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公开(公告)号：US4468688A
公开(公告)日：1984-08-28
申请号：US310902
申请日：1981-09-28
CPC分类号： G06F3/0219 , G05G9/047 , G06F3/0213 , G06F3/033 , G06F3/04845 , G06T3/606 , H04N5/2628 , H04N9/64
摘要： A control system is coupled to control a system for spatially transforming images by separate transformation of each dimension of the image. The control system includes a control panel having a three-axis joystick and a set of keys providing function selection and assignment of the joystick to a particular control function, a panel processor coupled to receive and interpret control panel data and a high level controller. The high level controller responds to the operator control information from the panel processor to establish selected image transformation information at selected knot points and communicates to a transformation portion of the transformation system data controlling the transformation of each image field with data for fields between knot points being developed from a cubic spline interpolation between knot points.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US81 / 00470 Sec。 371日期1981年9月28日 102（e）日期1981年9月28日PCT提交1981年4月10日PCT公布。 出版物WO82 / 03712 日期为1982年10月28日。控制系统被耦合以控制用于通过图像的每个维度的单独变换来空间变换图像的系统。 控制系统包括具有三轴操纵杆和一组键的控制面板，其提供功能选择和操纵杆对特定控制功能的分配，耦合以接收和解释控制面板数据的面板处理器以及高级别控制器。 高级控制器响应于来自面板处理器的操作者控制信息，以在所选择的点处建立所选择的图像变换信息，并且将控制每个图像场的变换的变换系统数据的变换部分与结点之间的区域的数据进行通信 从结点之间的三次样条插值开发。
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公开(公告)号：US4908874A
公开(公告)日：1990-03-13
申请号：US816176
申请日：1986-01-06
申请人： Steven A. Gabriel
发明人： Steven A. Gabriel
摘要： A system for spatially transforming images by separate transformation of each dimension of the image is exemplified by a raster scan television system which includes for each color component a transposing memory providing a change of scan direction from horizontal to vertical, a vertical transformation system transforming in the vertical direction the vertically scanned video information, a second transposing memory coupled to receive vertically transformed video information and provide a change of scan direction from vertical back to horizontal, and a horizontal transformation system coupled to horizontally transform the horizontally scanned video signal to produce a color component output signal. The transformation system is controlled by a transform composer and factorizor which receives input commands designating X and Y pretranslations, X and Y size control, Z axis rotation angles, and X and Y post translations to produce a commanded composite transformation which is then factored into horizontal and vertical components.
摘要翻译： 用于通过图像的每个维度的单独变换来对图像进行空间变换的系统由光栅扫描电视系统示例，其包括用于每个颜色分量的转置存储器，其提供从水平到垂直的扫描方向的变化，垂直变换系统 垂直方向垂直扫描的视频信息，第二转置存储器，其被耦合以接收垂直变换的视频信息并且提供从垂直回到水平的扫描方向的改变;以及水平变换系统，其耦合以水平变换水平扫描的视频信号以产生颜色 分量输出信号。 转换系统由转换作曲家和因子识别器控制，它接受指定X和Y预翻译，X和Y尺寸控制，Z轴旋转角度以及X和Y后翻译的输入命令，以产生命令复合变换，然后将其分解为水平 和垂直元件。
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3.发明授权Image compression to reduce pixel and texture memory requirements in a real-time image generator 失效图像压缩以减少实时图像生成器中的像素和纹理内存要求
公开(公告)号：US5999189A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-07
申请号：US672102
申请日：1996-06-27
CPC分类号： G06T11/001 , G06T11/40 , G06T13/80 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/04 , G06T15/60
摘要： A method for supporting image compression in a real-time graphics rendering pipeline includes sorting object geometry for a scene among image regions called chunks. The object geometry for each chunk is rendered separately, and in a serial fashion. After the object geometry is completely rendered for a given chunk, the pixel data for that chunk is compressed and stored. Each chunk of an image can be generated and stored in this manner. To assemble a display image, compressed image chunks are retrieved, decompressed, and temporarily cached. Decompressed image data in the cache is combined into a display image. The process of generating a display image with compression can be performed at real-time rates.
