乙烯单体和（甲基）丙烯酸烷基酯聚合成高聚合转化率，从而形成橡胶状聚合物 同时使共聚物以与橡胶状聚合物基本相同的折射率发生。

公开(公告)号：US5552494A

公开(公告)日：1996-09-03

申请号：US361489

申请日：1994-12-22

申请人： Mune Iwamoto ,  Akihiko Nakajima ,  Masato Takaku ,  Hisao Morita ,  Toshihiko Ando ,  Tomofumi Shirafuji ,  Mutsuko Uchida

发明人： Mune Iwamoto ,  Akihiko Nakajima ,  Masato Takaku ,  Hisao Morita ,  Toshihiko Ando ,  Tomofumi Shirafuji ,  Mutsuko Uchida

IPC分类号： C08F6/00 ,  C08F279/04 ,  C08L55/02 ,  C08L51/04

CPC分类号： C08L55/02 ,  C08F279/04 ,  C08F6/001

摘要： A molding of an ABS-based resin is described. Rubber particles located at a depth of 0.5-1.5 .mu.m from a surface of the molding morphologically comprise at least the following two types of particles:(1) A particles having an a/b ratio not greater than 1.5, wherein a and b represent a major axis and a minor axis, respectively, and(2) B particles having an a/b ratio not smaller than 5, wherein a and b have the same meanings as defined abovewhen a section extending at the depth in parallel with the surface of the molding is observed in an electron micrograph taken by the ultrathin sectioning technique. Assuming that the total area of the rubber particles as observed in the electron micrograph is 100%, the total area of the A particles accounts for at least 10% and that of the B particles is in a range of 0.01-90%.

摘要翻译： 对ABS系树脂的成型进行说明。 至少形成以下两种类型的颗粒的至少一部分形成在距成型体表面0.5-1.5μm深的橡胶颗粒：（1）a / b比不大于1.5的颗粒，其中a和b表示 分别为长轴和短轴，（2）a / b比不小于5的B颗粒，其中a和b具有与上述相同的含义，当在与表面平行的深度处延伸的部分 在通过超薄切片技术拍摄的电子显微镜照片中观察到成型。 假设在电子显微镜照片中观察到的橡胶颗粒的总面积为100％，则A颗粒的总面积至少为10％，B颗粒的总面积在0.01-90％的范围内。

公开(公告)号：US5473014A

公开(公告)日：1995-12-05

申请号：US34411

申请日：1993-03-19

申请人： Toshihiko Ando ,  Mune Iwamoto ,  Masahiro Kaneko ,  Kouzou Ichikawa ,  Akihiko Nakajima ,  Masato Takaku

发明人： Toshihiko Ando ,  Mune Iwamoto ,  Masahiro Kaneko ,  Kouzou Ichikawa ,  Akihiko Nakajima ,  Masato Takaku

IPC分类号： C08F287/00 ,  C08L51/04 ,  C08L53/02

CPC分类号： C08F287/00 ,  Y10S525/902

摘要： A rubber modified styrenic resin composition which can be obtained by dispersing rubber-like polymer particles in a homopolymer or a copolymer of a styrenic monomer. The rubber modified styrenic resin composition has:(a) a volume-average particle size of the rubber-like polymer particles is in the range of from 0.2 to 0.8 .mu.m,(b) a particle size distribution curve on the basis of the volume of the rubber-like polymer particles has one peak,(c) a ratio of a 5% value to a 95% value of the cumulative distribution of the particle size on the basis of the volume of the rubber-like polymer particles is in the range of from 3 to 45.The rubber-like polymer particles comprise (i) a styrene-butadiene block copolymer (I), and (ii)(1) a styrene-butadiene block copolymer (II), (2) a polybutadiene (III), or (3) a styrene-butadiene block copolymer (IV) and polybutadiene (V), wherein (I) contains 25-50 % styrene, (II) and (IV) contain 5-20% styrene, the weight ratio of: (I)/(II), (I)/(III) and (I)/(IV) is from 95/5 to 40/60 and {(I)+(IV)}/(V) is from 99/1 to 70/30 and (I) to (V) are of specified styrene solution viscosity.

