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公开(公告)号：US5051571A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-24
申请号：US947569
申请日：1986-12-02
IPC分类号： G02B26/06
CPC分类号： G02B26/06
摘要： A cascaded adaptive optics system for correction of aberrations in a light beam. The system includes a plurality of spatial light modulators (SLMs) in a cascaded arrangement to provide an adaptive optics system characterized by wide range, rapid response, and high resolution. The spatial light modulators may be identical or have characteristics that are complementary in providing a combined output that advantageously corrects for aberrations. A conventional adaptive optics system such as a deformable mirror may be used as one or more of the SLMKs. Liquid crystal light valves (LCLVs) may be advantageously used as one or more of the SLMs in the invention. A single LCLV may be cascaded with itself in a multiple-pass configuration by means of suitable reflectors.
摘要翻译： 用于校正光束中的像差的级联自适应光学系统。 该系统包括多个级联布置的空间光调制器（SLM），以提供以宽范围，快速响应和高分辨率为特征的自适应光学系统。 空间光调制器可以是相同的或具有在提供有利地校正像差的组合输出时互补的特征。 诸如可变形反射镜的常规自适应光学系统可以用作SLMK中的一个或多个。 液晶光阀（LCLV）可以有利地用作本发明中的一个或多个SLM。 单个LCLV可以通过适当的反射器以多通道配置与其自身级联。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5048935A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-17
申请号：US947575
申请日：1986-12-24
CPC分类号： G03H1/0005 , G01J9/00 , G02B26/06 , G03H1/2294 , G03H2001/0066 , G03H2225/32
摘要： Apparatus for compensating for inherent distortions in a modified liquid crystal light valve used in an integrated wavefront sensing and wavefront control system for laser optics. A main wavefront sensing and control system utilizes a liquid crystal light valve selected for response speed but having inherent surface non-linearities. A beam from an auxiliary laser is intermittently applied, while the main laser is blocked, to both the fast response LCLV of the main system and to a slower response LCLV of an associated correction system. The second LCLV system corrects for the non-linearities in the surface of the first LCLV and then maintains the stored correction signal for a decay interval which corresponds to several response times of the main LCLV, thus permitting the main LCLV system to perform fast correction of atmospheric aberrations in the laser beam wavefront unaffected by inherent surface non-linearities.
摘要翻译： 用于补偿在用于激光光学的集成波前感测和波前控制系统中使用的改进的液晶光阀中的固有失真的装置。 主波前感测和控制系统利用了选择响应速度但具有固有表面非线性的液晶光阀。 来自辅助激光器的光束在主激光器被阻挡的同时被间歇地施加到主系统的快速响应LCLV和相关校正系统的较慢响应LCLV。 第二LCLV系统校正第一LCLV的表面中的非线性，然后将存储的校正信号维持在对应于主LCLV的几个响应时间的衰减间隔，从而允许主LCLV系统执行快速校正 激光束波前的大气像差不受固有表面非线性的影响。
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公开(公告)号：US5151814A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-29
申请号：US673175
申请日：1991-03-18
IPC分类号： G02F1/1343 , G02F1/1347 , G02F1/139 , G02F1/29
CPC分类号： G02B27/0087 , G02F1/292 , G02F1/134336 , G02F1/1347 , G02F1/1393 , G02F2203/01 , G02F2203/02 , G02F2203/24
摘要： An optical beam scanner incorporating an array of beam deflection elements commonly controlled to steer an optical beam impingent on the array is described. The beam steering elements are arranged in the array as individually controlled elements and the deflection of the beam is accomplished by setting the phase tilt and the phase offset of each element according to a calculation which removes modulo 2.pi. phase shift from the required position relative to a flat plane. Thus, the array elements can be thin and need only supply about 2 radians of phase shift. These elements may be incorporated in a planar array using beam deflection elements such as liquid crystal beam deflectors by choosing a drive scheme representing either a blazed array or a flat piston array. Operation may be designed for a large range of light wavelengths and the system may efficiently accommodate a combination of the blazed and flat piston techniques to obtain beam deflection characteristics otherwise unavailable by the exclusive use of each individual technique. By use of the liquid crystal phased array approach, rapid, high accuracy, large area beam deflection is possible without the necessity of any moving parts and with low power drive requirements. Phased arrays of the type described above may be arranged in successive parallel planes with a common beam axis to provide two-dimensional beam deflection.