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公开(公告)号：US4947825A
公开(公告)日：1990-08-14
申请号：US405165
申请日：1989-09-11
申请人： Michael P. Moriarty
发明人： Michael P. Moriarty
CPC分类号： F24J2/12 , B64G1/446 , B64G1/503 , B64G1/506 , F24J2/18 , F24J2/32 , F24J2002/1038 , Y02E10/42 , Y02E10/44
摘要： A combined solar concentrator and radiator assembly (10) is provided in a relatively lightweight and compact geometry adapted particularly for use in electrical power generation systems in space. The solar concentrator - radiator assembly comprises a solar reflector of the Cassegrain type having primary and secondary reflelctor surfaces (14) and (26) for concentrating incident solar ration upon a thermal powered generator unit (16). The primary reflector surface (14) is formed on one side of an array of interleaved panels (30) adapted for movement between a compact stowed profile to fit within the cargo bay of a transport vehicle, and an extended deployed configuration. The reverse sides of these panels define a space radiator of extended surface area connected to the generator unit (16) by heat transfer members such as heat pipes (34) for purposes of dissipating excess heat to the surrounding space environment.
摘要翻译： 组合的太阳能集中器和散热器组件（10）以相对轻便且紧凑的几何形状提供，特别适用于空间中的发电系统。 太阳能集中器 - 散热器组件包括卡赛格伦型的太阳能反射器，其具有用于将入射太阳能比例集中在热力发电机单元（16）上的初级和次级反射器表面（14）和（26）。 主反射器表面（14）形成在交错面板阵列（30）的一侧上，该阵列适于在紧凑的收起型材之间移动以装配在运输车辆的货舱内，以及扩展展开配置。 这些面板的相反侧通过诸如热管（34）的传热构件限定了连接到发电机单元（16）的延伸表面积的空间散热器，以便向周围的空间环境散发多余的热量。
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2.发明授权Apparatus for the capture and transfer of radiation energy such as solar radiation 失效用于捕获和转移辐射能量的装置，如太阳辐射
公开(公告)号：US4619243A
公开(公告)日：1986-10-28
申请号：US748614
申请日：1985-06-25
申请人： Pierre Vironneau , Jean Prunet
发明人： Pierre Vironneau , Jean Prunet
摘要： Solar heat is transferred to water by a relatively volatile liquid that flows in closed circuit. The water is thermally insulated from the sunlight. The volatile liquid is drawn by a thermosiphon effect through passageways exposed to the sunlight, and then through passageways shielded from the sunlight but in the same chamber as the passageways exposed to the sunlight, before proceeding to indirect heat exchange with the water and back to the reservoir of volatile liquid. A siphon loop in that shielded portion of the path, ensures that when there is no sunlight, the condensation in the conduits that were previously exposed to the sunlight will not cause reverse flow in the circuit.
摘要翻译： 太阳能热量通过在闭路中流动的相对易挥发的液体转移到水中。 水与阳光绝热。 挥发性液体通过暴露于阳光的通道中的热虹吸效应，然后通过遮蔽阳光但与阳光暴露的通道相同的室中的通道，然后与水进行间接热交换并返回到 挥发性液体储存。 路径屏蔽部分的虹吸回路确保当没有阳光时，先前暴露在阳光下的导管中的冷凝物不会在回路中产生反向流动。
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公开(公告)号：US4556049A
公开(公告)日：1985-12-03
申请号：US267074
申请日：1981-05-26
申请人： Dimiter I. Tchernev
发明人： Dimiter I. Tchernev
IPC分类号： F03G6/00 , F03G7/00 , F24J2/28 , F24J2/32 , F24J2/34 , F24J2/46 , F24J2/48 , F24J2/51 , F25B17/08 , F25B27/00 , F28D20/00
CPC分类号： F24J2/32 , F03G6/00 , F03G7/005 , F24J2/28 , F24J2/34 , F24J2/464 , F24J2/465 , F24J2/485 , F24J2/51 , F25B17/08 , F25B27/007 , F28D20/003 , F28D2020/006 , Y02B30/62 , Y02B30/64 , Y02E10/44 , Y02E10/46 , Y02E60/142 , Y02E70/30
摘要： A solar collector having a copper panel in a contiguous space relationship with a condenser-evaporator heat exchanger located under the panel, the panel having a honeycomb-like structure on its interior defining individual cells which are filled with zeolite loaded, in its adsorbed condition, with 18 to 20% by weight of water. The interior of the panel and heat exchanger are maintained at subatmospheric pressure of about 0.1 to 1 psia. The panel and heat exchanger are insulated on their lateral sides and bottoms and on the top of the heat exchange. The panel has a black coating on its top which is exposed to and absorbs solar energy. Surrounding the insulation (which supports the panel) is an extruded aluminum framework which supports a pair of spaced-apart glass panels above the solar panel. Water in conduits from a system for heating or cooling or both is connected to flow into an inlet and discharge from outlet of a finned coil received within the heat exchanger. The collector panel provides heat during the day through desorption and condensing of water vapor from the heated solar panel in the heat exchanger and cools at night by the re-adsorption of the water vapor from the heat exchanger which lowers the absolute pressure within the system and cools the heat exchange coils by evaporation.