摘要翻译： 橡胶改性苯乙烯树脂组合物，其可以通过将橡胶状聚合物颗粒分散在苯乙烯类单体的均聚物或共聚物中而获得。 橡胶改性苯乙烯树脂组合物具有：（a）橡胶状聚合物粒子的体积平均粒径在0.2〜0.8μm的范围内，（b）基于体积的粒径分布曲线 的橡胶状聚合物颗粒具有一个峰，（c）基于橡胶状聚合物颗粒的体积，5％值与粒径的累积分布的95％的比率在 橡胶状聚合物颗粒包含（i）苯乙烯 - 丁二烯嵌段共聚物（I）和（ii）（1）苯乙烯 - 丁二烯嵌段共聚物（II），（2）聚丁二烯（ III）或（3）苯乙烯 - 丁二烯嵌段共聚物（IV）和聚丁二烯（V），其中（I）含有25-50％苯乙烯，（II）和（IV）含有5-20％苯乙烯，重量比 的（I）/（II），（I）/（III）和（I）/（IV）为95/5至40/60，{（I）+（IV）} /（V） 99/1至70/30和（I）至（V）具有规定的苯乙烯溶液粘度。

公开(公告)号：US6060564A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-09

申请号：US574682

申请日：1995-12-19

申请人： Mutsuko Uchida ,  Mune Iwamoto ,  Akihiko Nakajima ,  Masato Takaku ,  Hisato Morita ,  Koji Kawano

发明人： Mutsuko Uchida ,  Mune Iwamoto ,  Akihiko Nakajima ,  Masato Takaku ,  Hisato Morita ,  Koji Kawano

IPC分类号： B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/18 ,  C08F2/00 ,  C08F2/04 ,  C08F4/32 ,  C08F20/44 ,  C08F255/06 ,  C08F279/02 ,  C08F291/02 ,  C08F2/02

CPC分类号： C08F279/02 ,  B01J19/0013 ,  B01J19/18 ,  C08F20/44 ,  C08F255/06 ,  C08F291/02 ,  B01J2219/00063 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  B01J2219/00162 ,  B01J2219/00168 ,  B01J2219/00182 ,  B01J2219/00184

摘要： A process for the (co)polymerization of a monomer material, which includes at least an acrylonitrile monomer as an essential component, at a temperature of 80.degree. C. or higher by bulk or solution polymerization while allowing said monomer material to evaporate. The (co)polymerization is conducted while providing a vapor phase over a polymerization mixture in a reaction tank. During the (co)polymerization, the temperature of the vapor phase is maintained in a range of from 30.degree. C. to 65.degree. C. so that the polymerization is conducted without substantially releasing vapor, which is evaporated from the polymerization mixture, to outside of the reaction tank. By cooling the vapor phase of the reaction tank and maintaining its temperature in the above specific range in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to avoid mixing of a gelled polymer in a product and also to effectively remove reaction heat at the time of the (co)polymerization.

摘要翻译： 通过本体或溶液聚合在80℃或更高的温度下使包含至少一种丙烯腈单体作为必要组分的单体材料（共）聚合同时允许所述单体材料蒸发的方法。 （共）聚合，同时在反应罐中的聚合混合物上提供气相。 在（共）聚合期间，气相的温度保持在30℃至65℃的范围内，使得聚合反应进行而基本上不会将从聚合混合物蒸发的蒸气释放到外部 的反应罐。 通过根据本发明冷却反应槽的气相并将其温度维持在上述特定范围内，可以避免凝胶聚合物在产物中的混合，并且还有效地除去反应釜中的反应热 （共）聚合。

