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    Tunable long-period optical grating device and optical systems employing same
    1.
    发明授权
    Tunable long-period optical grating device and optical systems employing same 失效
    可调谐长周期光栅装置和采用其的光学系统

    公开(公告)号：US5999671A

    公开(公告)日：1999-12-07

    申请号：US957956

    申请日：1997-10-27

    申请人： Sungho Jin ,  Paul Joseph Lemaire ,  Ashish Madhukar Vengsarkar

    发明人： Sungho Jin ,  Paul Joseph Lemaire ,  Ashish Madhukar Vengsarkar

    IPC分类号： G02B6/34

    CPC分类号： G02B6/29322 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/02204 ,  G02B6/29395 ,  G02B6/02095

    摘要： A device and method for dynamically tuning a long-period grating of an optical fiber is disclosed. The grating is made tunable by using a controlled strain imposed on the fiber adjacent the grating, wherein the strain comprises an electromechanical force, magnetostrictive force, magnetic force, or a thermally-induced force. An improved optical communication system comprising a dynamically gain-equalized amplifier device, a wavelength feedback device, and the tunable long-period grating device is also disclosed. In the communications system, the grating device is reconfigured to have a desired broadband filtering frequency, thus equalizing the amplifier gain, in response to feedback from the wavelength detector.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于动态调谐光纤的长周期光栅的装置和方法。 通过使用施加在光栅附近的光纤上的受控应变来使光栅可调，其中该应变包括机电力，磁致伸缩力，磁力或热诱导力。 还公开了一种包括动态增益均衡放大器装置，波长反馈装置和可调谐长周期光栅装置的改进的光通信系统。 在通信系统中，光栅装置被重新配置为具有期望的宽带滤波频率，因此响应于来自波长检测器的反馈而均衡放大器增益。

    Long-period fiber grating devices packaged for temperature stability
    2.
    发明授权
    Long-period fiber grating devices packaged for temperature stability 失效
    长周期光纤光栅器件封装温度稳定

    公开(公告)号：US5757540A

    公开(公告)日：1998-05-26

    申请号：US716658

    申请日：1996-09-06

    申请人： Justin Boyd Judkins ,  Paul Joseph Lemaire ,  Ashish Madhukar Vengsarkar

    发明人： Justin Boyd Judkins ,  Paul Joseph Lemaire ,  Ashish Madhukar Vengsarkar

    IPC分类号： G02B6/34 ,  H01S3/00

    CPC分类号： G02B6/02095 ,  G02B6/0218 ,  G02B6/0219 ,  H01S2301/04

    摘要： The present applicants have discovered that one can fabricate a long-period grating wherein the grating peak wavelength .lambda..sub.p will be shifted in different directions when the grating is subject to temperature and tensile strain, respectively. Accordingly, a long-period grating can be designed and packaged such that a temperature-induced shift in .lambda..sub.p is compensated by a corresponding strain-induced shift arising from a single packaging material. Thus, by proper design of the grating and choice of the packaging material expansion coefficient, a temperature stable grating having temperature sensitivity of less than 4 nm per 100.degree. C. can comprise a grating fiber encased in or attached to a package comprising a single material such as glass, polymer or metal. Such designs permit the use of long-period grating devices without temperature control.

    摘要翻译： 本申请人已经发现，可以制造长周期光栅，其中当光栅受到温度和拉伸应变时，光栅峰值波长λp将在不同方向上移位。 因此，可以设计和封装长周期光栅，使得λp中的温度诱导偏移由通过单个包装材料产生的相应的应变引起的偏移来补偿。 因此，通过光栅的适当设计和包装材料膨胀系数的选择，每100℃具有小于4nm的温度灵敏度的温度稳定的光栅可以包括封装在或附着到包括单一材料的封装的光栅纤维 如玻璃，聚合物或金属。 这种设计允许使用长周期光栅器件而不进行温度控制。

    Dispersion compensating optical fiber, and communication system comprising same
    3.
    发明授权
    Dispersion compensating optical fiber, and communication system comprising same 失效
    色散补偿光纤，以及包括该光纤的通信系统

