摘要:
A composite material includes a solid polymer matrix, a plurality of capsules and a liquid, in the capsules. The liquid includes from 50 to 100 wt % of a solvent, and from 0 to 50 wt % of a polymerizer. There is no polymerizer outside of the capsules. The solid polymer matrix may include a native activating moiety for the polymerizer. The solvent may have a swelling ratio with the solid polymer matrix of at least 1.1 and/or may have a polarity ET of from 0.10 to 0.50.
摘要:
A composite material, contains a polymer, a polymerizer, a corresponding catalyst for the polymerizer, and a plurality of capsules. The polymerizer is in the capsules. The composite material is self-healing.
摘要:
A composite material, contains a polymer, a polymerizer, a corresponding catalyst for the polymerizer, and a plurality of capsules. The polymerizer is in the capsules. The composite material is self-healing.
摘要:
A self-indicating material system may include a solid polymer matrix having a first color, a first plurality of capsules in the matrix, and a plurality of particles in the matrix. The first plurality of capsules includes a first reactant, and the plurality of particles includes a second reactant, which forms a product when in contact with the first reactant. When a crack forms in the polymer matrix, at least a portion of the first plurality of capsules is ruptured, the first and second reactants form the product in the matrix, and the portion of the polymer matrix containing the product has a second color different from the first color. A self-indicating material system may include a solid polymer matrix, a plurality of capsules in the matrix, and an activator in the matrix, where the polymer matrix includes a first polymer and has a first color, the plurality of capsules includes a polymerizer, and the activator is an activator for the polymerizer. When a crack forms in the polymer matrix, at least a portion of the plurality of capsules is ruptured, the polymerizer and the activator form a second polymer in the crack, and the second polymer has a second color different from the first color.
摘要:
A composite material comprises (i) a polymer, (ii) a polymerizer, (iii) a protected corresponding activator for the polymerizer, and (iv) a plurality of capsules. The polymerizer is in the capsules, and the corresponding activator is protected with a corresponding encapsulant for the polymer and the polymerizer.
摘要:
A composite material includes a polymeric layer and a substrate, in contact with the polymeric layer. The substrate includes a substrate matrix, a first microfluidic network in the substrate matrix and in fluid communication with the polymeric layer, and a polymerizer in the first microfluidic network. The composite material may further include an activator, and may be a self-healing composite.
摘要:
An autonomous battery shutdown system includes a battery including an anode and a cathode, and an electrolyte composition between the anode and the cathode. The electrolyte composition includes an ionically conductive liquid containing lithium ions, and temperature-sensitive particles including a polymer having a melting temperature between 60° C. and 120° C. When the temperature of the battery exceeds 120° C., the temperature-sensitive particles form an ion barrier that traverses the battery. The resulting shutdown battery may have a specific charge capacity that is more than 98% lower than the specific charge capacity of the original battery.
摘要:
A method of making capsules includes forming a mixture including a core liquid, a polyurethane precursor system, a first component of a two-component poly(urea-formaldehyde) precursor system, and a solvent. The method further includes emulsifying the mixture, adding a second component of the two-component poly(urea-formaldehyde) precursor system to the emulsified mixture, and maintaining the emulsified mixture at a temperature and for a time sufficient to form a plurality of capsules that encapsulate at least a portion of the core liquid. The capsules made by the method may include a polymerizer in the capsules, where the capsules have an inner capsule wall including a polyurethane, and an outer capsule wall including a poly(urea-formaldehyde). The capsules may include in the solid polymer matrix of a composite material.