公开(公告)号：US5311340A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-10

申请号：US51200

申请日：1993-04-22

申请人： Makoto Murata ,  Eiichi Yoshida ,  Akihiko Nakajima

发明人： Makoto Murata ,  Eiichi Yoshida ,  Akihiko Nakajima

IPC分类号： G02B5/30 ,  G02F1/1335 ,  G02F1/13363 ,  G02F1/139 ,  G02F1/1333

CPC分类号： G02F1/13363 ,  G02F1/133634 ,  G02F1/1396 ,  G02F2413/02

摘要： Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal cell in which a twisted nematic liquid crystal is interposed between a pair of transparent electrodes disposed opposite to each other, a pair of polarizers, an optically compensating element having a maximum refractive index in a direction in the plane thereof, and a thin film having a maximum refractive index in the direction of the thickenss thereof, the optically compensating element and the thin film being interposed between the liquid crystal cell and the polarizer so as to substantially satisfy specific conditions. This liquid crystal display device offers an improved viewing angle and is advantageously used in a black and white liquid crystal display.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种液晶显示装置，包括液晶单元，其中扭转的向列型液晶被插入在彼此相对设置的一对透明电极之间，一对偏振器，在方向上具有最大折射率的光学补偿元件 在其平面中，以及在其厚度方向上具有最大折射率的薄膜，所述光学补偿元件和薄膜介于液晶单元和偏振器之间，以便基本上满足特定条件。 该液晶显示装置提供了改进的视角，并且有利地用于黑白液晶显示器中。

公开(公告)号：US5250120A

公开(公告)日：1993-10-05

申请号：US802996

申请日：1991-12-05

申请人： Jun Takada ,  Akihiko Nakajima ,  Katsuhiko Hayashi ,  Keizo Asaoka ,  Yoshihisa Tawada

发明人： Jun Takada ,  Akihiko Nakajima ,  Katsuhiko Hayashi ,  Keizo Asaoka ,  Yoshihisa Tawada

IPC分类号： H01L31/10 ,  H01L31/0224 ,  H01L31/04 ,  H01L31/075 ,  H01L31/0376

CPC分类号： H01L31/022425 ,  H01L31/075 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/548

摘要： This invention relates to a photovoltaic device, such as a solar cell or a photosensor, which comprises an amorphous silicon semiconductor photosensitive layer and, as disposed on respective sides thereof, a transparent electrode and a rear electrode. The rear electrode is a multi-layer structure constructed by alternately successive depositions, each in a thickness of 0.3 to 50 nm, of two or more metals selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ag, and Au. In using such a Cu/Ag multi-layer structure or an Au/Ag multi-layer structure as the rear electrode, the thickness of each Cu or Au layer is controlled at 0.3 to 20 nm and that of each Ag layer at 1 to 50 nm. The total thickness of the rear electrode is 20 nm to 1 .mu.m. This construction insures improved photoelectric conversion efficiency and improved reliability of the device.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种太阳能电池或光电传感器的光电器件，其包括非晶硅半导体感光层，并且在其两侧设置透明电极和后电极。 后电极是通过交替连续沉积而构成的多层结构，每个沉积厚度为0.3至50nm，两种或更多种选自Cu，Ag和Au的金属。 在使用这种Cu / Ag多层结构或Au / Ag多层结构作为后电极时，每个Cu或Au层的厚度被控制在0.3至20nm，每个Ag层的厚度控制在1至50nm nm。 背面电极的总厚度为20nm〜1μm。 这种结构确保改善光电转换效率并提高器件的可靠性。

公开(公告)号：US4996309A

公开(公告)日：1991-02-26

申请号：US416611

申请日：1989-10-03

申请人： Shusaku Matsumoto ,  Yoshio Hatakawa ,  Akihiko Nakajima

发明人： Shusaku Matsumoto ,  Yoshio Hatakawa ,  Akihiko Nakajima

IPC分类号： C07H13/06

CPC分类号： C07H13/06 ,  Y10S514/951

摘要： A process for preparing sucrose fatty acid esters by reacting sucrose and a fatty acid alkyl ester in an aqueous reaction system in the presence of a catalyst, adding water to the reaction mixture to dissolve it, adjusting the reaction mixture to a neutral ph region, adding a neutral salt to the solution to precipitate the sucrose fatty acid esters, separating and washing the precipitate with an acidic water, and subjecting the washing liquid to ultrafiltration. The precipitate washed with the acidic water is spray-dried in the form of an aqueous slurry to give a dry powder of the sucrose esters having low HLB, and the concentrate obtained by ultrafiltration is spray-dried to form a dry powder of the sucrose esters having high HLB, and the liquid obtained by separating the precipitate is contacted with a reverse osmosis membrane to recover sucrose. According to the invention, purifed sucrose fatty acid esters can be obtained without using an organic solvent, while sucrose can be recovered in high yield.

