公开(公告)号：US20040163312A1

公开(公告)日：2004-08-26

申请号：US10783505

申请日：2004-02-20

申请人： Texaco Inc. ,  TEXACO DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION

发明人： David P. Bloomfield ,  James F. Stevens

IPC分类号： B01J008/00 ,  C10J003/20

CPC分类号： C01B3/382 ,  B01J19/0006 ,  B01J2219/00006 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C01B3/56 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/0425 ,  C01B2203/0475 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/1247 ,  C01B2203/127 ,  C01B2203/1288 ,  C01B2203/1294 ,  C01B2203/141 ,  C01B2203/142 ,  H01M8/04022 ,  H01M8/0618 ,  H01M8/0668 ,  H01M8/0675

摘要： Method and apparatus for steam reforming a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon fuel, such as a diesel hydrocarbon fuel. The apparatus includes a desulphurization unit, a pre-reformer, and a steam reforming unit. A carbon dioxide fixing material is present in the steam reforming catalyst bed to fix carbon dioxide that is produced by the reforming reaction. The carbon dioxide fixing material is an alkaline earth oxide, a doped alkaline earth oxide or a mixture thereof. The fixing of carbon dioxide within the steam reforming catalyst bed creates an equilibrium shift in the steam reforming reaction to produce more hydrogen and less carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide fixed in the catalyst bed can be released by heating the carbon dioxide fixing material or catalyst bed to a temperature in excess of the steam reforming temperature. Fuel processors having multiple catalyst beds and methods and apparatus for generating electricity utilizing such fuel processors in conjunction with a fuel cell are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 用于蒸汽重整含硫烃燃料如柴油碳氢燃料的方法和装置。 该设备包括脱硫单元，预重整器和蒸汽重整单元。 在蒸汽重整催化剂床中存在二氧化碳固定材料，以固定由重整反应产生的二氧化碳。 二氧化碳固定材料是碱土金属氧化物，掺杂的碱土金属氧化物或其混合物。 在蒸汽重整催化剂床内固定二氧化碳在蒸汽重整反应中产生平衡变化，以产生更多的氢和较少的一氧化碳。 可以通过将二氧化碳固定材料或催化剂床加热到超过蒸汽重整温度的温度来释放固定在催化剂床中的二氧化碳。 还公开了具有多个催化剂床的燃料处理器以及与燃料电池结合使用这种燃料处理器发电的方法和装置。

公开(公告)号：US20040197718A1

公开(公告)日：2004-10-07

申请号：US10407290

申请日：2003-04-04

申请人： Texaco Inc.

发明人： Vijay Anant Deshpande ,  Curtis L. Krause ,  Paul Francis Martin ,  Kevin Hoa Nguyen ,  James F. Stevens ,  William Spencer Wheat

IPC分类号： F23B001/00

CPC分类号： F23C13/02 ,  C01B3/34 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/0822 ,  C01B2203/1258 ,  F23C13/00 ,  F23C2900/03002 ,  F23D14/66 ,  F23L2900/07009 ,  H01M8/0631 ,  Y02E20/348 ,  Y02P20/128 ,  Y02P70/56 ,  Y10T29/49348

摘要： A combustor for oxidizing a combustion fuel and pre-heating one or more reactants for fuel reforming. The combustor includes an elongated housing having an inlet for receiving a combustion fuel and an outlet for exhausting combustion products. The elongated housing further includes a cylindrical side wall, a bottom wall, and a top wall. Inert particles are disposed within the housing adjacent the inlet. A combustion catalyst bed is disposed within the housing above the inert particles that is a mixture of inert particles and combustion catalyst. The inert particles and the combustion catalyst preferably have a volumetric ratio of inert particles to catalyst between about 2:1 and about 4:1. The combustor has at least one heat exchanger within the combustion catalyst bed for heating a reformer reactant and generating steam. Preferably, the combustor includes at least two heat exchangers within the combustion catalyst bed, the heat exchanging elements have different surface areas. The combustor can include at least one sensor for measuring temperature within the combustor, and preferably the reactor includes two or more sensors for measuring temperature at two or more locations within the combustion catalyst bed. A power-generating apparatus comprising the combustor, a fuel processor and fuel cell is also provided. Methods for pre-heating a reactant and generating steam for use in a fuel reformer and for manufacturing a combustor for use in fuel reforming are provided.

