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1.发明授权Low sintering temperature glass waste forms for sequestering radioactive iodine 有权低烧结温度玻璃废物形式用于隔离放射性碘公开(公告)号：US08262950B1
公开(公告)日：2012-09-11
申请号：US12727353
申请日：2010-03-19
CPC分类号： G21F9/305 , C03C14/004 , C03C2214/14 , C03C2214/34 , C09K11/04
摘要： Materials and methods of making low-sintering-temperature glass waste forms that sequester radioactive iodine in a strong and durable structure. First, the iodine is captured by an adsorbant, which forms an iodine-loaded material, e.g., AgI, AgI-zeolite, AgI-mordenite, Ag-silica aerogel, ZnI2, CuI, or Bi5O7I. Next, particles of the iodine-loaded material are mixed with powdered frits of low-sintering-temperature glasses (comprising various oxides of Si, B, Bi, Pb, and Zn), and then sintered at a relatively low temperature, ranging from 425° C. to 550° C. The sintering converts the mixed powders into a solid block of a glassy waste form, having low iodine leaching rates. The vitrified glassy waste form can contain as much as 60 wt % AgI. A preferred glass, having a sintering temperature of 500° C. (below the silver iodide sublimation temperature of 500° C.) was identified that contains oxides of boron, bismuth, and zinc, while containing essentially no lead or silicon.
摘要翻译： 制造低烧结温度玻璃废物的材料和方法形成了强大耐用的结构中的放射性碘。 首先，碘被吸附剂捕获，该吸附剂形成碘负载材料，例如AgI，AgI-沸石，Ag1-丝光沸石，Ag-二氧化硅气凝胶，ZnI 2，CuI或Bi 5 O 7。 接下来，将负载碘的材料的颗粒与低烧结温度玻璃（包括各种Si，B，Bi，Pb和Zn的氧化物）的粉状玻璃料混合，然后在比较低的温度下从425 ℃至550℃。烧结将混合粉末转化为具有低碘浸出速率的玻璃状废物形式的固体块。 玻璃化玻璃废物形式可含有多达60重量％的AgI。 确定了烧结温度为500℃（低于碘化银升华温度为500℃）的玻璃，其含有硼，铋和锌的氧化物，同时基本上不含铅或硅。
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2.发明授权Mixed-layered bismuth-oxygen-iodine materials for capture and waste disposal of radioactive iodine 有权用于捕获和废物处理放射性碘的混合铋 - 氧碘物质公开(公告)号：US08383021B1
公开(公告)日：2013-02-26
申请号：US12617051
申请日：2009-11-12
申请人： James L. Krumhansl , Tina M. Nenoff
发明人： James L. Krumhansl , Tina M. Nenoff
CPC分类号： G21F9/008 , C01G29/00 , C01P2002/22 , C01P2002/72 , C01P2002/77 , C01P2004/03 , C01P2004/82 , G21F9/16
摘要： Materials and methods of synthesizing mixed-layered bismuth oxy-iodine materials, which can be synthesized in the presence of aqueous radioactive iodine species found in caustic solutions (e.g. NaOH or KOH). This technology provides a one-step process for both iodine sequestration and storage from nuclear fuel cycles. It results in materials that will be durable for repository conditions much like those found in Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) and estimated for Yucca Mountain (YMP). By controlled reactant concentrations, optimized compositions of these mixed-layered bismuth oxy-iodine inorganic materials are produced that have both a high iodine weight percentage and a low solubility in groundwater environments.
摘要翻译： 合成混合层状铋氧碘物质的材料和方法，其可以在苛性碱溶液（例如NaOH或KOH）中存在的含水放射性碘物质的存在下合成。 该技术为核燃料循环的碘储存和储存提供了一个一步的过程。 它产生的材料对于非常类似于废弃物隔离试验工厂（WIPP）和估计为丝兰山（YMP）的储存条件而言将是耐用的。 通过控制反应物浓度，生产这些混合层状铋氧 - 碘无机材料的优化组合物，其具有高碘重量百分比和在地下水环境中的低溶解度。
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公开(公告)号：US08663361B1
公开(公告)日：2014-03-04
申请号：US13096751
申请日：2011-04-28
申请人： James L. Krumhansl , Mark J. Rigali
发明人： James L. Krumhansl , Mark J. Rigali
CPC分类号： B01D11/04 , B01D12/00 , C22B3/42 , C22B26/10 , Y02P10/234
摘要： Approaches for alkali metal extraction, sequestration and recovery are described. For example, a method of recovering alkali metals includes providing a CST or CST-like (e.g., small pore zeolite) material. The alkali metal species is scavenged from the liquid mixture by the CST or CST-like material. The alkali metal species is extracted from the CST or CST-like material.