公开(公告)号：US4729772A

公开(公告)日：1988-03-08

申请号：US936771

申请日：1986-12-02

申请人： Tadashi Asanuma ,  Yoshiyuki Funakoshi ,  Kaneo Ito ,  Akihiko Nakajima

发明人： Tadashi Asanuma ,  Yoshiyuki Funakoshi ,  Kaneo Ito ,  Akihiko Nakajima

IPC分类号： B04C5/14 ,  B01D45/12 ,  B04C5/00 ,  B04C5/15 ,  B04C5/18 ,  B04C5/185 ,  B04C9/00

CPC分类号： B04C5/185 ,  B04C5/00 ,  B04C5/18 ,  B04C9/00 ,  B04C2009/002

摘要： Polymer powder is separated from a carrier gas by separating the polymer powder from the carrier gas in a cyclone separator, drawing the thus-separated polymer powder through a bottom part of the separator into a hopper, feeding out the polymer powder by a rotary feeder from the hopper while controlling the revolution speed of the rotary feeder in accordance with the powder level in the hopper, and controlling the volume of a purge gas, which is introduced into a polymer powder guide extending between the separator and the hopper for the prevention of plugging thereof, in accordance with the revolution speed of the rotary feeder. The height of the top of the powder in the hopper is maintained at a predetermined constant level.

摘要翻译： 通过在旋风分离器中将载体气体中的聚合物粉末分离出来，将聚合物粉末与载气分离，将由此分离的聚合物粉末通过隔板的底部拉入料斗，通过旋转进料器将聚合物粉末从 料斗，同时根据料斗中的粉末水平控制旋转进料器的转速，并控制吹扫气体的体积，该吹扫气体被引入到在隔板和料斗之间延伸的聚合物粉末导向件中以防止堵塞 根据旋转进给器的转速。 料斗中粉末顶部的高度保持在预定的恒定水平。

公开(公告)号：US06297443B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-02

申请号：US09269400

申请日：1999-03-26

申请人： Akihiko Nakajima ,  Masashi Yoshimi ,  Takayuki Suzuki ,  Kenji Yamamoto

发明人： Akihiko Nakajima ,  Masashi Yoshimi ,  Takayuki Suzuki ,  Kenji Yamamoto

IPC分类号： H01L310368

CPC分类号： H01L31/076 ,  H01L31/02363 ,  H01L31/02366 ,  H01L31/056 ,  H01L31/075 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/548

摘要： A thin film photoelectric converter includes a polycrystalline photoelectric conversion layer (4) and a metal thin film (3) covering one main surface of the polycrystalline photoelectric layer. Polycrystalline photoelectric conversion layer (4) has an average thickness in the range from 0.5 to 20 &mgr;m and at least one of main surfaces of polycrystalline photoelectric conversion layer (4) has a textured surface structure. The textured structure has fine unevenness with level differences smaller than half of the thickness of polycrystalline photoelectric conversion layer (4) and substantially in the range from 0.05 to 3 &mgr;m.

摘要翻译： 薄膜光电转换器包括多晶光电转换层（4）和覆盖多晶光电层的一个主表面的金属薄膜（3）。 多晶光电转换层（4）的平均厚度为0.5〜20μm，多晶光电转换层（4）的至少一个主表面具有纹理表面结构。 纹理结构具有微小的不均匀性，其水平差小于多晶光电转换层（4）的厚度的一半，并且基本上在0.05至3μm的范围内。