公开(公告)号：US20130192351A1

公开(公告)日：2013-08-01

申请号：US13583062

申请日：2011-03-09

申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Douglas H. Loose ,  James M. Sullivan ,  John Biesak ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Michael A. Davis

发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Douglas H. Loose ,  James M. Sullivan ,  John Biesak ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Michael A. Davis

IPC分类号： G01N29/02

CPC分类号： G01N29/02 ,  B03D1/028 ,  G01F1/7082 ,  G01F1/712 ,  G01F1/74 ,  G01L11/04 ,  G01N29/024 ,  G01N2291/011 ,  G01N2291/02433

摘要： The invention provides a signal processor that receives a signal containing information about an acoustic signal that is generated by at least one acoustic transmitter, that travels through an aerated fluid in a container, and that is received by at least one acoustic receiver arranged in relation to the container, including inside the container; and determines the gas volume fraction of the aerated fluid based at least partly on the speed of sound measurement of the acoustic signal that travels through the aerated fluid in the container. The signal processor also sends an output signal containing information about the gas volume fraction of the aerated fluid. The signal processor may be configured together with at least one acoustic transmitter, the at least one acoustic receiver, or both.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种信号处理器，其接收包含由至少一个声发射器产生的声信号的信号，所述信号传播通过容器中的充气流体，并且由至少一个声接收器接收，所述至少一个声接收器相对于 容器，包括在容器内; 并且至少部分地基于穿过容器中的充气流体的声信号的声音测量速度来确定充气流体的气体体积分数。 信号处理器还发送包含关于充气流体的气体体积分数的信息的输出信号。 信号处理器可以与至少一个声发射器，至少一个声接收器或两者配置。

公开(公告)号：US20110056298A1

公开(公告)日：2011-03-10

申请号：US12922261

申请日：2009-03-16

申请人： Christian Victor O'keefe ,  Robert J. Maron ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Alex M. Van der Spek ,  Michael A. Davis ,  John V. Viega

发明人： Christian Victor O'keefe ,  Robert J. Maron ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Alex M. Van der Spek ,  Michael A. Davis ,  John V. Viega

IPC分类号： G01N29/04

CPC分类号： G01N29/04 ,  G01B17/02 ,  G01N29/2437

摘要： The present invention provides new techniques for non-invasive and real-time measurement of the velocity profile of slurry flow in horizontal pipes, as well as the measurement and trending of pipe wear on slurry lines. In the first case, this information can be used to determine the approach and onset of solid deposition on the bottom of the pipe. Having this information in real time can enable operation at lower velocities or higher solids concentration or both while avoiding solids deposition or plugging and their associated operational costs. In the second case, the present invention uses a permanently or semi-permanently installed ring of conformable ultrasonic transducers clamped onto the outside of the pipe. These transducers are used to measure the thickness of the pipe under their respective locations.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了用于非侵入式和实时测量水平管道中浆料流速度分布的新技术，以及浆料管线上管道磨损的测量和趋势。 在第一种情况下，该信息可用于确定管道底部固体沉积的方法和开始。 实时获得这些信息可以使运行速度更低，固体浓度更高，同时避免固体沉积或堵塞及其相关的运营成本。 在第二种情况下，本发明使用永久地或半永久地安装的适配超声波换能器的环夹在管的外部。 这些传感器用于测量管道在各自位置下的厚度。

公开(公告)号：US06621957B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-16

申请号：US09699940

申请日：2000-10-30

申请人： James M. Sullivan ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor MacDougall ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

发明人： James M. Sullivan ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor MacDougall ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

IPC分类号： G02B634

CPC分类号： G02F1/0115 ,  G02B6/0218 ,  H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/1028

摘要： A temperature compensated optical device includes a compression-tuned glass element 10 having a Bragg grating 12 therein, a compensating material spacer 26 and an end cap 28 all held within an outer shell 30. The element 10, end cap 28 and shell 30 are made of a material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), e.g., silica, quartz, etc. and the spacer 26 is made of a material having a higher CTE, e.g., metal, Pyrex®, ceramic, etc. The material and length L5 of the spacer 26 is selected to offset the upward grating wavelength shift due to temperature. As temperature rises, the spacer 26 expands faster than the silica structure causing a compressive strain to be exerted on the element 10, which shifts the wavelength of the grating 12 down to balance the intrinsic temperature induces wavelength shift up. As a result, the grating 12 wavelength is substantially unchanged over a wide temperature range. The element 10 includes either an optical fiber having at least one Bragg grating 12 impressed therein encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube or a large diameter waveguide (or cane) with a grating 12 having a core 11 and a wide cladding, which does not buckle over a large range of compressive axial strains. The element may have a “dogbone” shape to amplify compressive strain on the grating 12. The device 8 may also be placed in an axially tunable system that allows the wavelength to be dynamically tuned while remaining athermal. In addition to a grating, the device may be an athermal laser, DFB laser, etc. Also, the entire device 8 may be all made of monolithic glass materials.