    公开(公告)号：US5802234A

    公开(公告)日：1998-09-01

    申请号：US821507

    申请日：1997-03-21

    申请人： Ashish Madhukar Vengsarkar ,  Jefferson Lynn Wagener

    发明人： Ashish Madhukar Vengsarkar ,  Jefferson Lynn Wagener

    IPC分类号： G02B6/036 ,  H04B10/18 ,  G02B6/10

    CPC分类号： G02B6/02261 ,  G02B6/03644 ,  H04B10/2525

    摘要： Known dispersion-compensating (DC) optical fibers typically are sensitive to small changes in fiber parameter (e.g., fiber diameter and/or core refractive index), and thus are difficult to manufacture. The disclosed DC fibers are relatively insensitive to small departures from the nominal fiber parameters, and are therefore more manufacturable. Exemplarily, the nominal refractive index profile of a DC fiber is selected such that the fiber supports LP.sub.01 and LP.sub.02 (and typically one or more further higher order modes), and the dispersion is substantially all in LP.sub.02. The total dispersion is more negative than -200 ps/nm.km over a relatively wide wavelength range. The nominal refractive index profile typically comprises a refractive index "ring" that is spaced from the fiber core.

    摘要翻译： 已知的色散补偿（DC）光纤通常对纤维参数的小变化（例如，纤维直径和/或纤芯折射率）敏感，因此难以制造。 所公开的DC纤维对于与标称纤维参数的小偏离相对不敏感，因此更可制造。 示例性地，选择DC光纤的标称折射率分布，使得光纤支持LP01和LP02（并且通常一个或多个更高阶模），并且色散基本上全部在LP02中。 在相对较宽的波长范围内，总色散比-200ps / nm.km更负。 标称折射率分布通常包括与纤维芯间隔开的折射率“环”。

    Optical switching system and devices using a long period grating
    6.
    发明授权
    Optical switching system and devices using a long period grating 失效
    光交换系统和使用长周期光栅的器件

    公开(公告)号：US5647039A

    公开(公告)日：1997-07-08

    申请号：US572588

    申请日：1995-12-14

    申请人： Justin Boyd Judkins ,  Andrew John Stentz ,  Ashish Madhukar Vengsarkar

    发明人： Justin Boyd Judkins ,  Andrew John Stentz ,  Ashish Madhukar Vengsarkar

    IPC分类号： G02B6/28 ,  G02B6/26

    CPC分类号： G02B6/02195 ,  G02B6/02095 ,  G02B6/2848

    摘要： The present invention provides an optical switching system for use with an optical fiber that has a core of a prescribed refractive index and a cladding and that is configured to carry an optical signal of a prescribed bandwidth. Preferably, the optical fiber's core includes a photosensitive dopant. In a preferred embodiment, the optical switching system comprises an optical switch coupled to the optical fiber and includes a grating within the core. The optical switch has selectable non-diverting and forward-diverting modes of operation wherein the optical switch alters the prescribed refractive index: to render the grating substantially transparent to the optical signal as the optical switch operates in the non-diverting mode or, alternatively, to allow the grating to divert at least a portion of the optical signal forward and into the cladding as the optical switch operates in the forward-diverting mode. The grating rating preferably has a periodicity that increases a sensitivity of the grating to changes in the refractive index.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于光纤的光学开关系统，该光纤具有规定折射率的芯和包层，并且被配置为承载规定带宽的光信号。 优选地，光纤的芯包括光敏掺杂剂。 在优选实施例中，光开关系统包括耦合到光纤的光开关，并且在芯内包括光栅。 光学开关具有可选择的非转向和正向转向操作模式，其中光开关改变规定的折射率：当光开关以非转向模式操作时，使光栅基本上对于光信号是透明的，或者， 以允许光栅在光开关以前向分流模式操作时向前转移光信号的至少一部分并进入包层。 光栅等级优选具有增加光栅对折射率变化的灵敏度的周期性。

    Method and apparatus for monitoring multi-wavelength optical systems
    7.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for monitoring multi-wavelength optical systems 失效
    用于监测多波长光学系统的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US6078709A

