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1.发明授权Flexible clock and data recovery module for a DWDM optical communication system with multiple clock rates 失效灵活的时钟和数据恢复模块，用于具有多个时钟速率的DWDM光通信系统公开(公告)号：US06298103B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-02
申请号：US09098410
申请日：1998-06-16
申请人： Shouhua Huang , Bar-Giora Goldberg
发明人： Shouhua Huang , Bar-Giora Goldberg
IPC分类号： H04L700
摘要： A Clock timing and Data Recovery (CDR) circuit for reconstructing a clock signal from a high speed data signal that contains no clock signal, such as data in a Non-Return-to-Zero format, and is particularly suitable for high data rate optical communication systems. The circuit uses a reference clock with a frequency that is sufficiently close to the data rate, to keep the circuit tuned to the correct frequency even when input data is absent. When input data is present, a quadrature downconverter mixes the reference clock with a series of pulses corresponding to the transition points of the data signal to produce two intermediate signals. These intermediate signals each go through baseband or intermediate band filters, whose outputs are then quadrature modulated to produce the correct output clock signal. Since the filters operate in a much lower frequency range than the associated data rate, the filters can be comparatively simple and economical, and exhibit superior resistance to aging and environmental effects. A wide range of data rates can be accommodated just by changing the frequency of the reference clock, without having to change the filter parameters. For networks that permit a variety of data rates to be used, automatic data rate detection can allow the correct reference clock frequency to be determined and selected for each incoming data message.
摘要翻译： 时钟定时和数据恢复（CDR）电路，用于从不包含非归零格式的数据的时钟信号的高速数据信号中重构时钟信号，特别适用于高数据速率光 通讯系统 该电路使用具有足够接近数据速率的频率的参考时钟，即使不存在输入数据，也可将电路调谐到正确的频率。 当存在输入数据时，正交下变频器将参考时钟与对应于数据信号的转换点的一系列脉冲混合以产生两个中间信号。 这些中间信号各自经过基带或中频带滤波器，其输出然后被正交调制以产生正确的输出时钟信号。 由于滤波器的工作频率远低于相关的数据速率，所以滤波器可以比较简单和经济，并且具有优异的耐老化性和环境效果。 通过改变参考时钟的频率，可以容纳多种数据速率，而无需更改滤波器参数。 对于允许使用各种数据速率的网络，自动数据速率检测可以允许为每个传入数据消息确定和选择正确的参考时钟频率。
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公开(公告)号：US08144027B2
公开(公告)日：2012-03-27
申请号：US11457098
申请日：2006-07-12
IPC分类号： G08B23/00
CPC分类号： H04Q9/00 , G01D4/002 , G01D4/008 , G01D5/39 , H04Q2209/25 , H04Q2209/40 , H04Q2209/50 , H04Q2209/60 , H04Q2209/883 , Y02B90/241 , Y02B90/246 , Y04S20/32 , Y04S20/42
摘要： A system and method is provided for automatically reading meters, such as utility meters. A camera unit is attached to or otherwise associated with an existing meter. From time to time, either automatically, or upon wireless command, the camera unit takes an image of the meter's readings, and communicates wirelessly the image or image data, to a local area receiver. The images can be transmitted immediately, or stored for later transmission, depending on the network protocol. The camera unit is battery powered, and operates communication protocols that enable extended operational life. These protocols allow for the camera's radio and processor to be turned on only when necessary, and then for only brief periods of time. At most times, the camera is in a power-conserving sleep mode. Multiple camera units may be arranged to communicate meter image data to the local area receiver, either using asynchronous or synchronous processes. In this way, star, point-to-point, MESH and ring networking topologies are enabled. The meter image data is communicated from the receiver to a central office using a wide area connection, where the image data is used for determining the meter reading. In one example, the image may be included with a utility bill as confirmed evidence of the current meter reading.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于自动读取仪表的系统和方法，例如电表。 相机单元连接到或与现有仪表相关联。 无论是自动地还是通过无线命令，相机单元不时地拍摄仪表读数的图像，并将图像或图像数据无线通信到局域接收器。 根据网络协议，图像可以立即传输，或存储以备以后传输。 相机单元是电池供电的，并且可以实现延长使用寿命的通信协议。 这些协议允许相机的收音机和处理器只在必要时打开，然后仅短暂的时间。 大多数情况下，相机处于省电睡眠模式。 多个摄像机单元可以被布置成使用异步或同步过程将仪表图像数据传送到局域接收器。 通过这种方式，可以启用星型，点对点，MESH和环形网络拓扑。 使用广域连接将仪表图像数据从接收器传送到中心局，其中图像数据用于确定仪表读数。 在一个示例中，图像可以包括在公用事业账单中，作为当前抄表的确认证据。
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3.发明授权Communication protocol for low-power network applications and a network of sensors using the same 有权用于低功耗网络应用的通信协议和使用相同的传感器网络公开(公告)号：US08134942B2
公开(公告)日：2012-03-13
申请号：US12108640
申请日：2008-04-24
IPC分类号： G08C17/00
CPC分类号： H04Q9/00 , H04Q2209/43 , H04Q2209/883
摘要： A network sensor system is provided that is capable of extremely low-power operation. The network sensor system implements a communication protocol that allows the sensors to operate at most times in a sleep mode, where only a low-power time is active. In this way, each sensor's receiver, transmitter, and support circuitry are operated only when strictly necessary. The network has a defined network time frame, and each device maintains and adjusts its own clock and relationship with the network time. In this way, each sensor is aware about when it may be sent a message, and opens a short listen window only when such a message is expected. If no message is received, or if the message is addressed to another sensor, the sensor goes back to sleep. The sensor's transmitter is only activated in the case where the message 1) is received during the listen period, 2) is addressed to the sensor, and 3) requires a transmission action. Otherwise, the transmitter remains deactivated.
