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公开(公告)号：US5026139A
公开(公告)日：1991-06-25
申请号：US501144
申请日：1990-03-28
CPC分类号： G01N21/431 , G02B6/02 , G01N2021/432
摘要： A refractive index FOCS has a fiber optic core with a partly light transmissive thin metal film clad of an effective thickness and light transmissivity so that transmission through the core is strongly affected by the refractive index of a surrounding liquid or vapor medium. The metal clad and surrounding medium produce a localized refractive index at the core interface which modulates light transmission through the core as a function of the medium refractive index. The clad is made of platinum, or also of gold, rhodium, palladium, nickel, iron, cobalt, ruthenium, iridium, osmium, zinc, copper, silver, chronium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium or hafnium. The clad is also made of oxides of these metals, or metal compounds or alloys. With a fluorescent tip, the changes in the fluorescent signal are a measure of the medium refractive index. With a reflective tip, the changes in the reflected signal are measured. In a linear configuration, source and detector are placed at opposite ends of the fiber and changes in the transmitted signal are measured as a function of refractive index. Multiple measurements with multiple clads of different specificity can be made. The multiple clads can be on a single fiber or on separate fibers.
摘要翻译： 折射率FOCS具有具有有效厚度和透光率的部分透光的薄金属薄膜包层的光纤芯，使得通过芯的透射受到周围液体或蒸气介质的折射率的强烈影响。 金属包层和周围介质在核心界面处产生局部折射率，其作为介质折射率的函数调制通过芯的光透射。 包层由铂，或金，铑，钯，镍，铁，钴，钌，铱，锇，锌，铜，银，时代，钼，钨，钒，铌，钽，钛，锆或 铪。 包层也由这些金属的氧化物或金属化合物或合金制成。 使用荧光尖端，荧光信号的变化是介质折射率的量度。 使用反射尖端，测量反射信号的变化。 在线性配置中，源和检测器被放置在光纤的相对端，并且传输信号的变化被测量为折射率的函数。 可以进行具有不同特异性的多个囊的多个测量。 多个包层可以在单个纤维上或在单独的纤维上。
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公开(公告)号：US5358875A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-25
申请号：US82248
申请日：1993-06-25
CPC分类号： G01N21/78 , G01N31/22 , Y10S436/902 , Y10T436/19
摘要： A sensing chemistry for halogenated hydrocarbons includes pyridine or a pyridine derivative and a strong organic alkoxide base. The sensing chemistry may be in a nonaqueous organic solvent or in a solid state matrix. The base reacts with the halohydrocarbon to produce a carbene intermediate reaction product, which in the absence of water preferentially reacts with the pyridine to form a colored and/or fluorescent product.
摘要翻译： 用于卤代烃的感测化学品包括吡啶或吡啶衍生物和强有机醇盐碱。 感测化学可以在非水有机溶剂中或在固态基质中。 碱与卤代烃反应以产生卡宾中间体反应产物，其在不存在水的情况下优选与吡啶反应以形成有色和/或荧光产物。
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公开(公告)号：US5109442A
公开(公告)日：1992-04-28
申请号：US501146
申请日：1990-03-28
CPC分类号： C03C25/106 , G01N21/7703
摘要： A fiber optic chemical sensor is made water repellent by attaching a plurality of long, hydrophobic chains, e.g. silane polymers, to the surface. The chains extend from the surface and form a semi-permeable barrier which repels water molecules while selectively passing analyte molecules therethrough. In one configuration, the hydrophobic chains are attached substantially uniformly over the clad. In a second configuration, the clad is a plurality of spaced stripes with the hydrophobic chains attached in the gaps between the stripes. In another configuration, a patterned hydrophobic coating of alternating thick and thin segments is formed on the clad.