摘要翻译： 用于在实时图形呈现流水线中支持图像压缩的方法包括在被称为块的图像区域中排列场景的对象几何。 每个块的对象几何体分别呈现，并以串行方式呈现。 在给定块完全呈现对象几何之后，该块的像素数据被压缩并存储。 可以以这种方式生成和存储图像的每个块。 要组装显示图像，压缩的图像块被检索，解压缩并临时缓存。 高速缓存中的解压缩图像数据被组合成显示图像。 通过压缩生成显示图像的过程可以以实时速率进行。
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公开(公告)号：US4463372A
公开(公告)日：1984-07-31
申请号：US361576
申请日：1982-03-24
CPC分类号： H04N5/2628 , H04N9/75
摘要： A spatial transformation system includes a processing system for each component of an input video signal. The processing systems respond to operator commands entered through a control panel to provide spatial transformation such as enlargement, reduction, translation, and three-dimensional perspective rotation. The system further includes a key processing system connected to operate in tandem with the video component processing systems to transform an input key signal indicating a portion of a video image to be viewed in exactly the same way as the image defined by the input video signal. The output key signal thus exactly defines the same portions of the output video image as it did for the input video image notwithstanding significant changes in image shape which may result from a selected given spatial transformation. A proportional switcher is connected to receive a transformed image from the spatial transformation system on one channel and a second video image on a second channel and mix them in proportion to the magnitude of the key signal generated by the key processing system. The image from one channel may thus be smoothly blended into the image of the other input channel to eliminate aliasing along a boundary between two adjacent images. The transformation system may further include a key signal generator providing an internal key signal defining a standard sized video image and a switch coupled to provide an operator selection between the internal key signal and an externally generated key signal. A cropping circuit responsive to operator controls may modify the selected key signal by imposing more restrictive limits on the boundary of the key signal selected viewing area than provided by the original key signal. This selectively restricted key signal is provided as an input key signal to the key processing system. By performing the same spatial transformation upon the key signal as upon the input video image, the key signal precisely defines the borders of the selected viewing region to eliminate undesirable demarcation lines between the boundaries of two intermixed video images when they are displayed.
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5.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06252608B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-26
申请号：US09178078
申请日：1998-10-22
IPC分类号： G06T1700
CPC分类号： G06T11/001 , G06T11/40 , G06T13/80 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/04 , G06T15/60
摘要： A system for improved shadowing of images using a multiple pass, depth buffer approach includes rendering a scene from the perspective of a light source to construct a shadow depth map in a rasterization buffer. The system computes depth values for the two nearest geometric primitives to the light source for pixels, and stores these depth values in the rasterization buffer. Once the shadow map is constructed, it is stored in shared memory, where it can be retrieved for subsequent rendering passes. The two depth values for each element in the shadow map can be used in combination with a global bias to eliminate self-shadowing artifacts and avoid artifacts in the terminator region. The system supports linear or higher order filtering of data from the shadow depth map to produce smoother transitions from shadowed and un-shadowed portions of an image. In addition, the system supports the re-use of the shadow map and shadowed images for more than one frame.
摘要翻译： 用于使用多遍深度缓冲器方法改善图像的阴影的系统包括从光源的角度渲染场景以在光栅化缓冲器中构造阴影深度图。 系统为像素的光源计算两个最近几何基元的深度值，并将这些深度值存储在光栅化缓冲区中。 一旦构建了影子映射，它就被存储在共享存储器中，在那里它可以被检索以用于后续渲染过程。 阴影贴图中每个元素的两个深度值可以与全局偏差结合使用，以消除自阴影伪像并避免终止器区域中的伪影。 该系统支持来自阴影深度图的数据的线性或高阶滤波，以从图像的阴影和未遮蔽部分产生更平滑的转换。 此外，该系统支持重复使用阴影贴图和阴影图像多于一个帧。
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6.发明授权Processor for controlling the display of rendered image layers and method for controlling same 失效用于控制渲染图像层的显示的处理器及其控制方法
公开(公告)号：US6008820A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-28
申请号：US675435
申请日：1996-06-27
申请人： Joseph W. Chauvin , Steven A. Gabriel , Howard Good , Kent E. Griffin , William Chambers Powell, III , George Easton Scott, III , Michael A. Toelle , John G. Torborg, Jr. , James E. Veres
发明人： Joseph W. Chauvin , Steven A. Gabriel , Howard Good , Kent E. Griffin , William Chambers Powell, III , George Easton Scott, III , Michael A. Toelle , John G. Torborg, Jr. , James E. Veres
CPC分类号： G06T13/80 , G06T11/40 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/04 , G06T15/60
摘要： A gsprite engine circuit reads a display list identifying gsprite image layers to be composited for display, retrieves gsprite image data from an external memory, and transforms the gsprite data to display device coordinates. The gsprite image layers represent independently rendered graphical objects in a graphics scene. The gsprite engine can simulate the motion of the graphical objects in a sequence of display images by performing affine transformations on the gsprite image layers. The interface to the gsprite engine circuit includes the display list and gsprite header blocks. The display list enumerates the gsprites to be composited as a display image. The header blocks describe a gsprite transform, which can be an affine transform, used to transform gsprites to display device coordinates. The header blocks also provide an array of references to image blocks or "chunks" comprising the gsprite.
