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公开(公告)号：US3931516A
公开(公告)日：1976-01-06
申请号：US502124
申请日：1974-08-30
Applicant: James C. Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, with respect to an invention of Fletcher , Siegfried O. Auer
Inventor： James C. Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, with respect to an invention of Fletcher , Siegfried O. Auer
CPC classification number: H01J49/282
Abstract: Mass spectrometry apparatus for analyzing the composition of moving microscopic particles includes a capacitor having a front electrode upon which the particles impinge, a back electrode, and a solid dielectric sandwiched between the front and back electrodes. In one embodiment, the electrodes and dielectric are arcuately shaped as concentric peripheral segments of different spheres having a common center and different radii. The front electrode and dielectric together have a thickness such that an impinging particle can penetrate them. The front electrode is negatively biased relative to the back electrode so that an impinging particle causes the front and back electrodes to become electrically connected to form a discharge spark between the electrodes. The discharge spark causes ejection from the front electrode of positive ions of elements in the impinging particle. An electric field is formed in front of the front electrode by a grid that is pervious to the particles and ions. The grid is negatively biased relative to the front electrode to draw the ejected positive ions away from the front electrode, so they impinge on a positive ion detector target. The arrival time of different ions is measured to complete the analysis. In a second embodiment, the capacitor has planar, parallel electrodes, in which case the ejected positive ions are deflected downstream of a planar grid by a pair of spaced, arcuate capacitor plates having a region between them through which the ejected ions travel.
Abstract translation: 用于分析运动微观粒子的组成的质谱装置包括具有粒子撞击的前电极的电容器，夹在前电极和后电极之间的背电极和固体电介质。 在一个实施例中，电极和电介质弧形成为具有共同中心和不同半径的不同球体的同心圆周段。 前电极和电介质一起具有使得入射颗粒能够穿透它们的厚度。 前电极相对于背电极是负偏置的，使得撞击的颗粒导致前电极和后电极电连接以在电极之间形成放电火花。 放电火花引起来自撞击颗粒中元件的正离子的前电极的喷射。 通过能够透过颗粒和离子的栅格在前电极的前方形成电场。 栅格相对于前电极是负偏置的，以将排出的正离子从前电极吸出，因此它们撞击到正离子检测器靶上。 测量不同离子的到达时间以完成分析。 在第二实施例中，电容器具有平面的平行电极，在这种情况下，排出的正离子通过一对间隔开的弧形电容器板在平面栅极的下游偏转，该电容器板之间具有一个区域，被排出的离子通过该区域行进。
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公开(公告)号：US4266878A
公开(公告)日：1981-05-12
申请号：US972773
申请日：1978-12-26
Applicant: Siegfried O. Auer
Inventor： Siegfried O. Auer
CPC classification number: G01N33/246 , G01N21/3554 , G01N21/55
Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the moisture content of a soil sample at selected depths is disclosed. Light is conducted from a source via a fiber optical cable to a soil probe which is inserted at selected depths into a bore hole formed in the soil sample. Light from the source and reflected light from the soil sample is conducted via fiber optic cables to a reflectometer, which determines reflection factors of the soil sample at three selected infrared wavelengths of a water absorption band. Means are provided to compute the moisture content of the sample at the selected depths from the measured reflectance factors.
Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于在选定深度测量土壤样品的含水量的装置。 光从源通过光纤光缆传导到土壤探针，土壤探针以选定的深度插入到形成于土壤样品中的钻孔中。 来自源的光和来自土壤样品的反射光通过光纤电缆传输到反射计，其反映了在吸水带的三个选定的红外波长处的土壤样品的反射因子。 提供了用于根据测量的反射系数计算所选深度处的样品的水分含量的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4257106A
公开(公告)日：1981-03-17
申请号：US042112
申请日：1979-05-24
Applicant: Siegfried O. Auer
Inventor： Siegfried O. Auer
CPC classification number: G01N21/21 , G01J2005/0081 , G01J2005/586
Abstract: A method of daytime imaging in a range of thermal wavelengths (3-5 microns) which includes specularly reflected solar radiation. Mathematical processing serves to separate the thermal and specular reflection components based on Fresnel's equations which relate the thermal component to three variables: the total radiation intensity; the degree of polarization of the total radiation; and the degree of polarization of the specular reflection component. The first two of these variables may be measured by means of a photometer which is scanned across a target area, and a suitably oriented polarizing filter. The third variable can be calculated as a function of two other quantities: the angle of incidence of sunlight on the target object and the index of refraction of the target object. The first of these two quantities is calculable from time and geographical position data, while the second can be estimated with sufficient accuracy. Each calculation produces a single pixel, and a succession of such pixels is used to build up an image upon a CRT raster which is synchronized with the photometer scan.
Abstract translation: 包括镜面反射太阳辐射在内的一系列热波长（3-5微米）的日间成像方法。 数学处理用于分离基于菲涅尔方程的热和镜面反射分量，其将热分量与三个变量相关：总辐射强度; 总辐射的极化程度; 以及镜面反射分量的偏振度。 这些变量中的前两个可以通过在目标区域上扫描的光度计和适当取向的偏振滤光器来测量。 第三个变量可以作为另外两个量的函数来计算：目标物体上的太阳光的入射角和目标物体的折射率。 这两个数量中的第一个可以从时间和地理位置数据计算，而第二个可以以足够的精度估计。 每个计算产生单个像素，并且使用一系列这样的像素在与光度计扫描同步的CRT光栅上建立图像。
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公开(公告)号：US4052666A
公开(公告)日：1977-10-04
申请号：US677352
申请日：1976-04-15
Applicant: James C. Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, with respect to an invention of Fletcher , Siegfried O. Auer , John B. Schutt
Inventor： James C. Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, with respect to an invention of Fletcher , Siegfried O. Auer , John B. Schutt
Abstract: A method of determining vegetation height and water content of vegetation from the intensity and state of elliptical polarization of a reflected train of microwaves. The method comprises the steps of reflecting a circularly polarized train of microwaves from vegetation at a predetermined angle of incidence, detecting the reflected train of microwaves, determining the ratio of the intensities of the electric field vector components, measuring the phase difference of the components, and computing the refractive index and thickness of the layer of vegetation from a formula, wherein the refractive index is given essentially by the water content of the vegetation.
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