摘要:
The invention relates to a device for the production of high-melting glass materials or high-melting glass ceramic materials, comprising a vessel for accommodating molten glass and a container that accommodates the vessel, whereby the vessel has a tubular outlet. According to the invention, the device is characterised by the fact that the vessel and a first section of the tubular outlet if formed of iridium or a material with a high iridium content, whereby the container is designed to accommodate the vessel and the first section of the tubular outlet under a protective gas atmosphere. The invention also relates to a corresponding method. The molten glass is shaped into a formed part in a discontinuous operation. The choice of the material for the vessel used as the crucible allows the attainment of high temperatures according to the invention which enables glass materials or glass ceramic materials with a much higher spectral transmission in the visible wavelength range. The use of an inert protective gas enables the prevention of unwanted oxide formation on the vessel and the tubular outlet. According to the invention, the glass can be used as a transitional glass between types of glass with very different coefficients of thermal expansion.
摘要:
The invention relates to novel uses of glass ceramics, wherein glass ceramics, in particular, in the form of a glass ceramic tube, are used. Said glass ceramics contain 0—less than 4 wt % P205 and 0 less than 8 wt-% CaO. The tubes can be used in multiple areas of application and/or in multiple types of lamps, for example in general lighting or car lights and in heat radiators, such as halogen lamps or incandescent lamps, and/or in high pressure discharge lamps or low pressure discharge lamps. The glass ceramics, can also, in particular, be minimised in order to form known backlighting in conjunction with background lighting of flat screens. Said type of glass ceramics have excellent spectral transmission in the visible wave length rang and are solarisation stable and absorb strong UV light.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及玻璃陶瓷的新用途,其中使用玻璃陶瓷,特别是玻璃陶瓷管的形式。 所述玻璃陶瓷含有0重量%以下的P 2 O 5,0以上0重量%以下。 管可用于多种应用领域和/或多种类型的灯,例如在一般的照明或汽车灯和散热器(例如卤素灯或白炽灯)和/或高压放电灯或低 压力放电灯。 特别地,玻璃陶瓷也可以最小化,以便与平面屏幕的背景照明结合形成已知的背光。 所述类型的玻璃陶瓷在可见光波长范围内具有优异的光谱透射率,并且具有光谱稳定性并吸收强紫外光。
摘要:
The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the production of high-melting glass materials or high-melting glass ceramic materials by a process during which a temperature of a molten mass exceeds 1,760° C., wherein a shard material or raw material is molten to a molten mass, the molten mass is fined, and the molten mass emerges via a tubular outlet made of iridium or an iridium alloy having an iridium content of at least 50 wt.-%. According to the invention the temperature of a section of said tubular outlet, which is in contact with the ambient atmosphere having a natural gas composition, is controlled or regulated such that said temperature is held below 1,000° C. except during pouring out the molten mass out of said tubular outlet. Thus, an oxidative decomposition of the apparatus can be prevented.
摘要:
The double crucible for a glass drawing method has a heatable outer crucible (1) and an inner crucible (2) surrounded by the outer crucible (1), which is heatable separately from the outer crucible (1). Both crucibles (1,2) have an outlet nozzle (1a, 2a) for the glass to be drawn. To make glass fibers from heavy metal oxide glass (HMO-glass) with higher quality and comparatively simple crucible features, the outlet nozzle (1a) of the outer crucible (1) extends a certain distance beyond the outlet nozzle (2a) of the inner crucible (2). Surfaces of the outlet nozzles coming in contact with the glass melt are polished and are provided on a material, which has a reducing action on heavy metal glass in the melt in all cases. These surfaces also have sufficient mechanical strength for and chemical inertness to heavy metal oxide glass.