摘要翻译： 提供能够极低功率运行的网络传感器系统。 网络传感器系统实现通信协议，其允许传感器在休眠模式下的多数时间运行，其中只有低功率时间是活动的。 以这种方式，每个传感器的接收器，发射器和支持电路仅在严格需要时才能运行。 网络具有定义的网络时间帧，每个设备维护和调整自己的时钟和与网络时间的关系。 以这种方式，每个传感器都知道何时可以发送消息，并且只有在预期这样的消息时才打开一个短监听窗口。 如果没有收到消息，或者如果消息寻址到另一个传感器，则传感器返回睡眠状态。 传感器的发射机仅在听筒期间接收到信息1）的情况下被激活，2）被传送到传感器，3）需要传输动作。 否则，发射机保持停用。
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公开(公告)号：US07834320B2
公开(公告)日：2010-11-16
申请号：US11295681
申请日：2005-12-06
CPC分类号： G01N31/224 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/78 , G01N21/783 , G01N2021/7786
摘要： A distributed detector system is provided for remotely detecting agents indicating the presence of particular biological, explosive, or chemical targets. The distributed detector system may be used for security threat detection, manufacturing or environmental monitoring, or medical assaying. In the detection system, a central server or base station wirelessly communicates with a set of distributed detectors. In this way, the central server or base station is able to aggregate detection information, as well as apply additional processing and analysis to data collected at the detectors. Each detector has a reactive material, such as a silicon-polymer, that changes an optical property in the presence of a target agent. A camera is positioned to take images of the reactive material from time to time, and has local processing to determine when the reactive material has likely changed. In some cases, the detector may have sufficient processing power to classify the change according to its urgency or threat level. The detector wirelessly communications to the central server or base station, and appropriate alerts or notifications can be generated.
摘要翻译： 提供分布式检测器系统用于远程检测指示特定生物，爆炸或化学靶的存在的试剂。 分布式检测器系统可用于安全威胁检测，制造或环境监测或医学测定。 在检测系统中，中央服务器或基站与一组分布式检测器无线通信。 以这种方式，中央服务器或基站能够聚合检测信息，以及对在检测器处收集的数据应用附加处理和分析。 每个检测器具有在目标试剂存在下改变光学性能的反应性材料，例如硅聚合物。 相机被定位成不时地拍摄反应性材料的图像，并且具有本地处理以确定反应性材料何时可能改变。 在某些情况下，检测器可能具有足够的处理能力，以根据其紧急程度或威胁级别对变化进行分类。 检测器与中央服务器或基站无线通信，并且可以生成适当的警报或通知。
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公开(公告)号：US07420149B2
公开(公告)日：2008-09-02
申请号：US11210411
申请日：2005-08-24
CPC分类号： H04Q9/00 , G06Q10/087 , H04L67/12 , H04N1/00204 , H04N1/00885 , H04N1/00896 , H04N1/2112 , H04N2201/0039 , H04N2201/0055 , H04W52/0274 , H04W84/18
摘要： A network sensor system and protocol is provided. The network sensor system includes a sensor node that has a sensor for collecting high-resolution data, and a radio for transmitting that data to a central hub. The sensor node communicates to the hub with a wireless data link, and operators solely from a battery. Accordingly, the sensor node is autonomous, and has no wire connections, so may be discreetly and simply installed. The sensor node is normally operated in a power-saving sleep mode, and is minimally activated only for required periods of time. The sensor node may be activated responsive to a low power timer, or from another locally generated interrupt. The sensor node also implements power-saving transfer protocols to further reduce power needs. Many sensor nodes may be associated with a single central hub, and larger networked sensor systems may be arranged.
