公开(公告)号：US5438235A

公开(公告)日：1995-08-01

申请号：US131544

申请日：1993-10-05

申请人： Timothy J. Sommerer ,  Hseuh-Rong Chang ,  Arthur Klein, III ,  Victor D. Roberts ,  Harald L. Witting ,  George A. Farrall

发明人： Timothy J. Sommerer ,  Hseuh-Rong Chang ,  Arthur Klein, III ,  Victor D. Roberts ,  Harald L. Witting ,  George A. Farrall

IPC分类号： H05B41/24 ,  H01J1/50 ,  H01J61/04 ,  H01J61/12 ,  H01J61/35 ,  H01J65/00 ,  H01J65/04 ,  H01J61/00

CPC分类号： H01J61/35 ,  H01J1/50 ,  H01J61/04 ,  H01J61/125 ,  H01J65/048

摘要： An electrostatic shield is provided between the induction coil and the arc tube of an electrodeless HID lamp. In one embodiment, the shield is a transparent glass cylinder coated with a thin, transparent, conductive layer of tin oxide. In another embodiment, the electrostatic shield is a conductive, transparent tin oxide coating applied to either the inner or outer surface of an outer light-transmissive jacket surrounding the arc tube. The tin oxide layer is discontinuous so as to minimize currents induced in the conductive tin oxide layer by the induction coil. The thickness of the tin oxide layer is sufficient to make it conductive and form an approximately equipotential surface, thereby shielding the arc tube and plasma discharge from intense electric fields, reducing arc tube wall damage and increasing lamp life. In addition, tin oxide functions as an infrared reflector which returns infrared radiation to the arc tube, resulting in higher efficacy. Other advantages of the electrostatic shield include: a lower color temperature, further improving efficacy; and a lower rate of free iodine formation in lamps employing metal iodide fills, further reducing wall damage.

摘要翻译： 在感应线圈和无电极HID灯的电弧管之间设置静电屏蔽。 在一个实施例中，屏蔽是涂覆有薄的，透明的，导电的氧化锡层的透明玻璃圆筒。 在另一个实施例中，静电屏蔽是施加到围绕电弧管的外部透光护套的内表面或外表面的导电透明氧化锡涂层。 锡氧化物层是不连续的，以便最小化感应线圈在导电氧化锡层中感应的电流。 氧化锡层的厚度足以使其导电并形成大致等电位的表面，从而屏蔽电弧管和等离子体从强电场放电，减少电弧管壁损坏并延长灯的使用寿命。 此外，氧化锡起红外线反射器的作用，其将红外辐射返回到电弧管，导致更高的效能。 静电屏蔽的其他优点包括：降低色温，进一步提高功效; 并且在使用金属碘化物填充物的灯中游离碘形成速率较低，进一步降低壁损伤。

公开(公告)号：US5175476A

公开(公告)日：1992-12-29

申请号：US868902

申请日：1992-04-16

申请人： John M. Anderson ,  George A. Farrall ,  John P. Cocoma ,  Victor D. Roberts

发明人： John M. Anderson ,  George A. Farrall ,  John P. Cocoma ,  Victor D. Roberts

IPC分类号： H05B41/24 ,  H05B41/28

CPC分类号： H05B41/2806 ,  H05B41/24 ,  Y02B20/22

摘要： A series resonant starting circuit for providing a starting voltage to a starting probe for initiating an arc discharge in an electrodeless HID lamp includes an electrically variable inductance. The HID lamp is of a type having an excitation coil situated around an arc tube containing an ionizable fill in which the arc discharge is ignited. The electrically variable inductance includes a magnetic core having a main winding wound thereon that is coupled in series with a resonant capacitance. A bias winding is also wound on the magnetic core. Either the bias winding is coupled in series with a bias inductor, or, alternatively, the main and bias windings are configured on the magnetic core as a cross-field inductor. A bias circuit supply provides dc or relatively low-frequency ac current to the bias winding in order to vary the permeability of the magnetic core, and hence the inductance of the main winding, thereby tuning the starting circuit.

公开(公告)号：US5039903A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-13

申请号：US493266

申请日：1990-03-14

申请人： George A. Farrall

发明人： George A. Farrall

IPC分类号： H01F41/10 ,  H01F41/12 ,  H01J65/04

CPC分类号： H01J65/048 ,  H01F41/10 ,  H01F41/12

摘要： An excitation coil for a high intensity discharge lamp has an optimized configuration for maximizing efficiency and minimizing output light blockage. The coil includes a conductive surface having a shape which corresponds to rotating a bilaterally symmetrical trapezoid about a coil center line in the same plane as the trapezoid without intersecting the center line. The conductive surface is disposed on a conductive core for efficient heat removal from the coil, resulting in reduced coil losses. In one embodiment, the coil cross section is increased by adding a rectangular portion to the trapezoidal portion, thereby extending the coil outwardly from the coil center line so as to remove heat from the coil more quickly without affecting light output from the lamp.