摘要:
Zinc-containing optical glass materials with a refractive index nd between 1.52 and 1.66, an Abbe number νd of between 35 and 54 and a composition (in % by weight based on oxide) of: SiO2 38-58, ZnO 0.3-42, PbO 0-
摘要翻译:折射率nd在1.52和1.66之间的含锌光学玻璃材料,阿贝数nud在35和54之间,组成(以氧化物重量%计)为:SiO 2 38-58,ZnO 0.3-42,PbO 0〜30,ZnO + PbO 20-55,Li 2 O 0〜3,NA 2 O 0-14,K 2 O 12〜12,Li 2 O + Na 2 O + K 2 O 2 = F 0-3,MgO 0-6,CaO 0〜 <5,SrO 0-6,BaO 0- <0.9,B 2 O 3 0- <1,AL 2 O 3 0- <1.5和ZRO 2 0-,以及(如果合适的话)常规量的澄清剂。
摘要:
Zinc-containing optical glass materials with a refractive index nd between 1.52 and 1.66, an Abbe number νd of between 35 and 54 and a composition (in % by weight based on oxide) of: SiO2 38–58, ZnO 0.3–42, PbO 0–
摘要翻译:具有介于1.52和1.66之间的折射率n D u>的含Zn的光学玻璃材料,35至54之间的阿贝数nu sub>以及组成(以重量%计 氧化物):SiO 2 38-58,ZnO 0.3-42,PbO 0- <30,ZnO + PbO 20-55,Li 2 O 0- 3 ,NA 2 O 0-14,K 2 O 0-12,Li 2 O + Na 2 O + K 2 O 2 = 2,F 0-3,MgO 0-6,CaO 0- <5,SrO 0-6,BaO 0- <0.9,B 2 SUB 3 O 3 - 0 - <1,AL 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,如果合适,以常规金额提炼精炼剂。
摘要:
Zinc-containing optical glass materials with a refractive index nd between 1.52 and 1.66, an Abbe number vd of between 35 and 54 and a composition (in % by weight based on oxide) of: SiO2 38-58, ZnO 0.3-42, PbO 0-
摘要翻译:折射率nd在1.52和1.66之间的含锌光学玻璃材料,阿贝数vd在35和54之间,组成(以氧化物重量%计):SiO 2 38-58,ZnO 0.3-42,PbO 0〜30,ZnO + PbO 20-55,Li 2 O 0〜3,NA 2 O 0-14,K 2 O 12〜12,Li 2 O + Na 2 O + K 2 O 2 = F 0-3,MgO 0-6,CaO 0〜 <5,SrO 0-6,BaO 0- <0.9,B 2 O 3 0- <1,AL 2 O 3 0- <1.5和ZRO 2 0-,以及(如果合适的话)常规量的澄清剂。
摘要:
A method and device for nozzle-injection of gas into molten glass is disclosed wherein a gas stream is introduced into the molten glass in a temporally pulsed throughput such that the gas stream is interrupted between two sequential pulses, the duration of each pulse amounting to less than one second.
摘要:
A transparent or translucent inorganic material, especially a glass-ceramic and/or composite material, is provided with a low average thermal longitudinal expansion coefficient, .alpha., of from -1.times.10.sup.-6 K.sup.-1 to +2.times.10.sup.-6 K.sup.-1 in the temperature range of -50.degree.-700.degree. C., with the following composition (in weight percent):Li.sub.2 O, 2.5-6.0; Na.sub.2 O, 0-4.0; K.sub.2 O, 0-4.0; Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O, 0.2-4.0; MgO, 0-3.0; ZnO, 0-3.0; BaO, 0-3.5; CaO, 0-1.0; SrO, 0-1.0; Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 18-28; SiO.sub.2, 50-70; TiO.sub.2, 1.0-7.0; ZrO.sub.2, 0-3.5; TiO.sub.2 +ZrO.sub.2, 1.0-7.0; and P.sub.2 O.sub.5, 0-8.0,optionally with coloring components (in weight percent):V.sub.2 O.sub.5, 0-2.0; Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-2.0; MnO, 0-2.0; Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-2.0; CoO, 0-2.0; and NiO, 0-2.0,optionally, conventional refining agents, such as As.sub.2 O.sub.3, Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, NaCl, and Ce.sub.2 O.sub.3, and optionally with high quartz (h-quartz) and/or keatite mixed crystals as the essential crystalline phase. The material exhibits a settable transmission and is suitable, in particular, for the production of plates, pipes, and molded articles, wherein the inorganic material has a water content of less than 0.03 mol/l.
摘要:
A process for shaping a body with elongate structures on its surface, bodies produced using the process, and to apparatuses having these bodies are provided. For this purpose, a preform is provided, at the surface, with structures which are elongate along one direction, the preform is heated at least in one region and the preform is drawn in the heated state until at least part of the preform has adopted a cross section which substantially corresponds to the desired cross-sectional shape or final cross-sectional shape. The preform is heated by means of radiation which has a spectral distribution which is such that at most half of the radiation power is absorbed during a single pass through the material.