摘要翻译： 一种太阳能集热器，其具有与位于所述面板下方的冷凝器 - 蒸发器热交换器相邻空间关系的铜板，所述板在其内部具有蜂窝状结构，其中限定了在其吸附条件下填充有沸石的单个电池， 具有18至20重量％的水。 面板和热交换器的内部保持在约0.1至1psia的低于大气压的压力下。 面板和热交换器在其侧面和底部以及热交换器的顶部被绝缘。 面板在其顶部具有黑色涂层，其暴露并吸收太阳能。 围绕绝缘体（支撑面板）是挤压铝框架，其支撑在太阳能电池板上方的一对间隔开的玻璃面板。 来自用于加热或冷却的系统的导管中的水被连接以流入入口并从容纳在热交换器内的翅片式线圈的出口排出。 收集器面板通过在热交换器中从加热的太阳能电池板解吸和冷凝水蒸气而提供热量，并且在晚上通过再次吸附来自热交换器的水蒸汽冷却，这降低了系统内的绝对压力， 通过蒸发来冷却热交换盘管。
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公开(公告)号：US4437456A
公开(公告)日：1984-03-20
申请号：US278288
申请日：1981-06-29
申请人： Michael A. Merrigan
发明人： Michael A. Merrigan
摘要： A heat collector and method suitable for efficiently and cheaply collecting solar and other thermal energy are provided. The collector employs a heat pipe in a gravity-assist mode and is not evacuated. The collector has many advantages, some of which include ease of assembly, reduced structural stresses on the heat pipe enclosure, and a low total materials cost requirement. Natural convective forces drive the collector, which after startup operates entirely passively due in part to differences in molecular weights of gaseous components within the collector.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种适合于有效和廉价地收集太阳能和其他热能的集热器和方法。 收集器采用重力辅助模式的热管，不抽真空。 收集器具有许多优点，其中一些包括易于组装，减少热管外壳上的结构应力以及低的总材料成本要求。 自然对流力驱动集电器，其在启动之后完全被动地运行，部分是由于收集器内的气体组分的分子量的差异。
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5.发明授权Solar collector comprising an absorber plate which exchanges heat with the evaporator section of a heat pipe 失效太阳能收集器包括与热管的蒸发器部分进行热交换的吸收器板
公开(公告)号：US4416261A
公开(公告)日：1983-11-22
申请号：US320248
申请日：1981-11-12
摘要： There is provided a solar collector comprising a metal heat pipe having an evaporator section and a condenser section. A metal tube is spaced from and surrounds the evaporator section, one end of such metal tube being closed and the other end being open. A metal solar heat absorber plate is thermally conductively connected to the metal tube. An evacuated transparent glass envelope is spaced from and surrounds the metal tube and the absorber plate connected thereto, such envelope being joined to the open end of the metal tube by means of a glass-metal seal. A thermally conductive medium fills the space between the metal tube and the evaporator section of the heat pipe.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种太阳能收集器，其包括具有蒸发器部分和冷凝器部分的金属热管。 金属管与蒸发器部分隔开并且围绕着蒸发器部分，这种金属管的一端是封闭的，另一端是开放的。 金属太阳能热吸收板与金属管导热连接。 抽真空的透明玻璃外壳与金属管和连接在其上的吸收板隔开并围绕，这种信封通过玻璃 - 金属密封件连接到金属管的开口端。 导热介质填充金属管与热管的蒸发器部分之间的空间。
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公开(公告)号：US4382437A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-10
申请号：US279854
申请日：1981-07-02
CPC分类号： F28D15/0275 , F24J2/0444 , F24J2/32 , F24J2/34 , F24J2/407 , F28D15/06 , F01P2003/2278 , F28F2013/008 , Y02B10/20 , Y02E10/44