摘要翻译： 描述了碱金属萃取，螯合和回收的方法。 例如，回收碱金属的方法包括提供CST或CST样（例如，小孔沸石）材料。 通过CST或CST样物质从液体混合物中清除碱金属物质。 碱金属物质从CST或CST样物质中提取。
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公开(公告)号：US08708422B1
公开(公告)日：2014-04-29
申请号：US13084391
申请日：2011-04-11
IPC分类号： E21B43/28 , E21C41/16 , C01F13/00 , C01F15/00 , C01G43/00 , C01G56/00 , B01D11/00 , B01F1/00 , C22B60/02 , C02F1/00 , C02F1/68 , E02B15/00
CPC分类号： E21B43/28 , C02F1/683 , C02F2101/006 , C22B60/0221 , E21C41/16
摘要： An in situ recovery of uranium operation involves circulating reactive fluids through an underground uranium deposit. These fluids contain chemicals that dissolve the uranium ore. Uranium is recovered from the fluids after they are pumped back to the surface. Chemicals used to accomplish this include complexing agents that are organic, readily degradable, and/or have a predictable lifetime in an aquifer. Efficiency is increased through development of organic agents targeted to complexing tetravalent uranium rather than hexavalent uranium. The operation provides for in situ immobilization of some oxy-anion pollutants under oxidizing conditions as well as reducing conditions. The operation also artificially reestablishes reducing conditions on the aquifer after uranium recovery is completed. With the ability to have the impacted aquifer reliably remediated, the uranium recovery operation can be considered inherently safe.
摘要翻译： 铀操作的原位回收涉及通过地下铀矿床循环反应流体。 这些液体含有溶解铀矿石的化学物质。 在将它们泵回表面之后，从流体中回收铀。 用于实现这一目的的化学品包括有机物，易降解的和/或在含水层中具有可预计寿命的络合剂。 通过开发针对复合四价铀而不是六价铀的有机物来提高效率。 该操作提供了一些氧阴离子污染物在氧化条件下的原位固定以及还原条件。 铀矿回收完成后，人为地恢复了含水层的还原条件。 有能力使受影响的含水层得到可靠的补救，铀恢复操作可以被认为是固有安全的。
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公开(公告)号：US07244359B1
公开(公告)日：2007-07-17
申请号：US10955292
申请日：2004-09-30
IPC分类号： C02F1/28
CPC分类号： B01J20/06 , B01J20/0229 , B01J20/0237 , B01J20/08 , C02F1/281 , C02F1/683 , C02F2101/103 , C02F2101/22 , Y02C10/08 , Y10S210/911 , Y10S210/913
摘要： A process and medium for decontamination of water containing anionic species including arsenic and chromium, wherein compounds comprising divalent and trivalent metal oxides and sulfides are used to form surface complexes with contaminants under pH conditions within the range of potable water. In one embodiment natural and synthetic spinels and spinel-like materials are used as the sorbent substance.
摘要翻译： 用于净化包含砷和铬的阴离子物质的水的方法和介质，其中包含二价和三价金属氧化物和硫化物的化合物用于在饮用水范围内的pH条件下与污染物形成表面络合物。 在一个实施方案中，使用天然和合成的尖晶石和尖晶石样材料作为吸附剂物质。
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公开(公告)号：US20180162746A1
公开(公告)日：2018-06-14
申请号：US15374835
申请日：2016-12-09
CPC分类号： C02F1/281 , B01J41/02 , B01J41/10 , C02F2001/422 , C02F2101/10 , C02F2303/16
摘要： Dissolved silica is ubiquitous in impaired waters, a fouling agent in desalination membranes, resistant to existing antiscalants, and difficult to remove from power plant feed waters, thereby inhibiting long term reuse of industrial water. According to the present invention, an inorganic anion exchanger, hydrotalcite (HTC), can provide highly selective removal of silica from aqueous solutions. Calcined HTC effectively removes silicate anion from different waste waters and waters with high concentration of competing ions, such as SO42− and Cl−. For example, calcined Mg6Al2(OH)16(CO3).4H2O has a silica adsorption capacity of 45 mg SiO2/g HTC. Further, HTC can be easily regenerated and recycled.