摘要翻译： gsprite引擎电路读取识别将要合成显示的gsprite图像层的显示列表，从外部存储器检索gsprite图像数据，并将gsprite数据转换为显示设备坐标。 gsprite图像层表示图形场景中独立渲染的图形对象。 gsprite引擎可以通过在gsprite图像层上执行仿射变换来模拟图像对象在一系列显示图像中的运动。 gsprite引擎电路的接口包括显示列表和gsprite标题块。 显示列表列举要合成为显示图像的gsprites。 标题块描述了一个gsprite变换，它可以是仿射变换，用于将gsprites转换为显示设备坐标。 标题块还提供了包含gsprite的图像块或“块”的引用数组。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6005582A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-21
申请号：US672347
申请日：1996-06-27
申请人： Steven A. Gabriel , Kent E. Griffin
发明人： Steven A. Gabriel , Kent E. Griffin
CPC分类号： G06T13/80 , G06T11/40 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/04 , G06T15/60
摘要： A method for texture mapping an image includes passing an interpolating filter along a line of anisotropy in a texture map and computing a weighted sum of the outputs of the interpolating filter to compute pixel intensity values. The weighting of these output values can be computed using a one dimensional digital filter. The line of anisotropy is derived from the inverse transform, which describes the mapping of a point on the surface of a geometric primitive to a point in the texture map. A system supporting anisotropic filtering includes texture memory, a set-up processor, and a texture filter engine. The set-up processor parses a command stream and retrieves texture data into the texture memory. The texture filter engine determines the line of anisotropy for a pixel and computes a weighted sum of interpolated values sampled along the line of anisotropy.
摘要翻译： 用于纹理映射图像的方法包括沿着纹理图中的各向异性线传递内插滤波器，并且计算内插滤波器的输出的加权和以计算像素强度值。 这些输出值的加权可以使用一维数字滤波器来计算。 各向异性线是从逆变换得出的，该逆变换描述了几何图元表面上的点与纹理图中的点的映射。 支持各向异性过滤的系统包括纹理存储器，设置处理器和纹理过滤器引擎。 设置处理器解析命令流并将纹理数据检索到纹理存储器中。 纹理滤波器引擎确定像素的各向异性线，并计算沿着各向异性线采样的内插值的加权和。
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8.发明授权Video encoder and decoder using bilinear motion compensation and lapped orthogonal transforms 失效视频编码器和解码器采用双线性运动补偿和重叠正交变换
公开(公告)号：US5973755A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-26
申请号：US820503
申请日：1997-04-04
申请人： Steven A. Gabriel
发明人： Steven A. Gabriel
摘要： A method and system for improved motion compensation between a previous frame of video information and a new frame. Each block of pixels in a block-based compression scheme uses four vectors, three from proximate blocks, to determine motion-induced changes to its pixels. The vectors are interpolated for each pixel based on the location of the pixel in the block with respect to the vectors. The address of each pixel in the frame block of the previous frame is altered based on the resultant vector determined therefor, whereby a color value for the new pixel is obtained from the altered address. Sharp contrasts at the edges between blocks are eliminated due to the gradual blending obtained by using vectors of the adjacent blocks to determine a pixel's color.