摘要翻译： 用于高强度放电灯的激励线圈具有优化的配置，以最大化效率并最小化输出光阻塞。 线圈包括导电表面，其具有对应于在与梯形相同的平面内围绕线圈中心线旋转双边对称梯形而不与中心线相交的形状。 导电表面设置在导电芯上，用于从线圈高效除热，从而减少线圈损耗。 在一个实施例中，通过向梯形部分添加矩形部分来增加线圈横截面，从而将线圈从线圈中心线向外延伸，从而更快地从线圈移除热量，而不影响来自灯的光输出。

公开(公告)号：US4620124A

公开(公告)日：1986-10-28

申请号：US684880

申请日：1984-12-21

申请人： George A. Farrall ,  John H. Van Noy

发明人： George A. Farrall ,  John H. Van Noy

IPC分类号： H01H57/00 ,  H01L41/08

CPC分类号： H01H57/00

摘要： A synchronously operable, piezoelectrically actuated electrical current switching apparatus is provided which has increased separation between the switching contacts when they are in the open position, and increased contact closing force when they are in the closed position. The apparatus includes a pair of spaced-apart, opposing multimorph piezoelectric benders and at least one pair of electrical current switching contacts mounted on the opposing surfaces of the pair of benders, with one contact being mounted on each of the surfaces. The benders are disposed so that they bend toward each other in response to a first electrical signal, moving the contacts to a closed position. In response to a second electrical signal, the benders bend away from each other and move the contacts to an open position. In this manner, the distance achievable between the contacts in the open position is greater than the displacement available from either of the benders alone. Preferably, the benders are also disposed so that the distance between the contacts, in the absence of any applied electrical signal, is less than the sum of the displacements available from the two benders. The principles of the invention may be extended to a set of three piezoelectric benders, configured similarly to the manner described above, so that a three-position switch is provided.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种可同步操作的压电致动电流开关装置，其在开关触点处于打开位置时增加了开关触头之间的间隔，并且当它们处于关闭位置时增加了触头闭合力。 该装置包括一对间隔开的相对的多压电压电弯曲器和安装在该对弯曲器的相对表面上的至少一对电流开关触点，一个触点安装在每个表面上。 弯曲器被布置成使得它们响应于第一电信号彼此弯曲，将触头移动到闭合位置。 响应于第二电信号，弯曲器彼此远离并且将触点移动到打开位置。 以这种方式，在打开位置的触点之间可实现的距离大于单独使用任何一个弯曲器的位移。 优选地，弯曲器也被布置成使得在没有任何施加的电信号的情况下，触头之间的距离小于可从两个弯曲器获得的位移的总和。 本发明的原理可以扩展到一组三个压电弯曲器，其被类似于上述方式配置，从而提供三位置开关。

公开(公告)号：US4572982A

公开(公告)日：1986-02-25

申请号：US557987

申请日：1983-12-05

申请人： George A. Farrall

发明人： George A. Farrall

IPC分类号： H01J35/00 ,  A47B88/00

CPC分类号： H01J35/00

摘要： An anode structure for use in high voltage vacuum devices which reduces the effects of thermal stresses on breakdown voltage includes an anode having at least one flat surface and a mesh of electrically conductive material disposed adjacent to the flat surface. The mesh serves to reduce the electric field on the surface of the anode which faces the cathode of a vacuum device, thereby reducing the electrostatic force in the direction of the cathode on both particles dislodged from the surface of the anode by electrons from the cathode striking the anode, and free particles found in the evacuable volume of the vacuum device. The mesh may either overlay the surface of the anode, so that it is in direct contact with the anode surface, or, alternatively, it may be supported in a spaced-apart relationship with the anode surface by a plurality of posts located between the mesh and the anode surface.