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公开(公告)号：US08812271B1
公开(公告)日：2014-08-19
申请号：US13226276
申请日：2011-09-06
IPC分类号： G06F17/50
摘要： A method of designing an injectate to be used in a waterflooding operation is disclosed. One aspect includes specifying data representative of chemical characteristics of a liquid hydrocarbon, a connate, and a reservoir rock, of a subterranean reservoir. Charged species at an interface of the liquid hydrocarbon are determined based on the specified data by evaluating at least one chemical reaction. Charged species at an interface of the reservoir rock are determined based on the specified data by evaluating at least one chemical reaction. An extent of surface complexation between the charged species at the interfaces of the liquid hydrocarbon and the reservoir rock is determined by evaluating at least one surface complexation reaction. The injectate is designed and is operable to decrease the extent of surface complexation between the charged species at interfaces of the liquid hydrocarbon and the reservoir rock. Other methods, apparatus, and systems are disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种设计在注水操作中使用的注射剂的方法。 一个方面包括指定表示地下储层的液体烃，合生物和储层岩石的化学特性的数据。 通过评估至少一种化学反应，基于指定的数据来确定液体烃界面处的带电物质。 通过评估至少一种化学反应，基于指定的数据确定储层岩石界面处的带电物质。 通过评估至少一种表面络合反应来确定液体烃和储层岩石的界面处带电物质之间的表面络合程度。 注射器被设计并且可操作以减少在液体烃和储层岩石的界面处的带电物质之间的表面络合的程度。 公开了其它方法，装置和系统。
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8.发明授权Method of removing arsenic and other anionic contaminants from contaminated water using enhanced coagulation 有权使用增强凝结从污染水中除去砷和其他阴离子污染物的方法公开(公告)号：US07138063B1
公开(公告)日：2006-11-21
申请号：US11351365
申请日：2006-02-10
IPC分类号： C02F1/58 , C02F101/14 , C02F101/22
CPC分类号： C02F1/5236 , C02F2101/103 , Y10S210/911 , Y10S210/913 , Y10S210/915
摘要： An improved water decontamination process comprising contacting water containing anionic contaminants with an enhanced coagulant to form an enhanced floc, which more efficiently binds anionic species (e.g., arsenate, arsenite, chromate, fluoride, selenate, and borate, and combinations thereof) predominantly through the formation of surface complexes. The enhanced coagulant comprises a trivalent metal cation coagulant (e.g., ferric chloride or aluminum sulfate) mixed with a divalent metal cation modifier (e.g., copper sulfate or zinc sulfate).
摘要翻译： 改进的水去污方法包括使含有阴离子污染物的水与增强的凝结剂接触，以形成增强的絮凝物，其主要通过以下方式更有效地结合阴离子物质（例如砷酸盐，亚砷酸盐，铬酸盐，氟化物，硒酸盐和硼酸盐及其组合） 形成表面复合物。 增强的凝结剂包括与二价金属阳离子改性剂（例如硫酸铜或硫酸锌）混合的三价金属阳离子凝结剂（例如氯化铁或硫酸铝）。
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公开(公告)号：US09140145B1
公开(公告)日：2015-09-22
申请号：US13207830
申请日：2011-08-11
CPC分类号： F01K13/00 , F01K13/006 , F01K17/00 , F01K17/04 , F01K25/14
摘要： A system including a vessel including a heat source and a flue; a turbine; a condenser; a fluid conduit circuit disposed between the vessel, the turbine and the condenser; and a diverter coupled to the flue to direct a portion of an exhaust from the flue to contact with a cooling medium for the condenser water. A method including diverting a portion of exhaust from a flue of a vessel; modifying the pH of a cooling medium for a condenser with the portion of exhaust; and condensing heated fluid from the vessel with the pH modified cooling medium.
摘要翻译： 一种包括包括热源和烟道的容器的系统; 涡轮机 冷凝器 设置在容器，涡轮机和冷凝器之间的流体导管电路; 以及分配器，其联接到烟道以引导来自烟道的排气的一部分与用于冷凝器水的冷却介质接触。 一种方法，包括将一部分废气从容器的烟道转向; 改变具有排气部分的冷凝器的冷却介质的pH; 并将来自容器的加热流体与pH改进的冷却介质冷凝。
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公开(公告)号：US07514004B1
公开(公告)日：2009-04-07
申请号：US12113354
申请日：2008-05-01
IPC分类号： C02F1/42
CPC分类号： C02F1/28 , C02F1/001 , C02F1/281 , C02F2101/103 , C02F2209/40 , C02F2209/44 , C02F2301/046
摘要： A low-cost, water treatment system and method for reducing arsenic contamination in small community water storage tanks. Arsenic is removed by using a submersible pump, sitting at the bottom of the tank, which continuously recirculates (at a low flow rate) arsenic-contaminated water through an attached and enclosed filter bed containing arsenic-sorbing media. The pump and treatment column can be either placed inside the tank (In-Tank) by manually-lowering through an access hole, or attached to the outside of the tank (Out-of-Tank), for easy replacement of the sorption media.
摘要翻译： 一种低成本的水处理系统和减少小型社区储水罐中砷污染的方法。 通过使用位于罐底部的潜水泵去除砷，其中砷污染水通过附着和封闭的含有吸附介质的过滤床再循环（以低流量）。 泵和处理塔可以通过手动降低通道的入口孔（In-Tank）放置在罐内，或者连接到罐外（Out-of-Tank），以便于更换吸附介质。
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