摘要翻译： 温度补偿光学器件包括其中具有布拉格光栅12的压缩调谐玻璃元件10，补偿材料间隔件26和端盖28，所述补偿材料间隔件26和端盖28都保持在外壳30内。元件10，端帽28和壳体30被制成 具有低热膨胀系数（CTE）的材料，例如二氧化硅，石英等，并且间隔物26由具有较高CTE（例如金属，Pyrex，陶瓷等）的材料制成。 选择间隔件26的材料和长度L5以抵消由于温度引起的向上光栅波长偏移。 随着温度升高，间隔件26比二氧化硅结构膨胀得更快，导致施加在元件10上的压缩应变，其将光栅12的波长向下移动以平衡本征温度，从而引起波长向上移动。 结果，光栅12的波长在宽温度范围内基本上不变。 元件10包括具有至少一个布拉格光栅12的光纤，该光纤封装在玻璃毛细管或大直径波导（或甘蔗）的至少一部分内并与其融合，其中光栅12具有芯11和 宽的包层，其在大范围的压缩轴向应变下不扣合。 元件可以具有“狗骨”形状以放大光栅12上的压缩应变。器件8也可以放置在轴向可调谐系统中，其允许波长被动态调谐而保持不耐热。 除了光栅之外，该器件可以是无热激光器，DFB激光器等。此外，整个器件8可以全部由单片玻璃材料制成。

公开(公告)号：US06519388B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-11

申请号：US09455865

申请日：1999-12-06

申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Peter Ogle ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Peter Ogle ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

IPC分类号： G02B634

CPC分类号： G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/0218

摘要： A tube-encased fiber grating includes an optical fiber 10 having at least one Bragg grating 12 impressed therein which is embedded within a glass capillary tube 20. Light 14 is incident on the grating 12 and light 16 is reflected at a reflection wavelength &lgr;1. The shape of the tube 20 may be other geometries (e.g., a “dogbone” shape) and/or more than one concentric tube may be used or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used. The fiber 10 may be doped at least between a pair of gratings 150,152, encased in the tube 20 to form a tube-encased compression-tuned fiber laser or the grating 12 or gratings 150,152 may be constructed as a tunable DFB fiber laser encased in the tube 20. Also, the tube 20 may have an inner region 22 which is tapered away from the fiber 10 to provide strain relief for the fiber 10, or the tube 20 may have tapered (or fluted) sections 27 which have an outer geometry that decreases down to the fiber 10 and provides added fiber pull strength. Also, the tube-encased grating 12 exhibits lower mode coupling from the fiber core to the cladding modes due to the increased diameter of the cladding where the tube 20 is fused to the fiber 10 where the grating is located 12.

摘要翻译： 管状光纤光栅包括光纤10，其具有嵌入其中的至少一个布拉格光栅12，该布拉格光栅12嵌入玻璃毛细管20内。光14入射到光栅12上，光16以反射波长lambd1反射。 管20的形状可以是其他几何形状（例如，“狗骨”形状）和/或可以使用多于一个的同心管，或者可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅。 纤维10可以至少掺杂在一对光栅150,152之间，封装在管20中以形成管封装的压缩调谐光纤激光器，或者光栅12或光栅150,152可被构造为包含在该光纤12中的可调DFB光纤激光器。 管20也可以具有内部区域22，该内部区域22远离纤维10逐渐变细，以为纤维10提供应变消除，或者管20可以具有锥形（或凹槽）部分27，其具有外部几何形状 降低到纤维10并提供增加的纤维拉伸强度。 此外，由于包层的直径增加，管20被熔合到光栅位于12处的光纤10，管状光栅12表现出从纤维芯到包层模式的较低模式耦合。

公开(公告)号：US20140301902A1

公开(公告)日：2014-10-09

申请号：US13983398

申请日：2012-02-06

申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey

发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey

IPC分类号： B01J19/10

CPC分类号： B01J19/10 ,  B01J2219/0877 ,  B03D1/028 ,  G01F23/2961 ,  G01F23/2967

摘要： Apparatus features a container and a transducer. The container is made of a selected material and has a container wall with a selected thickness, and configured to hold a fluid therein. The transducer is configured on the outside of the container wall, and is also configured to provide a standing wave into the fluid. The selected thickness and material of the container wall is chosen to ensure about a ½ wavelength of a desired frequency exists within the container wall, so as to substantially reduce back reflections toward the transducer due to any mismatch in acoustic impedance at the interface between the container wall and the fluid, and so as to substantially maximize the amount of energy delivered to the fluid, thus improving the operating efficiency of the apparatus.