摘要翻译： 纤维光学化学传感器通过附着多个长的疏水链，例如， 硅烷聚合物，到表面。 链从表面延伸并形成排斥水分子的半透性屏障，同时选择性地将分析物分子通过其中。 在一种构型中，疏水链基本均匀地附着在包层上。 在第二构造中，包层是多个间隔开的条纹，其中疏水链连接在条纹之间的间隙中。 在另一种构造中，在包层上形成交替的厚和细段的图案疏水涂层。
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公开(公告)号：US5059790A
公开(公告)日：1991-10-22
申请号：US503463
申请日：1990-03-30
CPC分类号： G01N21/7703 , G01N2021/0385 , G01N2021/1734 , G01N2021/1738 , G01N2021/174 , G01N21/80
摘要： Single and multi-cell reservoir FOCS configurations, with single or dual fibers with optional optical elements, have a cross-flow arrangement of the sample relative to the fiber. A wide variety of sensors, including pH, arsenic, benzene, cyanide, hydrazine, cupric ion; TCE, mercuric ion, and iron(2+) are provided.
摘要翻译： 具有可选光学元件的单纤维或双纤维的单细胞储存器FOCS配置具有样品相对于纤维的横流布置。 各种传感器，包括pH，砷，苯，氰化物，肼，铜离子; 提供TCE，汞离子和铁（2+）。
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公开(公告)号：US5457056A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-10
申请号：US88193
申请日：1993-07-06
CPC分类号： G01N31/22 , G01N21/78 , Y10T436/17 , Y10T436/173845 , Y10T436/196666
摘要： A base modifier is added to a pyridine/base reagent composition to improve the ability to detect halogenated hydrocarbons like TCE and chloroform. The base modifier is an organic base which facilitates formation of a stable final reaction product. New bases are also combined with pyridine.
摘要翻译： 将碱改性剂加入到吡啶/碱试剂组合物中以提高检测卤代烃如TCE和氯仿的能力。 碱改性剂是促进形成稳定的最终反应产物的有机碱。 新碱也与吡啶结合。
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6.发明授权Topical viscosity control for light hydrocarbon displacing fluids in petroleum recovery and in fracturing fluids for well stimulation 失效石油回收中的轻碳氢化合物置换液体和用于油井刺激的压裂液中的局部粘度控制
公开(公告)号：US4607696A
公开(公告)日：1986-08-26
申请号：US771504
申请日：1985-08-30
申请人： John P. Heller , Dileep K. Dandge
发明人： John P. Heller , Dileep K. Dandge
CPC分类号： C09K8/58 , Y10S507/922 , Y10S507/936
摘要： Solvent-type flooding fluids comprising light hydrocarbons in the range of ethane to hexane (and mixtures thereof) are used to displace crude oil in formations having temperatures of about 20 degrees to about 150 degrees Centigrade and pressures above about 650 psi, the light hydrocarbons having dissolved therein from about 0.05% to about 3% of an organotin compound of the formula R.sub.3 SnF where each R is independently an alkyl, aryl or alkyaryl group from 3 to 12 carbon atoms. Under the pressures and temperatures described, the organotin compounds become pentacoordinated and linked through the electronegative bridges, forming polymers within the light hydrocarbon flooding media to render them highly viscous. Under ambient conditions, the viscosity control agents will not readily be produced from the formation with either crude oil or water, since they are insoluble in the former and only sparingly soluble in the latter.
摘要翻译： 使用包含乙烷至己烷范围内的轻质烃（及其混合物）的溶剂型淹没流体替代具有约20摄氏度至约150摄氏度的温度和高于约650psi的压力的地层中的原油，轻烃具有 溶解在其中约0.05％至约3％的式R 3 SnF的有机锡化合物，其中每个R独立地为3至12个碳原子的烷基，芳基或烷芳基。 在所述的压力和温度下，有机锡化合物变成五配位并通过电负性桥连接，在轻质烃驱油介质中形成聚合物，使它们高度粘稠。 在环境条件下，粘度控制剂不容易从原油或水的形成中产生，因为它们不溶于前者，仅在微溶于后者中。
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