摘要翻译： 一种用于氧化燃烧燃料并预热一种或多种用于燃料重整的反应物的燃烧器。 燃烧器包括具有用于接收燃烧燃料的入口和用于排出燃烧产物的出口的细长壳体。 细长壳体还包括圆柱形侧壁，底壁和顶壁。 惰性颗粒被布置在邻近入口的壳体内。 燃烧催化剂床设置在惰性颗粒之外的壳体内，惰性颗粒是惰性颗粒和燃烧催化剂的混合物。 惰性颗粒和燃烧催化剂优选惰性颗粒与催化剂的体积比在约2:1和约4:1之间。 燃烧器具有在燃烧催化剂床内的至少一个热交换器，用于加热重整器反应物并产生蒸汽。 优选地，燃烧器在燃烧催化剂床内包括至少两个热交换器，热交换元件具有不同的表面积。 燃烧器可以包括至少一个用于测量燃烧室内的温度的传感器，并且优选地，反应器包括用于测量燃烧催化剂床内的两个或多个位置处的温度的两个或更多个传感器。 还提供了包括燃烧器，燃料处理器和燃料电池的发电设备。 提供了用于预热反应物并产生用于燃料重整器中的蒸汽并用于制造用于燃料重整的燃烧器的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20040197246A1

公开(公告)日：2004-10-07

申请号：US10407312

申请日：2003-04-04

申请人： Texaco Inc.

发明人： James F. Stevens ,  Curtis L. Krause ,  Paul Francis Martin ,  Vijay Anant Deshpande

IPC分类号： B01J008/02

CPC分类号： C01B3/16 ,  B01J8/025 ,  B01J8/0271 ,  B01J8/0285 ,  B01J8/0292 ,  B01J8/0453 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  B01J2208/00141 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C01B3/386 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/0261 ,  C01B2203/0288 ,  C01B2203/0883 ,  C01B2203/1011 ,  H01M8/0618 ,  H01M8/0668 ,  Y02P70/56 ,  Y10T29/49391

摘要： A compact fuel processing reactor. The reactor includes a housing having an inlet for receiving a process gas and an outlet for a directing a product gas out of the housing. A catalyst bed that includes discrete particles of a refractory material is located within the housing for contacting the process gas. A coiled tubing heat exchanger is at least partially disposed within the catalyst bed for cooling the catalyst bed. The coiled tubing can comprise a smooth continuous outer surface in intimate contact with the discrete particles. The circulating cooling medium comprises water in liquid, gas or a mixture of liquid and gas phases. The discrete particles in the catalyst bed are in intimate contact with at least a portion of the coiled tubing to promote heat transfer from the catalyst bed to the coiled tubing. The heat exchanger has less than about 25, preferably less than about 20, more preferably less than about 15, and still more preferably less than about 10 square meters of heat exchanging surface area per cubic meter of catalyst bed. The catalyst bed can be a water gas shift, desulfurization or reforming bed. The reactor can include one or more additional catalyst beds arranged in series such that the housing enclosed a shift catalyst bed as well as a desulphurization bed and/or a reforming bed. Methods of cooling a catalyst bed within a compact reactor and methods of manufacturing a compact reactor are also provided.