摘要翻译： 用于降低热应力对击穿电压的影响的用于高压真空装置的阳极结构包括具有至少一个平坦表面的阳极和邻近平坦表面设置的导电材料网。 该网用于减少面对真空装置的阴极的阳极表面上的电场，从而减少阴极方向上的两个颗粒从阴极表面移除的电子的静电力，电子从阴极撞击 阳极和在真空装置的可抽空体积中发现的游离颗粒。 网可以覆盖阳极的表面，使得其与阳极表面直接接触，或者可以通过位于网之间的多个柱与阳极表面以间隔开的关系支撑 和阳极表面。

公开(公告)号：US5866991A

公开(公告)日：1999-02-02

申请号：US672220

申请日：1996-07-17

申请人： Thomas Farkas ,  Timothy A. Taubert ,  George A. Farrall ,  Gordon A. Grigor ,  David O. Wharmby

发明人： Thomas Farkas ,  Timothy A. Taubert ,  George A. Farrall ,  Gordon A. Grigor ,  David O. Wharmby

IPC分类号： H01J65/04 ,  H05B41/24

CPC分类号： H01J65/048 ,  H05B41/24

摘要： An electrodeless gas discharge lamp includes a vitreous envelope containing a discharge medium. An excitation coil is positioned in relation to the vitreous envelope so as to excite the discharge medium therein. The excitation coil is adapted to be driven by an RF oscillator. The excitation coil has first and second ends and is effective for exciting the discharge medium to emit light with electromagnetic fields that are generated by the excitation coil. The excitation coil includes a first wire wound generally helically from the first end to the second end in a first helical direction to form first winding turns, and further includes a second wire wound generally helically from the first end to the second end in second helical direction opposite to that of the first helical direction to form second winding turns. Preferably, a generally cylindrical former is provided for holding the first and second wires between the first and second ends of the coil. Such former includes a positioning arrangement for maintaining specific positions of the first and second wires with respect to each other along the former.

摘要翻译： 无电极气体放电灯包括容纳放电介质的玻璃体外壳。 励磁线圈相对于玻璃体封套定位，以便在其中激发放电介质。 励磁线圈适于由RF振荡器驱动。 励磁线圈具有第一和第二端，并且对于激励放电介质以由激励线圈产生的电磁场发射光是有效的。 励磁线圈包括在第一螺旋方向上从第一端至第二端大致螺旋地缠绕的第一线，以形成第一绕组匝，并且还包括在第二螺旋方向上从第一端至第二端大致螺旋形地缠绕的第二线 与第一螺旋方向的相反，以形成第二绕组匝。 优选地，提供了一种大致圆柱形的成型器，用于将第一和第二线保持在线圈的第一和第二端之间。 这种前置件包括用于沿着前者相对于彼此维持第一和第二线的特定位置的定位装置。

公开(公告)号：US5057750A

公开(公告)日：1991-10-15

申请号：US622246

申请日：1990-12-04

申请人： George A. Farrall ,  John P. Cocoma

发明人： George A. Farrall ,  John P. Cocoma

IPC分类号： H01J61/54 ,  H01J65/04 ,  H05B41/04 ,  H05B41/24 ,  H05B41/38

CPC分类号： H05B41/382 ,  H01J61/547 ,  H01J65/048 ,  H05B41/042 ,  Y02B20/204

摘要： A starting circuit for an electrodeless HID lamp provides a two-stage resonant starting signal to a gas probe starter of the type comprising a starting chamber which contains a relatively low-pressure gas and is attached to the outer wall of the arc tube. The starting circuit comprises a resonant LC circuit of variable impedance including the series combination of a variable inductance and the parasitic capacitance between the gas probe starter and the excitation coil. In operation, the resonant circuit is tuned to a predetermined value so that, upon application of an RF signal to the excitation coil, resonant operation of the starting circuit results in the application of a sufficiently high starting voltage to the starting chamber to ignite a low-current glow discharge therein. Once the glow discharge is ignited, the starting circuit is retuned to ensure that a sufficiently high starting voltage is capacitively coupled to the arc tube to ionize the arc tube fill and initiate an arc discharge therein.

摘要翻译： 用于无电极HID灯的起动电路为包括起始室的类型的气体探针起动器提供两级谐振起始信号，该启动室包含相对低压的气体并附接到电弧管的外壁。 起动电路包括可变阻抗的谐振LC电路，其包括可变电感和气体探针起动器与励磁线圈之间的寄生电容的串联组合。 在操作中，谐振电路被调谐到预定值，使得在向激励线圈施加RF信号时，启动电路的谐振操作导致向起始室施加足够高的启动电压以点燃低电平 - 其中的电流辉光放电。 一旦辉光放电被点燃，启动电路被重新调整以确保足够高的启动电压电容耦合到电弧管，以使电弧管填充物电离并在其中引发电弧放电。