摘要： A self-contained passive solar heating system includes first and second heat pipes, each having a refrigerant medium therein, a condenser portion and an evaporator portion, with the condenser portion of the first heat pipe being coupled to the evaporator portion of the second heat pipe for transferring heat thereto when the pressure within the first heat pipe is greater than the pressure within the second heat pipe. The evaporator portion of the first heat pipe is adapted to be exposed to a source of heat and the condenser portion of the second heat pipe contacts a medium to be heated. A temperature control mechanism may be installed as the coupling between the first and second heat pipes for uncoupling the same when the temperature within the first heat pipe falls below a predetermined temperature. Also, a third heat pipe may be provided having a thermostatic portion operatively connected to the condenser portion of the second heat pipe by a piston means so that changes in pressure within the thermostatic portion occasioned by changes in temperature of the medium to be heated will cause movement of the pistons to vary the size of the condensing portion of the second heat pipe to increase or decrease the rate of heat transfer to the medium.
摘要翻译： 一种独立的被动太阳能加热系统，包括第一和第二热管，每个热管各自具有制冷剂介质，冷凝器部分和蒸发器部分，第一热管的冷凝器部分连接到第二热管的蒸发器部分 用于当第一热管内的压力大于第二热管内的压力时向其传热。 第一热管的蒸发器部分适于暴露于热源，并且第二热管的冷凝器部分接触待加热的介质。 当第一热管内的温度降到预定温度以下时，可以将温度控制机构安装为第一和第二热管之间的联接，以使其脱离。 此外，可以提供第三热管，其具有通过活塞装置可操作地连接到第二热管的冷凝器部分的恒温部分，使得由于待加热介质的温度变化引起的恒温部分内的压力变化将导致 活塞的移动以改变第二热管的冷凝部分的尺寸，以增加或降低传热到介质的速率。
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公开(公告)号：US4335706A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-22
申请号：US192485
申请日：1980-09-30
摘要： An energy collector and transferring apparatus which in its first embodiment utilizes three connected closed loop conduit systems. The first closed loop conduit system is to include an energy collector which is to collect not only solar energy but ambient energy. The energy is absorbed within a black liquid flowing through the first conduit system. The first conduit system includes a first energy exchanger wherein the absorbed energy is transferred from black liquid to a second energy absorbing medium. The second energy absorbing medium is cycled within a second closed loop conduit system. A compressor is included within the second closed loop conduit system to condense this medium from a gaseous state to a higher density fluid, thereby substantially raising the temperature. The energy from the second energy absorbing medium is then to be absorbed through an energy exchanger to a third energy absorbing medium of a third closed loop conduit system. In a second embodiment of the present invention, the first and third closed loop conduit systems are combined into a single closed loop conduit system with the second closed loop conduit system functioning to additively supply energy to the single closed loop conduit system.