    公开(公告)日：2000-06-20

    申请号：US968554

    申请日：1997-11-12

    申请人： Anatoli A. Abramov ,  Arturo Hale ,  Joel Leslie Mock ,  Thomas A. Strasser ,  Ashish Madhukar Vengsarkar

    发明人： Anatoli A. Abramov ,  Arturo Hale ,  Joel Leslie Mock ,  Thomas A. Strasser ,  Ashish Madhukar Vengsarkar

    IPC分类号： G02B26/00 ,  G02F1/313 ,  H04B10/02 ,  H04B10/152 ,  H04J14/00 ,  H04J14/02 ,  G02B6/34

    CPC分类号： H04J14/0221 ,  H04B10/07955

    摘要： Embodiments of the invention include an optical fiber system and method for separating the different wavelengths of transmitted light transmitted therethrough and for monitoring the respective optical power in the separated spectral components. More specifically, embodiments of the invention scan or modify the physical parameters of in-fiber gratings that couple light between spatially different modes of light within a wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) optical fiber system, separate the spatial modes using a mode-discriminating device (MDD) and monitor or detect the separated spectral components using a conventional or other suitable detector. By scanning the in-fiber gratings, the peak wavelength of coupling between two dissimilar modes is modified, thus allowing control of the coupling within the fiber optic system. Scanning the grating is performed, e.g., by changing the temperature or modifying the physical dimensions of the grating. In one embodiment, the system employs a long-period grating that couples light between two co-propagating, spatially different modes. In an alternative embodiment, the system uses a short-period grating that couples light between a forward propagating mode and a spatially dissimilar, backward propagating mode.

    摘要翻译： 本发明的实施例包括用于分离透过其中的透射光的不同波长的光纤系统和方法，用于监测分离的光谱分量中的相应光功率。 更具体地，本发明的实施例扫描或修改在波分复用（WDM）光纤系统内在空间上不同的光模之间耦合光的光纤内光栅的物理参数，使用模式识别 设备（MDD），并使用常规或其他合适的检测器监测或检测分离的光谱分量。 通过扫描光纤内光栅，修改两个不同模式之间耦合的峰值波长，从而允许控制光纤系统内的耦合。 例如通过改变温度或改变光栅的物理尺寸来执行扫描光栅。 在一个实施例中，该系统采用在两个共同传播的空间不同模式之间耦合光的长周期光栅。 在替代实施例中，系统使用在正向传播模式和空间不相似的反向传播模式之间耦合光的短周期光栅。

    Recoatable temperature-insensitive long-period gratings
    8.
    发明授权
    Recoatable temperature-insensitive long-period gratings 失效
    可重复的温度不敏感长周期光栅

    公开(公告)号：US6011886A

    公开(公告)日：2000-01-04

    申请号：US951778

    申请日：1997-10-16

    申请人： Anatoli A. Abramov ,  Arturo Hale ,  Ashish Madhukar Vengsarkar

    发明人： Anatoli A. Abramov ,  Arturo Hale ,  Ashish Madhukar Vengsarkar

    IPC分类号： G02B5/18 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/10 ,  G02B6/293 ,  G02B6/34 ,  H01S3/06 ,  H04B10/12

    CPC分类号： G02B6/02095 ,  G02B6/0219 ,  G02B6/03644

    摘要： Applicants have determined that the temperature sensitivity of long period grating devices is substantially affected by the provision of a polymeric coating over the conventional glass cladding and, in particular, that by providing a polymer overcoating with an appropriately selected index of refraction, one can minimize temperature sensitivity. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature sensitivity of a long period grating written in conventional dispersion-shifted fiber is reduced to 0.40 nm/100.degree. C.

    摘要翻译： 申请人已经确定长期光栅装置的温度敏感性基本上受传统玻璃包层上的聚合物涂层的影响，特别是通过提供具有适当选择的折射率的聚合物外涂层，可以最小化温度 灵敏度。 在优选实施例中，将常规色散位移光纤中写入的长周期光栅的温度灵敏度降低至0.40nm / 100℃。