摘要翻译： 提供网络传感器系统和协议。 网络传感器系统包括具有用于收集高分辨率数据的传感器的传感器节点和用于将该数据发送到中央集线器的无线电装置。 传感器节点通过无线数据链路与集线器进行通信，操作员仅从电池中进行通信。 因此，传感器节点是自主的，并且没有电线连接，因此可以谨慎且简单地安装。 传感器节点通常以省电休眠模式运行，并且仅在所需的时间段内被最小化地激活。 传感器节点可以响应于低功率定时器或来自另一本地产生的中断而被激活。 传感器节点还实现节能传输协议，以进一步降低电力需求。 许多传感器节点可以与单个中央集线器相关联，并且可以布置较大的网络传感器系统。
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公开(公告)号：US4958310A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-18
申请号：US122946
申请日：1987-11-19
申请人： Bar-Giora Goldberg
发明人： Bar-Giora Goldberg
IPC分类号： G06F1/03
CPC分类号： G06F1/0321
摘要： A digital-to-analog converter receives buffered data words from a multiplexer having "N" inputs, each input receiving data from one of N processing paths, each path having a memory therein which provides the data. Each memory receives address information from a variable-increment counter in its path. The counters are initialized by an offset loader when a frequency is selected. The initialization is a two step process: (1) the counters are loaded with an initial value, and (2) an increment register is loaded with a number equal to N times a primary incremental value corresponding to the frequency. Initially, a first path counter is set to zero, a second path counter is offset by the incremental value, a third path counter is set to twice the incremental value, and so on until the last counter is offset by N-1 times the incremental value. Thereafter all path counters are sequentially incremented by the primary incremental value times N in order from first to last in cycles, and the data from the paths are selected by the multiplexer in the same order. The clocking of each path counter in a cycle precedes the selection of the path by a portion of the cycle sufficient to allow each path time to complete its incrementing process and have settled data at its respective multiplexer input before it is again selected.
摘要翻译： 数模转换器从具有“N”个输入的多路复用器接收缓冲的数据字，每个输入从N个处理路径之一接收数据，每个路径具有提供数据的存储器。 每个存储器从其路径中的可变增量计数器接收地址信息。 当选择频率时，计数器由偏移加载器初始化。 初始化是两步过程：（1）计数器加载初始值，（2）增量寄存器的加载数量等于对应于频率的主增量值的N倍。 最初，第一个路径计数器设置为零，第二个路径计数器被增量值偏移，第三个路径计数器设置为增量值的两倍，依此类推，直到最后一个计数器被偏移N-1倍的增量值 值。 此后，所有路径计数器按照从第一到最后的循环次序按顺序递增主增量值乘以N，并且来自路径的数据由多路复用器以相同的顺序选择。 每个路径计数器在一个周期中的时钟先于路径的选择，该周期的一部分足以允许每个路径时间完成其递增处理，并且在其再次选择之前在其相应的多路复用器输入端具有确定的数据。
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7.发明授权公开(公告)号：US08223744B2
公开(公告)日：2012-07-17
申请号：US12780884
申请日：2010-05-15
IPC分类号： H04J3/06
CPC分类号： H04Q9/00 , H04Q2209/30 , H04Q2209/43 , H04Q2209/823 , H04Q2209/883
摘要： A network sensor system is provided that is capable of extremely low-power operation. The network sensor system implements a communication protocol that allows the sensors to operate at most times in a sleep mode, where only a low-power time is active. In this way, each sensor's receiver, transmitter, and support circuitry are operated only when strictly necessary. The network has a defined network time frame, and each device maintains and adjusts its own clock and relationship with the network time. In this way, each sensor is aware about when it may be sent a message, and opens a short listen window only when such a message is expected. If no message is received, or if the message is addressed to another sensor, the sensor goes back to sleep. The sensor's transmitter is only activated in the case where the message 1) is received during the listen period, 2) is addressed to the sensor, and 3) requires a transmission action. Otherwise, the transmitter remains deactivated.
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8.发明申请COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL FOR LOW-POWER NETWORK APPLICATIONS AND A NETWORK OF SENSORS USING THE SAME 有权用于低功耗网络应用的通信协议和使用该功能的传感器网络公开(公告)号：US20110222449A1
公开(公告)日：2011-09-15
申请号：US12780884
申请日：2010-05-15
CPC分类号： H04Q9/00 , H04Q2209/30 , H04Q2209/43 , H04Q2209/823 , H04Q2209/883
摘要： A network sensor system is provided that is capable of extremely low-power operation. The network sensor system implements a communication protocol that allows the sensors to operate at most times in a sleep mode, where only a low-power time is active. In this way, each sensor's receiver, transmitter, and support circuitry are operated only when strictly necessary. The network has a defined network time frame, and each device maintains and adjusts its own clock and relationship with the network time. In this way, each sensor is aware about when it may be sent a message, and opens a short listen window only when such a message is expected. If no message is received, or if the message is addressed to another sensor, the sensor goes back to sleep. The sensor's transmitter is only activated in the case where the message 1) is received during the listen period, 2) is addressed to the sensor, and 3) requires a transmission action. Otherwise, the transmitter remains deactivated.