摘要翻译： 在第一实施例中的能量收集器和传送装置利用三个连接的闭环导管系统。 第一闭环管道系统包括能量收集器，其不仅收集太阳能而且收集环境能量。 能量被吸收在流过第一导管系统的黑色液体中。 第一导管系统包括第一能量交换器，其中吸收的能量从黑色液体转移到第二能量吸收介质。 第二能量吸收介质在第二闭环管道系统内循环。 压缩机包括在第二闭环管道系统内，以将该介质从气态冷凝至较高密度的流体，从而基本上升高温度。 然后将来自第二能量吸收介质的能量通过能量交换器吸收到第三闭环管道系统的第三能量吸收介质。 在本发明的第二实施例中，第一和第三闭环管道系统被组合成单个闭环管道系统，其中第二闭环管道系统用于向单个闭环管道系统增加能量。
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公开(公告)号：US4306543A
公开(公告)日：1981-12-22
申请号：US58581
申请日：1979-07-18
CPC分类号： F24J2/4616 , F24J2/055 , F24J2/32 , F24J2/4612 , Y02E10/44
摘要： There is provided a solar collector comprising an absorber, a getter, and a heating element arranged within an evacuated transparent envelope, the heating element being positioned separate and apart from the getter. Associated with the envelope is means to heat the heating element to a temperature of 500.degree. to 2000.degree. C. in order to crack any hydrocarbons formed from gaseous contaminants released by the envelope and the absorber during operation.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种太阳能收集器，其包括吸收器，吸气剂和布置在抽空的透明外壳内的加热元件，加热元件与吸气剂分离并分开。 与信封相关联的是将加热元件加热至500℃至2000℃的温度的手段，以便在操作期间裂开由包封和吸收器释放的气态污染物形成的任何烃。
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公开(公告)号：US4305382A
公开(公告)日：1981-12-15
申请号：US105145
申请日：1979-12-19
申请人： Peter T. M. Nott
发明人： Peter T. M. Nott
摘要： Disclosed are apparatus and method for heating water by reflux condensation wherein a solar vaporized heat transfer fluid passes through a condenser in heat exchange relationship with a volume of water. The collection of solar radiation is effected in a primary solar collection region elevated above the condenser. The invention disclosed provides for the recirculation of condensed heat transfer fluid from condenser to the primary collection region. Sequentially, this entails passing condensate by gravity from the condenser into a U-type trap for accumulation until excess condensate causes some spill-over and flow by gravity of condensate into a booster solar collection region, through a venturi. In the booster regin spill over condensate flash vaporizes and is channeled in reverse through the venturi. The velocity of the vapor in the venturi creates low pressure according to the venturi effect, thereby drawing condensate accumulated in the trap into the venturi. Condensate so drawn into the venturi is lifted upward by the booster generated vapor into the primary collector for distribution and re-vaporization. This cycle will repeat intermittently like the percolation of water in a coffee pot.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种通过回流冷凝来加热水的装置和方法，其中太阳能蒸发的传热流体与一定体积的水以热交换关系通过冷凝器。 太阳辐射的收集是在冷凝器上方升高的初级太阳能收集区域进行的。 所公开的发明提供了冷凝的传热流体从冷凝器再循环到主要收集区域。 接下来，这需要通过重力将冷凝物从冷凝器送入U型捕集器以进行积聚，直到多余的冷凝物通过文丘里管引起一些溢出并通过冷凝物的重力流入增强太阳能收集区域。 在加强器中，溢流冷凝物闪蒸蒸发并通过文丘里管反向引导。 文氏管中蒸汽的速度根据文丘里效应产生低压，从而将积聚在捕集器中的凝结物吸入文丘里管中。 如此吸入文丘里管的冷凝物被升压产生的蒸汽向上提升到主收集器中，用于分配和再蒸发。 这个循环将像咖啡壶里的水渗透一样重复。
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公开(公告)号：US4280483A
公开(公告)日：1981-07-28
申请号：US186341
申请日：1980-09-11
申请人： I. Lawrence Schaffer
发明人： I. Lawrence Schaffer
CPC分类号： F24J2/32 , F24J2/0444 , F24J2002/4605 , Y02B10/20 , Y02E10/44
摘要： A solar heater adapted to be made as an integral, sealed unit for installation in a building exterior wall or for use in an existing window opening or the like. A collector is operative to transfer solar heat to an adjacent evaporator to heat and vaporize a liquid refrigerant. The refrigerant vapor rises naturally into a condenser disposed in intimate contact with a solid phase change material carried in a plurality of spaced containers. The refrigerant is condensed and flows by gravity back to the evaporator, giving up its heat of vaporization to the phase change material, resulting in melting of a portion of the material, and thereby storing heat. Air circulating past the containers receives heat from the material for heating the building interior during the night as well as the day. Stackable, nestable units are disclosed.
摘要翻译： 一种太阳能加热器，其适于被制成用于安装在建筑外墙中或用于现有窗户开口等中的整体的密封单元。 收集器用于将太阳能热量传递到相邻的蒸发器以加热和蒸发液体制冷剂。 制冷剂蒸汽自然地升高成与多个间隔开的容器中携带的固相变材料紧密接触的冷凝器。 制冷剂被冷凝并通过重力流向蒸发器，放弃相变材料的蒸发热，导致部分材料熔化，从而储存热量。 循环通过容器的空气在夜间和当天从物料中接收热量，以加热建筑物内部空间。 公开了可堆叠的可嵌套单元。
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