摘要翻译： 紧凑的燃料处理反应堆。 反应器包括具有用于接收处理气体的入口和用于将产物气体引导出壳体的出口的壳体。 包括耐火材料的离散颗粒的催化剂床位于壳体内用于接触工艺气体。 连续油管热交换器至少部分地布置在催化剂床内以冷却催化剂床。 连续油管可以包括与离散颗粒紧密接触的光滑的连续外表面。 循环冷却介质包括液体中的水，气体或液相和气相的混合物。 催化剂床中的离散颗粒与至少一部分连续油管紧密接触以促进从催化剂床到连续油管的热传递。 热交换器的每立方米催化剂床的热交换表面积小于约25，优选小于约20，更优选小于约15，还更优选小于约10平方米。 催化剂床可以是水煤气变换，脱硫或重整床。 反应器可以包括串联布置的一个或多个另外的催化剂床，使得壳体包围换档催化剂床以及脱硫床和/或重整床。 还提供了在紧凑型反应器内冷却催化剂床的方法和制造紧凑型反应器的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20040194381A1

公开(公告)日：2004-10-07

申请号：US10407316

申请日：2003-04-04

申请人： Texaco Inc.

发明人： William Spencer Wheat ,  James F. Stevens ,  Curtis L. Krause ,  Jeffrey A. Hedges ,  Eric G. Pow

IPC分类号： G05D001/00 ,  B32B027/04 ,  C10J003/20

CPC分类号： C01B3/382 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J19/0006 ,  B01J2208/00079 ,  B01J2219/00011 ,  B01J2219/00022 ,  B01J2219/00182 ,  B01J2219/00268 ,  B01J2219/0027 ,  C01B2203/0244 ,  C01B2203/0283 ,  C01B2203/044 ,  C01B2203/047 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/0844 ,  C01B2203/1005 ,  C01B2203/1023 ,  C01B2203/1064 ,  C01B2203/1241 ,  C01B2203/127 ,  C01B2203/1276 ,  C01B2203/142 ,  C01B2203/82 ,  H01M8/04097 ,  H01M8/0618 ,  H01M8/0631 ,  H01M8/2475 ,  H01M2250/30 ,  Y02B90/18

摘要： A portable fuel processing apparatus and enclosure including an enclosure having an outer wall that defines an interior space and provides a gas impermeable barrier. Attached to the enclosure is porting means for use in moving the enclosure from one location to another. A fuel reformer capable of providing sufficient hydrogen-rich reformate to a fuel cell stack for use in generating at least about 1 kW per hour is disposed within the enclosure. An optional gas detection system includes a sensor disposed within the enclosure to monitor the interior of the enclosure for presence of combustible gases. The portable apparatus can have a number of connectors for connecting the enclosure and the fuel processing systems to a source of a reformer fuel and water as well as a domestic drain. Preferred sources of fuel and water are common utility lines available in buildings. Additional connectors can be provided to couple the fuel processor with a fuel cell, for used in delivering a reformate stream, air stream and circulating cooling medium to a fuel cell and for returning a fuel cell exhaust stream to the enclosure. Moreover, the portable fuel processing apparatus and enclosure can further include connectors for establishing electronic communications with a remote process control unit. A method of installing the portable fuel processing apparatus is also provided.

摘要翻译： 一种便携式燃料处理装置和外壳，包括具有限定内部空间并提供气体不可渗透屏障的外壁的外壳。 附着在外壳上的是用于将外壳从一个位置移动到另一个位置的移动装置。 能够向燃料电池堆提供足够的富氢重整产品，用于每小时生产至少约1千瓦的燃料重整器设置在外壳内。 可选的气体检测系统包括设置在外壳内的传感器，以监测外壳的内部是否存在可燃气体。 便携式设备可以具有多个用于将外壳和燃料处理系统连接到重整器燃料和水以及国内排放源的连接器。 燃料和水的首选来源是建筑物中可用的通用电力线路。 可以提供附加的连接器以将燃料处理器与燃料电池连接，用于将重整物流，空气流和循环冷却介质输送到燃料电池并用于将燃料电池排气流返回到外壳。 此外，便携式燃料处理装置和外壳还可以包括用于与远程过程控制单元建立电子通信的连接器。 还提供了一种安装便携式燃料处理装置的方法。