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种光束扫描器，其包括通常被控制以引导照射在阵列上的光束的光束偏转元件阵列。 光束操纵元件作为独立控制的元件布置在阵列中，并且通过根据计算来设置每个元件的相位倾斜和相位偏移来实现光束的偏转，该计算从相对于所需位置移除模2π相移 平面飞机 因此，阵列元件可以是薄的，并且仅需要提供约2弧度的相移。 通过选择表示闪耀阵列或平坦活塞阵列的驱动方案，这些元件可以使用诸如液晶束偏转器的光束偏转元件并入平面阵列中。 操作可以设计用于大范围的光波长，并且系统可以有效地适应闪耀和平坦活塞技术的组合以获得否则不能通过各自独占技术的独占使用而获得光束偏转特性。 通过使用液晶相位阵列方法，可以快速，高精度，大面积的光束偏转，而不需要任何移动部件和低功率驱动要求。 上述类型的相控阵列可以布置在具有共同波束轴的连续平行平面中，以提供二维波束偏转。
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公开(公告)号：US4937539A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-26
申请号：US420661
申请日：1989-10-10
IPC分类号： G02F1/1343 , G02F1/1347 , G02F1/139 , G02F1/29
CPC分类号： G02B27/0087 , G02F1/292 , G02F1/134336 , G02F1/1347 , G02F1/1393 , G02F2203/01 , G02F2203/02 , G02F2203/24
摘要： An optical beam scanner incorporating an array of beam deflection elements commonly controlled to steer an optical beam impingent on the array is described. The beam steering elements are arranged in the array as individually controlled elements and the deflection of the beam is accomplished by setting the phase tilt and the phase offset of each element according to a calculation which removes modulo 2.pi. phase shift from the required position relative to a flat plane. Thus, the array elements can be thin and need only supply about 2 radians of phase shift. These elements may be incorporated in a planar array using beam deflection elements such as liquid crystal beam deflectors by choosing a drive scheme representing either a blazed array or a flat piston array. Operation may be designed for a large range of light wavelengths and the system may efficiently accommodate a combination of the blazed and flat piston techniques to obtain beam deflection characteristics otherwise unavailable by the exclusive use of each individual technique. By use of the liquid crystal phased array approach, rapid, high accuracy, large area beam deflection is possible without the necessity of any moving parts and with low power drive requirements. Phased arrays of the type described above may be arranged in successive parallel planes with a common beam axis to provide two-dimensional beam deflection.
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公开(公告)号：US4871232A
公开(公告)日：1989-10-03
申请号：US130032
申请日：1987-12-07
IPC分类号： G01R23/17
CPC分类号： G01R23/17
摘要： A high frequency spectral analysis system and method operates by modulating an optical beam with a high frequency signal to be analyzed, and sampling the beam simultaneously at periodically spaced locations along its length. The sampled portions are then focused to a spectral mapping. In the preferred embodiment a beam is directed in a zigzag pattern through a plate, one surface of which is totally reflective and the opposite surface of which is partially reflective. Periodic parallel samples are obtained from the minor portions of the beam which are transmitted out of the plate through the partially reflective surface. The totally reflective surface is preferably formed as a series of cylindrical surfaces which focus the beam to small spots at the partially reflective surface, thereby permitting a higher spatial density of samples without overlapping. The plate thickness is selected so that the beam is sampled at the Nyquist rate for the highest frequency contained in the signal of interest.
