摘要:
The invention relates to an apparatus and method for measuring calorie in a beverage. The apparatus comprises a chamber, an information obtaining unit, a concentration measuring unit, a processing unit and a display screen. The chamber is configured to contain the beverage. The information obtaining unit is configured to obtain beverage information indicating the volume or the weight of the beverage. The concentration measuring unit configured to measure the concentration of a predetermined substance in the beverage. The processing unit is configured to calculate the overall calorie according to the volume or the weight of the beverage and the measured concentration of the predetermined substance. The display screen is configured to display the overall calorie.
摘要:
There is disclosed a method for determining the heating value of a fuel, the fuel comprising at least one hydrocarbon including a first hydrocarbon present in the highest molar concentration, the method comprising: measuring the stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio of the fuel; determining the ideal molar heating value (HVm,i) from the measured stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio; measuring the molar concentration of the first hydrocarbon; and determining the real molar heating value (HVm,r) from the ideal molar heating value (HVm,i) and the molar concentration of the first hydrocarbon. An apparatus is also disclosed.
摘要:
The invention relates to a flow microcalorimeter wherein the reactant fluids are injected in one tubular flow chamber and reacted while mixing and flowing therethrough and a heat exchange means is associated with the tubular flow chamber wherethrough a fluid is circulated in a reverse flow direction. Measurements can be made in either the adiabatic or the isothermal mode depending on the relative flow of the reactant fluids and the heat exchange fluids. In some applications, such as when very fine measurements are required, thermal effects unrelated to the mixing can be cancelled out by introducing the already mixed and reacted fluids into a similar tubular flow chamber with a similar heat exchanger, this arrangement including a differentially coupled temperature sensing means associated with the outlets of said heat exchange means.
摘要:
A sample of a material is placed into a measuring cell of a calorimeter consisting of upper and the lower parts connected with each other by a movable detachable tight connection. The cell is equipped with two coaxially arranged tubes capable of independent connection to external devices. An outer tube is connected to the upper part of the cell and an inner tube is connected to the lower part of the cell via the movable detachable tight connection and is movable. At least once a contact of the sample with vapor of a liquid is provided and heat of adsorption is measured, then contact of the sample with the same or another liquid is provided and heat of wetting of the sample by the same or the other liquid is measured.
摘要:
Apparatus and method for detecting shear resonances includes structure and steps for applying a radiation pulse from a pulsed source of radiation to an object to generate elastic waves therein, optically detecting the elastic waves generated in the object, and analyzing the elastic waves optically detected in the object. These shear resonances, alone or in combination with other information, may be used in the present invention to improve thickness measurement accuracy and to determine geometrical, microstructural, and physical properties of the object. At least one shear resonance in the object is detected with the elastic waves optically detected in the object. Preferably, laser-ultrasound spectroscopy is utilized to detect the shear resonances.
摘要:
A composite sensor includes a first sensor configured to detect a first physical quantity; a second sensor as a sensor of a different type from the first sensor, the second sensor being configured to detect a second physical quantity identical to or correlating with the first physical quantity; and an internal control unit configured to perform failure diagnosis for at least one of the first sensor or the second sensor by comparison between a detection result of the first sensor and a detection result of the second sensor.