摘要:
An aerosol-generating article may comprise a liquid storage portion containing a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, and a hydrochromic material provided on the liquid storage portion. The hydrochromic material has a first colour when in the presence of or when in contact with the liquid aerosol-forming substrate and a second colour when in the absence of or when not in contact with the liquid aerosol-forming substrate. An aerosol-generating system may comprise the aerosol-generating article, an aerosol-generating element, and an aerosol-generating device. An aerosol-generating device may comprise an electrical power supply, an electronic photosensor, and a controller configured to control a supply of electrical power from the electrical power supply based on a value of an optical property sensed with the electronic photosensor.
摘要:
A steam generating device has a handle and a nozzle or pad attached to the handle for treating a surface. The handle includes a heat exchanger, a water reservoir, a fluid conduit in fluid communication with the water reservoir and heat exchanger, and a fluid delivery system for moving water from the water reservoir, through the fluid conduit, and into the heat exchanger. A fuel powered heater is positioned on a side of the wall of the heat exchanger opposite the interior space of the heat exchanger. A first section of the wall of the heat exchanger transfers heat from the heater to water located in the heat exchanger for generating steam from the water located in the heat exchanger. A second section of the wall of the heat exchanger includes an opening that allows steam to exit the heat exchanger and handle and flow through the nozzle or pad.
摘要:
In order to solve the numerous problems with existing steam, vacuum, and hot water heating systems, first presented is a novel system and method for a vapor vacuum system having low temperature condensate return which can operate without steam traps in both single-pipe and dual-pipe configurations. Secondly is disclosed systems and methods for integrating the disclosed vapor vacuum system with a condensing boiler. Thirdly is presented several systems and method of operating radiators having low temperature condensate return with the disclosed vapor vacuum system. Finally is presented condensing vacuum boiler designs that can be utilized with the disclosed vapor vacuum system. Also presented are embodiments having naturally-induced vacuum and utilizing district heat as well as combined heat and power. All innovations presented herein make vapor vacuum steam more efficient and economical for industrial, commercial, and home applications.
摘要:
Modularized, superheated steam generators comprise a steam module (46), a thermocouple module (41), and an electrode module (45) assembled within a containment enclosure (66). The multi-stage steam module (46) comprises a plurality of first stage pressure vessels (77) surrounding and feeding a second stage pressure vessel (78). The steam module (46) is coaxially surrounded by insulation (48) disposed within a cylindrical shroud (72). The electrode module (45) radiantly heats the steam module with resistive heating elements (119). The thermocouple module (41) includes thermocouples monitoring first stage temperatures within and between pressure vessels (77). PLC computer SCADA software (600) operates the generators. Thermocouple data is analyzed to control heater temperatures, the water feeding system (340), and outputted steam temperature. PLC software (600) provides operating logic (602) establishing a start up subroutine (602), a ramp up subroutine (603), a steady state subroutine (605), and a shut down subroutine (606).
摘要:
An electric steam generating device includes a cast body, a heating element, and a fluid passage. The heating element is at least partially surrounded by the cast body. The fluid passage passes through the cast body and is spaced apart from the heating element. The cast body transfers heat from the heating element to the fluid passage, and the fluid passage includes a first portion having a first size and a second portion having a second size.