公开(公告)号：USRE33587E

公开(公告)日：1991-05-14

申请号：US383316

申请日：1989-07-20

申请人： John D. Harnden, Jr. ,  William P. Kornrumpf ,  George A. Farrall

发明人： John D. Harnden, Jr. ,  William P. Kornrumpf ,  George A. Farrall

IPC分类号： H01H11/00 ,  H01H49/00 ,  H01H57/00 ,  H01L41/04 ,  H01L41/09 ,  H01L41/24

CPC分类号： H01H57/00 ,  H01H11/00 ,  H01H2050/025 ,  H01H49/00 ,  Y10T29/42

摘要： This application describes a number of novel advanced piezoelectric ceramic power switching devices which are mounted within protective gastight enclosures that are either evacuated to a high degree of vacuum or filled with an inert gas protective atmosphere. The devices thus constructed are capable of operating over a range of load voltages extending from about 100 volts to 5000 volts or more with corresponding currents of from a few amperes to hundreds of amperes and wherein it is possible to provide a number of such structures in a single common protective gastight enclosure. For certain circuit applications the devices thus constructed have unpoled portions on which are mounted either passive circuit components such as resistors, capacitors and the like or active semiconductor devices all interconnected in circuit relationship with each other and the switching devices by using printed circuit or integrated circuit fabrication techniques. In these devices, stray circuit impedances whether capacitive, inductive or resistive in nature can be reduced to an absolute minimum by appropriate designs. Such complementary circuit components and active semiconductor devices can be, if desired, mounted within the common protective enclosures in close proximity to the piezoceramic switching devices to which they are connected, or alternatively may be mounted exteriorly of the protective enclosures.

公开(公告)号：US4595855A

公开(公告)日：1986-06-17

申请号：US684881

申请日：1984-12-21

申请人： George A. Farrall

发明人： George A. Farrall

IPC分类号： H01H1/58 ,  H01H57/00 ,  H01L41/08

CPC分类号： H01H57/00 ,  H01H1/5805

摘要： A synchronously operable electrical current switching apparatus includes a controllable piezoelectric relay having movable electrical contacts, and means for controlling the relay so as to move the contacts and effect a change of state of the electrical connectivity between them. The apparatus also includes means for operating the controlling mechanism so as to substantially reduce arcing between the contacts. A relay which is especially useful in the apparatus utilizes a piezoelectric bender and a flexible member disposed adjacent to one of the flat surfaces of the bender. The flexible member is fixed to the bender so that bending motion of the bender causes corresponding movement of the flexible member. At least one first electrical contact is disposed on the flexible member, and an electrical conductor having at least one second electrical contact is disposed adjacent the flexible member on the side thereof opposite the side which is adjacent to the bender. The electrical conductor is fixed to the flexible member so that movement of the member causes a change in electrical connectivity between the first and second contacts, and so that the electrical conductor is electrically isolated from the first contact when the first and second contacts are in an open position. The relay may be enclosed in a conventional 16 pin dual-in-line integrated circuit package, and is particularly useful for switching circuits operating at household power line current levels.

摘要翻译： 一种可同步操作的电流开关装置包括具有可移动电触点的可控压电继电器，以及用于控制继电器以便移动触点并实现它们之间的电连接状态变化的装置。 该装置还包括用于操作控制机构以便大大减少触点之间的电弧的装置。 在该设备中特别有用的继电器利用压电弯曲机和与弯曲机的一个平坦表面相邻设置的柔性部件。 柔性构件固定到弯曲机上，使得弯曲机的弯曲运动引起柔性构件的相应运动。 至少一个第一电触点设置在柔性构件上，并且具有至少一个第二电触头的电导体设置在与弯曲器相邻的一侧相对的柔性构件附近。 电导体固定到柔性构件，使得构件的运动导致第一和第二触点之间的电连接性的变化，并且使得当第一和第二触点处于第一和第二触点时电导体与第一触点电隔离 开仓 继电器可以封闭在传统的16针双列直插集成电路封装中，对于在家用电源线电流水平下工作的开关电路特别有用。

公开(公告)号：US5151633A

公开(公告)日：1992-09-29

申请号：US812266

申请日：1991-12-23

申请人： George A. Farrall ,  John P. Cocoma ,  James T. Dakin ,  Mark E. Duffy ,  Tommie Berry, Jr.

发明人： George A. Farrall ,  John P. Cocoma ,  James T. Dakin ,  Mark E. Duffy ,  Tommie Berry, Jr.

IPC分类号： H01J61/54 ,  H01J65/04 ,  H05B41/24

CPC分类号： H01J65/048 ,  H01J61/54

摘要： The fill of a self-extinguishing gas probe starter for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp includes a starter fill component which has a relatively low vapor pressure and is substantially inert in the starter fill at ambient temperatures, but which component vaporizes and becomes electronegative as the temperature of the lamp increases, so that the starter fill component attaches electrons of the starting discharge in the gas probe starter and thereby extinguishes the starting discharge after initiation of the arc discharge in the arc tube. As a result, the flow of currents between the gas probe starter and the arc tube, which would otherwise have a detrimental effect on the arc tube wall, is avoided.