摘要翻译： 一种用于改善视频信息的前一帧和新帧之间的运动补偿的方法和系统。 基于块的压缩方案中的每个像素块使用四个向量，三个来自近似块的向量来确定其像素的运动引起的变化。 基于相对于矢量的块中的像素的位置，针对每个像素内插向量。 基于由此确定的合成矢量，改变前一帧的帧块中的每个像素的地址，从而从改变的地址获得新像素的颜色值。 由于通过使用相邻块的矢量获得的逐渐混合来确定像素的颜色，在块之间的边缘处的尖锐的对比度被消除。
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公开(公告)号：US5886701A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-23
申请号：US672086
申请日：1996-06-27
申请人： Joseph W. Chauvin , Steven A. Gabriel , Howard Good , Kent E. Griffin , Mark L. Kenworthy , William Chambers Powell, III , George Easton Scott, III , Michael A. Toelle , John G. Torborg, Jr. , James E. Veres
发明人： Joseph W. Chauvin , Steven A. Gabriel , Howard Good , Kent E. Griffin , Mark L. Kenworthy , William Chambers Powell, III , George Easton Scott, III , Michael A. Toelle , John G. Torborg, Jr. , James E. Veres
CPC分类号： G06T11/001 , G06T11/40 , G06T13/80 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/04 , G06T15/60
摘要： A graphics rendering chip serially renders a stream of geometric primitives to image regions called chunks. A set-up processor in the chip parses rendering commands and the stream of geometric primitives and computes edge equation parameters. A scan-convert processor receives the edge equation parameters from the set-up processor and scan converts the geometric primitives to produce pixel records and fragment records. An internal, double-buffered pixel buffer stores pixel records for fully covered pixel addresses and also stores references to fragment lists stored in a fragment buffer. A pixel engine performs hidden surface removal and controls storage of pixel and fragment records to the pixel and fragment buffers, respectively. An anti-aliasing engine resolves pixel data for one pixel buffer while the pixel engine fills the other pixel buffer with pixel data for the next chunk.
摘要翻译： 图形渲染芯片将几何图元流连续地呈现给称为块的图像区域。 芯片中的设置处理器解析渲染命令和几何图元流，并计算边缘方程参数。 扫描转换处理器从设置处理器接收边缘方程参数，并扫描转换几何图元以产生像素记录和片段记录。 内部双缓冲像素缓冲区存储完全覆盖的像素地址的像素记录，并存储对片段缓冲区中存储的片段列表的引用。 像素引擎执行隐藏的表面去除并且分别控制像素和片段记录到像素和片段缓冲器的存储。 抗锯齿引擎解决一个像素缓冲器的像素数据，而像素引擎用另一个像素缓冲区填充下一个块的像素数据。
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10.发明授权Video encoder and decoder using bilinear motion compensation and lapped orthogonal transforms 有权视频编码器和解码器采用双线性运动补偿和重叠正交变换公开(公告)号：US06307887B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-23
申请号：US09583214
申请日：2000-05-30
申请人： Steven A. Gabriel
发明人： Steven A. Gabriel
IPC分类号： H04N712
摘要： A method and system for improved motion compensation between a previous frame of video information and a new frame. Each block of pixels in a block-based compression scheme uses four vectors, three from proximate blocks, to determine motion-induced changes to its pixels. The vectors are interpolated for each pixel based on the location of the pixel in the block with respect to the vectors. The address of each pixel in the frame block of the previous frame is altered based on the resultant vector determined therefor, whereby a color value for the new pixel is obtained from the altered address. Sharp contrasts at the edges between blocks are eliminated due to the gradual blending obtained by using vectors of the adjacent blocks to determine a pixel's color.
摘要翻译： 一种用于改善视频信息的前一帧和新帧之间的运动补偿的方法和系统。 基于块的压缩方案中的每个像素块使用四个向量，三个来自近似块的向量来确定其像素的运动引起的变化。 基于相对于矢量的块中的像素的位置，针对每个像素内插向量。 基于由此确定的合成矢量，改变前一帧的帧块中的每个像素的地址，从而从改变的地址获得新像素的颜色值。 由于通过使用相邻块的矢量获得的逐渐混合来确定像素的颜色，在块之间的边缘处的尖锐的对比度被消除。
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