摘要翻译： 高频谱分析系统和方法通过用待分析的高频信号调制光束并且沿其长度在周期性间隔的位置同时采样光束来操作。 然后将采样的部分聚焦到光谱映射。 在优选实施例中，光束以锯齿形图案通过板，其一个表面是完全反射的，其相对表面是部分反射的。 从束的少部分获得周期性的平行样品，其通过部分反射表面从板上传出。 全反射表面优选地形成为将光束聚焦在部分反射表面处的小斑点的一系列圆柱形表面，从而允许更高的样品空间密度而不重叠。 选择板厚度使得以包含在感兴趣信号中的最高频率的奈奎斯特速率采样波束。
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公开(公告)号：US07262861B1
公开(公告)日：2007-08-28
申请号：US10852782
申请日：2004-05-24
申请人： David M. Pepper , Thomas R. O'Meara
发明人： David M. Pepper , Thomas R. O'Meara
IPC分类号： G01B11/02
CPC分类号： G01B17/02 , G01B11/06 , G01N21/1702 , G01N29/043 , G01N29/2418 , G01N2291/02827 , G01N2291/02854 , G01N2291/0421
摘要： A laser ultrasonic inspection apparatus and method which enables remote sensing of thickness, hardness, temperature and/or internal defect detection is disclosed. A laser generator impinges a workpiece with light for generating a thermo-elastic acoustic reaction in a workpiece. A probe laser impinges the workpiece with an annularly-shaped probe light for interaction with the acoustic signal in the workpiece resulting in a modulated return beam. A photodetector having a sensitive region for detecting an annularly-shaped fringe pattern generated by an interaction of a reference signal and with the modulated return beam at said sensitive region.
摘要翻译： 公开了能够远程检测厚度，硬度，温度和/或内部缺陷检测的激光超声波检查装置和方法。 激光发生器用工件照射工件以在工件中产生热弹性声反应。 探头激光器用环形探针光照射工件，以与工件中的声信号相互作用，从而产生调制的返回光束。 一种光电检测器，具有用于检测通过参考信号的相互作用产生的环形条状图案的敏感区域和在所述敏感区域处的调制返回光束。
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公开(公告)号：US4833314A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-23
申请号：US236343
申请日：1988-08-22
申请人： David M. Pepper , Thomas R. O'Meara
发明人： David M. Pepper , Thomas R. O'Meara
IPC分类号： G01J9/02 , G02F1/13 , G02F1/1343
CPC分类号： G02F1/134309 , G01J9/02 , G02F1/1313
摘要： An electro-optical device (10) is used to alter characteristics of a light beam passing through it. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the device (10) is used as a phase stop having a dynamically variable aperture whose size is defined by the selected application of an electrical potential across one or more concentric, transparent ring-like electrodes (13, 14, 16 and 18). The electro-optical device (10) finds particular utility in a common-path interferometer (40) where fringe visibility is optimized by using suitable servo-electronics (56) to select an appropriate aperture size for the phase stop (10).
摘要翻译： 电光装置（10）用于改变通过它的光束的特性。 在特别优选的实施例中，装置（10）用作具有动态可变孔径的相位停止器，其尺寸由所选择的跨越一个或多个同心的透明环状电极（13,14， 16和18）。 电光装置（10）在公共路径干涉仪（40）中具有特别的用途，其中通过使用合适的伺服电子设备（56）来选择相位停止（10）的适当孔径尺寸来优化边缘可见度。
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8.发明授权Lens for angularly overlapping a central portion of an optical beam with an outer portion of the beam 有权用于将光束的中心部分与梁的外部部分成角度地重叠的透镜公开(公告)号：US06285514B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-04
申请号：US09564623
申请日：2000-05-04
申请人： Thomas R. O'Meara , David M. Pepper
发明人： Thomas R. O'Meara , David M. Pepper
IPC分类号： G02B310
CPC分类号： G01D5/26 , G01D5/266 , G01H9/00 , G01N29/2418