摘要翻译： 装置具有容器和换能器。 容器由选定的材料制成并且具有选定厚度的容器壁，并且构造成在其中容纳流体。 换能器构造在容器壁的外侧，并且还构造成将静音提供到流体中。 选择容器壁的所选厚度和材料以确保在容器壁内存在所需频率的1/2波长，从而基本上减小朝向换能器的反射反射，因为在容器之间的界面处的声阻抗的任何失配 壁和流体，并且基本上使输送到流体的能量的量最大化，从而提高了设备​​的操作效率。

公开(公告)号：US07895903B2

公开(公告)日：2011-03-01

申请号：US12620796

申请日：2009-11-18

申请人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald

发明人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald

IPC分类号： G01F1/60 ,  G01F23/00

CPC分类号： G01F1/7082 ,  G01F1/666 ,  G01F1/667 ,  G01F1/704 ,  G01F1/712 ,  G01F1/74

摘要： A method and apparatus for determining at least one characteristic of a fluid flowing within a pipe is provided and includes at least one sensing device. The at least one sensing device includes a first sensor segment having a first segment polarity and being associated with a first outer portion of the pipe and a second sensor segment having a second segment polarity and being associated with a second outer portion of the pipe, wherein the first sensor segment and the second sensor segment generate sensor data responsive to the fluid flowing within the pipe. The apparatus further includes a processing device communicated with the at least one sensing device, wherein the processing device receives the sensor data and processes the sensor data to determine the at least one characteristic of the fluid.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于确定在管内流动的流体的至少一种特性的方法和装置，并且包括至少一个感测装置。 所述至少一个感测装置包括具有第一段极性并与管的第一外部部分相关联的第一传感器段和具有第二段极性并与管的第二外部部分相关联的第二传感器段，其中 第一传感器段和第二传感器段响应于在管内流动的流体产生传感器数据。 所述装置还包括与所述至少一个感测装置通信的处理装置，其中所述处理装置接收所述传感器数据并处理所述传感器数据以确定所述流体的所述至少一个特性。

公开(公告)号：US07474966B2

公开(公告)日：2009-01-06

申请号：US11521627

申请日：2006-09-14

申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Douglas Loose ,  Timothy J. Bailey

发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Douglas Loose ,  Timothy J. Bailey

IPC分类号： G06F19/00

CPC分类号： G01F1/712 ,  G01F1/74

摘要： A apparatus 10,110,170 is provided that measures the speed of sound and/or vortical disturbances propagating in a single phase fluid flow and/or multiphase mixture to determine parameters, such as mixture quality, particle size, vapor/mass ratio, liquid/vapor ratio, mass flow rate, enthalpy and volumetric flow rate of the flow in a pipe, by measuring acoustic and/or dynamic pressures. The apparatus includes a spatial array of unsteady pressure sensors 15-18 placed at predetermined axial locations x1-xN disposed axially along the pipe 14. The pressure sensors 15-18 provide acoustic pressure signals P1(t)-PN(t) to a signal processing unit 30 which determines the speed of sound amix propagating through of the process flow 12 flowing in the pipe 14. The pressure sensors are piezoelectric film sensors that are mounted or clamped onto the outer surface of the pipe at the respective axial location.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种装置10,110,170，其测量在单相流体流和/或多相混合物中传播的声速和/或涡流干扰的速度，以确定参数，例如混合质量，粒度，蒸气/质量比，液体/蒸气比， 质量流量，管道中流量的焓和体积流量，通过测量声学和/或动态压力。 该装置包括放置在沿管14轴向设置的预定轴向位置x1-xN处的不稳定压力传感器15-18的空间阵列。压力传感器15-18向信号提供声压信号P1（t）-PN（t） 处理单元30，其确定在管14中流动的工艺流程12传播的声音amix的速度。压力传感器是压电膜传感器，其在相应的轴向位置处安装或夹紧在管的外表面上。