摘要翻译： 提供能够极低功率运行的网络传感器系统。 网络传感器系统实现通信协议，其允许传感器在休眠模式下的多数时间运行，其中只有低功率时间是活动的。 以这种方式，每个传感器的接收器，发射器和支持电路只在严格必要时才能运行。 网络具有定义的网络时间帧，每个设备维护和调整自己的时钟和与网络时间的关系。 以这种方式，每个传感器都知道何时可以发送消息，并且只有在预期这样的消息时才打开一个短监听窗口。 如果没有收到消息，或者如果消息寻址到另一个传感器，则传感器返回睡眠状态。 传感器的发射机仅在听筒期间接收到信息1）的情况下被激活，2）被传送到传感器，3）需要传输动作。 否则，发射机保持停用。
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公开(公告)号：US20080140478A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-12
申请号：US11846764
申请日：2007-08-29
CPC分类号： H04Q9/00 , G06Q10/087 , H04L67/12 , H04N1/00204 , H04N1/00885 , H04N1/00896 , H04N1/2112 , H04N2201/0039 , H04N2201/0055 , H04W52/0274 , H04W84/18
摘要： A network sensor system and protocol is provided. The network sensor system includes a sensor node that has a sensor for collecting high-resolution data, and a radio for transmitting that data to a central hub. The sensor node communicates to the hub with a wireless data link, and operators solely from a battery. Accordingly, the sensor node is autonomous, and has no wire connections, so may be discreetly and simply installed. The sensor node is normally operated in a power-saving sleep mode, and is minimally activated only for required periods of time. The sensor node may be activated responsive to a low power timer, or from another locally generated interrupt. The sensor node also implements power-saving transfer protocols to further reduce power needs. Many sensor nodes may be associated with a single central hub, and larger networked sensor systems may be arranged.
摘要翻译： 提供网络传感器系统和协议。 网络传感器系统包括具有用于收集高分辨率数据的传感器的传感器节点和用于将该数据发送到中央集线器的无线电装置。 传感器节点通过无线数据链路与集线器进行通信，操作员仅从电池中进行通信。 因此，传感器节点是自主的，并且没有电线连接，因此可以谨慎且简单地安装。 传感器节点通常以省电休眠模式运行，并且仅在所需的时间段内被最小化地激活。 传感器节点可以响应于低功率定时器或来自另一本地产生的中断而被激活。 传感器节点还实现节能传输协议，以进一步降低电力需求。 许多传感器节点可以与单个中央集线器相关联，并且可以布置较大的网络传感器系统。
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公开(公告)号：US20070051872A1
公开(公告)日：2007-03-08
申请号：US11210411
申请日：2005-08-24
IPC分类号： H01L27/00
CPC分类号： H04Q9/00 , G06Q10/087 , H04L67/12 , H04N1/00204 , H04N1/00885 , H04N1/00896 , H04N1/2112 , H04N2201/0039 , H04N2201/0055 , H04W52/0274 , H04W84/18
摘要： A network sensor system and protocol is provided. The network sensor system includes a sensor node that has a sensor for collecting high-resolution data, and a radio for transmitting that data to a central hub. The sensor node communicates to the hub with a wireless data link, and operators solely from a battery. Accordingly, the sensor node is autonomous, and has no wire connections, so may be discreetly and simply installed. The sensor node is normally operated in a power-saving sleep mode, and is minimally activated only for required periods of time. The sensor node may be activated responsive to a low power timer, or from another locally generated interrupt. The sensor node also implements power-saving transfer protocols to further reduce power needs. Many sensor nodes may be associated with a single central hub, and larger networked sensor systems may be arranged.
摘要翻译： 提供网络传感器系统和协议。 网络传感器系统包括具有用于收集高分辨率数据的传感器的传感器节点和用于将该数据发送到中央集线器的无线电装置。 传感器节点通过无线数据链路与集线器进行通信，操作员仅从电池中进行通信。 因此，传感器节点是自主的，并且没有电线连接，因此可以谨慎且简单地安装。 传感器节点通常以省电休眠模式运行，并且仅在所需的时间段内被最小化地激活。 传感器节点可以响应于低功率定时器或来自另一本地产生的中断而被激活。 传感器节点还实现节能传输协议，以进一步降低电力需求。 许多传感器节点可以与单个中央集线器相关联，并且可以布置较大的网络传感器系统。
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