摘要： A lens for angularly overlapping a central portion of an optical beam with an outer portion of the beam is disclosed. The lens comprises a lens body having an optical axis, a rear surface on said lens body for receiving an optical beam, and a front surface on said lens body that includes inner and outer portions. The outer surface portion is inclined at a greater angle from the optical axis than the inner surface portion so that the outer portion of a beam transmitted through the lens from its rear surface to said outer surface portion is refracted by a lesser angle than an inner portion of the beam which reaches said inner surface portion. The inner and outer lens surface portions also have an angle between them which causes said inner and outer beam portions to converge and overlap at a non-zero angle forward of the lens, wherein the angle of the outer beam portion to the optical axis is selected to superimpose the inner beam portion and outer beam portion such that optical interference fringe patterns are formed.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将光束的中心部分与梁的外部部分成角度地重叠的透镜。 透镜包括具有光轴的透镜体，用于接收光束的所述透镜主体上的后表面，以及包括内部和外部的所述透镜主体上的前表面。 外表面部分比光轴以比内表面部分更大的角度倾斜，使得透过透镜的光束从其后表面到外表面部分的外部部分被折射比内部部分更小的角度 到达所述内表面部分的光束。 内透镜表面部分和外透镜表面部分之间也具有一个角度，这使得所述内光束部分和外光束部分在透镜前方非零角度会聚和重叠，其中外光束部分对光轴的角度被选择 以将内光束部分和外光束部分叠加以形成光学干涉条纹图案。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5684592A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-04
申请号：US481673
申请日：1995-06-07
申请人： Phillip V. Mitchell , David M. Pepper , Thomas R. O'Meara , Marvin B. Klein , Stephen W. McCahon , Gilmore J. Dunning
发明人： Phillip V. Mitchell , David M. Pepper , Thomas R. O'Meara , Marvin B. Klein , Stephen W. McCahon , Gilmore J. Dunning
CPC分类号： G01H9/00
摘要： An ultrasound detection system that is relatively insensitive to rough workpiece surfaces, suppresses low frequency noise, and provides high sensitivity without the need for active stabilization. An optical probe beam is reflected and phase modulated by a workpiece surface that is being vibrated by ultrasound. A time-delay interferometer optically interferes the phase modulated probe beam with a time-delayed replica of itself. The optical interference generates optical interference fringes that move in accordance with the workpiece surface velocity. The interference fringes are detected by a non-steady-state photo-electromotive-force (NSS-photo-EMF) detector that generates an output signal when the frequency of fringe motion exceeds a predetermined threshold.
摘要翻译： 对粗糙的工件表面相对不敏感的超声波检测系统抑制低频噪声，并提供高灵敏度，而不需要主动稳定。 光学探针光束被被超声振动的工件表面反射和相位调制。 时间延迟干涉仪通过自身的延时复制光学干涉相位调制探测光束。 光学干涉产生根据工件表面速度移动的光学干涉条纹。 通过非稳态光电动势（NSS-photo-EMF）检测器检测干涉条纹，当检测条纹运动频率超过预定阈值时，产生输出信号。
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公开(公告)号：US5113282A
公开(公告)日：1992-05-12
申请号：US75693
申请日：1987-07-10
申请人： Thomas R. O'Meara , David M. Pepper
发明人： Thomas R. O'Meara , David M. Pepper
IPC分类号： G02B26/06
CPC分类号： G02B26/06 , G02F2203/18
摘要： Apparatus for selectively limiting the response of an auxiliary liquid crystal light valve which is used in a dual liquid crystal light valve laser optics system for correcting inherent liquid crystal light valve distortion by isolating an atmospheric reference beam from the main laser beam in the auxiliary correction system. Two types of isolation are provided: dual bandwith and dual polarization. In the former, the response bandwidth of the auxiliary liquid crystal light valve is shifted to prevent overlap with the bandwidth of an atmospheric reference wavefront. In the dual polarization form of isolation, provision is made for rotating the polarization of only one of the two interacting beams.
摘要翻译： 用于选择性地限制用于双液晶光阀激光光学系统的辅助液晶光阀的响应的装置，用于通过在辅助校正系统中隔离主激光束的大气参考光束来校正固有的液晶光阀变形 。 提供两种类型的隔离：双带通和双极化。 在前者中，辅助液晶光阀的响应带宽被移动以防止与大气参考波阵面的带宽重叠。 在隔离的双极化形式中，提供仅旋转两个相互作用的波束中的一个的极化。
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