公开(公告)号：US07330797B2

公开(公告)日：2008-02-12

申请号：US11592915

申请日：2006-11-03

申请人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald

发明人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald

IPC分类号： G01F23/00

CPC分类号： G01F1/704 ,  G01F1/74

摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring a parameter of a flow passing through a pipe is provided, wherein the apparatus includes at least two spatial array of sensors disposed at different axial locations along the pipe, wherein each of the sensors provide a signal indicative of unsteady pressure created by coherent structures convecting with the flow within the pipe at a corresponding axial location of the pipe. The apparatus also includes a signal processor configured to determine the flow rate at the circumference location of each sensor array in response to the respective measured unsteady pressures. The signal processor compares the velocity of the flow at each respective location and provides a signal indicative the presence of solids settled at the bottom of the pipe and/or the level of the settled solids in the pipe, in response to an uncharacteristic increase in the velocity of a lower portion of the flow in comparison to the velocity measured above the lower portion of the flow.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于测量通过管道的流量的参数的方法和装置，其中所述装置包括设置在沿着管道的不同轴向位置处的至少两个传感器的空间阵列，其中每个传感器提供指示不稳定压力的信号 通过在管道中相应的轴向位置处的管内流动的相干结构产生。 该装置还包括信号处理器，其被配置为响应于各自测量的不稳定压力来确定每个传感器阵列的圆周位置处的流速。 信号处理器将每个相应位置处的流速进行比较，并提供指示在管的底部沉降的固体的存在和/或管中的沉降固体的水平的信号，以响应于 与在流动的下部上方测量的速度相比，流动的下部的速度。

公开(公告)号：US07146864B2

公开(公告)日：2006-12-12

申请号：US10795111

申请日：2004-03-04

申请人： James Sullivan ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Richard Niezgorski

发明人： James Sullivan ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Richard Niezgorski

IPC分类号： G01F1/34

CPC分类号： G01F1/74 ,  G01F1/662 ,  G01F1/666 ,  G01F1/7082

摘要： An apparatus measures the speed of sound and/or vortical disturbances propagating in a fluid flow to determine a parameter of the flow propagating through a pipe. The apparatus includes a sensing device that includes an array of pressure sensors used to measure the acoustic and convective pressure variations in the flow to determine a desired parameter. The sensing device includes a unitary strap having a plurality of bands disposed parallel to each other. The bands are interconnected by cross members to maintain the bands a predetermined distance apart. Each of the bands having a strip of piezoelectric film material mounted along a substantial length of the bands. The piezoelectric film material provides a signal indicative of the unsteady pressures within the pipe. The sensing device includes a conductive shield around the multi-band strap and the piezoelectric film material to provide a grounding shield.

摘要翻译： 一种装置测量在流体流中传播的声音和/或涡流干扰的速度以确定通过管道传播的流的参数。 该装置包括感测装置，其包括用于测量流中的声学和对流压力变化的压力传感器阵列，以确定期望的参数。 感测装置包括具有彼此平行布置的多个带的整体带。 带通过横向构件相互连接，以将带保持预定距离。 每个带具有沿带的相当长度安装的压电薄膜材料条。 压电膜材料提供指示管内不稳定压力的信号。 感测装置包括围绕多带带的导电屏蔽和压电膜材料以提供接地屏蔽。

公开(公告)号：US07062126B2

公开(公告)日：2006-06-13

申请号：US10453880

申请日：2003-06-02

申请人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Martin A. Putnam

发明人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Martin A. Putnam

IPC分类号： G02B6/34

CPC分类号： G02B6/024 ,  B29D11/00721 ,  C03B37/01211 ,  C03B37/0122 ,  C03B37/01222 ,  C03B2203/14 ,  C03B2203/16 ,  C03B2203/34 ,  G01D5/35303 ,  G01D5/35383 ,  G01L1/246 ,  G01L11/025 ,  G02B6/02042 ,  G02B6/021 ,  G02B6/0218 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/02385 ,  G02B6/0239

摘要： A tunable optical filter has a large diameter cane waveguide with “side-holes” in the cane cross-section that reduce the force required to compress the large diameter optical waveguide without overly compromising the buckling strength thereof. The large diameter optical waveguide has a cross-section of at least about 0.3 millimeters, including at least one inner core, a Bragg grating arranged therein, a cladding surrounding the inner core, and a structural configuration for providing a reduced bulk modulus of compressibility and maintaining the anti-buckling strength of the large diameter optical waveguide. The structural configuration reduces the cross-sectional area of the large diameter optical waveguide. These side holes reduce the amount of glass that needs to be compressed, but retains the large diameter.

摘要翻译： 可调谐滤光器具有在拐杖横截面中具有“侧孔”的大直径拐杖波导，其减小压缩大直径光波导所需的力而不会过度损害其屈曲强度。 大直径光波导具有至少约0.3毫米的横截面，包括至少一个内芯，布置在其中的布拉格光栅，围绕内芯的包层，以及用于提供减小的压缩弹性模量的结构构造，以及 保持大直径光波导的抗弯曲强度。 结构构造减小了大直径光波导的横截面积。 这些侧孔减少了需要压缩的玻璃量，但是保留了大直径。