摘要:
A modular rolling train, particularly a hot rolling train, preferably in conjunction with an upstream casting facility, and a method for operating a modular rolling train are described. The rolling train is standardized and modularized by dividing the rolling train into discrete units n and by modularization of the discrete units. The rolling train can be flexibly adapted to new requirements by exchanging a module.
摘要:
An apparatus for the hot production of strip (N) including a casting machine (11) configured to cast a thin slab (TS), a heating device (16) configured to maintain the temperature of and/or heat said thin slab (TS), at least one roughing unit (19) and a finishing unit (20) configured to obtain a strip (N), and wherein said casting machine (11), the heating device (16), the roughing unit (19), and the finishing unit (20) are disposed aligned along a common working axis (Z).
摘要:
A plurality of flat metal items to be rolled (3) are fed to a plurality of rolling stands (1, 2) of a rolling installation, one after the other over a feed path (4). The items (3) are rolled by the rolling stands (1, 2) past which they are fed. In the rolling stands (1, 2), the flat item to be rolled (3) is first rough-rolled in at least one roughing pass with a wedge-type roll gap adjustment (ds) and then finish-rolled in finishing passes. After the finish-rolling of the flat item, a thickness taper (dd) that is present in the respective finish-rolled flat item is recorded by measuring instruments. The thickness taper (dd) is compared with a target taper (dZ). On the basis of a deviation of the thickness taper (dd) from the target taper (dZ) and the wedge-type roll gap adjustment (ds), a new wedge-type roll gap adjustment (ds) is determined for the at least one roughing pass. The wedge-type roll gap adjustment (ds) for the at least one roughing pass for the next flat item to be rolled (3) is set to correspond to the newly determined value of the wedge-type roll gap adjustment (ds), so that the next flat item to be rolled (3) is rough-rolled in the at least one roughing pass with the newly determined value of the wedge-type roll gap adjustment (ds).
摘要:
In a rolling mill, an open-loop and/or closed-loop control device and a method for adjusting a discharge thickness of rolling stock which passes through a multi-stand mill train, wherein a first section of the rolling stock is rolled to a first discharge thickness, a second section of the rolling stock is rolled to a second discharge thickness which is different from the first discharge thickness. Because a transition from the first discharge thickness to the second discharge thickness takes place at a feed rate of the rolling stock into the mill train which is adjusted as a function of a discharge rate of the rolling stock of a unit which is arranged upstream of the mill train in the direction of mass flow, a method can be made available which runs essentially without reactions for units which are arranged upstream of the mill train in the direction of mass flow.
摘要:
To provide a metal ring excellent in durability by reducing decrease in margin of strength and concentration of tensile stress at its both widthwise end portions and to efficiently realize a production method of the same, a metal ring is formed in an endless band-like body having a nitride layer on its surface portion and constituting part of a metal belt of a belt type continuously variable transmission, the nitride layer being constituted by a first nitride layer portion positioned on an outer circumferential side, a second nitride layer portion positioned on an inner circumferential side, and third nitride layer portions positioned on both widthwise end sides, and the layer thicknesses of the third nitride layer portions being smaller than either one of the layer thicknesses of the first nitride layer portion and the second nitride layer portion.
摘要:
A rolling line (10) for the production of flat products (111) comprises a casting machine (12) suitable to continuously cast a thin slab (11), a temperature maintenance and homogenization unit (18), a rolling unit (22) comprising at least a double rolling stand (23a, 23b) of the Steckel reversing type downstream of the temperature maintenance and homogenization unit (18), at least a forming stand or roughing stand (20), directly connected immediately to the exit of the casting machine (12) and upstream of the temperature maintenance and homogenization unit (18), and suitable to reduce the thickness of the slab (11) just solidified. The forming stand or roughing stand (20) is configured to perform an adaptive reduction of the thickness of the cast slab (11) smaller than or equal to about 65% at least as a function of the thickness, width and type of material of the finished flat product. The rolling unit (22) is configured to perform a reduction of the reduction of the thin slab (11) coming from the temperature maintenance and homogenization unit (18) to a thickness comprised between about 1.2 mm and about 20 mm by means of at most three double rolling passes through the double rolling stand (23a, 23b).
摘要:
A steel sheet for forming having low-temperature heat treatment property, in which heat treatment is performed within a range of lower temperature than a conventional steel sheet in the event of hot press forming or post-heat treatment after cold forming, a method of manufacturing the same, and a method of manufacturing parts using the same. The steel sheet has a composition of, by weight, carbon (C): 0.15 to 0.35%, silicon (Si): 0.5% or less, manganese (Mn): 1.5 to 2.2%, phosphorus (P): 0.025% or less, sulfur (S): 0.01% or less, aluminum (Al): 0.01 to 0.05%, nitrogen (N): 50 to 200 ppm, titanium (Ti): 0.005 to 0.05%, tungsten (W): 0.005 to 0.1%, and boron (B): 1 to 50 ppm, wherein Ti/N: less than 3.4, where Ti/N is the atomic ratio of the corresponding elements, Ceq expressed by the following formula ranges from 0.48 to 0.58, and temperature Ar3 ranges from 670° C. to 725° C. Wherein Ceq=C+Si/24+Mn/6+Ni/40+Cr/5+V/14 where C, Si, Mn, Ni, Cr and V indicate the contents (wt %) of the respective elements.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing hardened structural parts from sheet steel. The method includes shaping at least one shaped part made of sheet steel provided with a cathodic corrosion protection coating, performing any required final trim of the shaped part and possibly any required punching, or the creation of a perforation pattern, subsequently heating the shaped part, at least over partial areas, under the admission of atmospheric oxygen to a temperature which permits austenizing of the steel material, and thereafter transferring the structural part to a mold-hardening tool and performing mold-hardening in the mold-hardening tool, wherein the structural part is cooled by the contact with and pressing by the mold-hardening tool and is hardened thereby.
摘要:
Additions of small but effective amounts of one or more of bismuth, indium, lead and/or tin to an aluminum casting alloy markedly improved the dry machinability of a casting made from the modified alloy. The added elements, which are softer and lower melting than the matrix alloy form as small globules in the microstructure of the aluminum casting. These globules do not adversely affect the strength or hardness of the casting but enable surfaces of the casting to be machined without the use of a cooling and lubricating machining fluid.
摘要:
The apparatus is formed by confronting wide side mold walls and confronting narrow side mold walls, The narrow side mold walls are composed of an electrically conductive refractory material and are directly heated. Each of the narrow side mold walls include an upper squeezed portion and a lower parallel portion, The upper squeezed portion has a surface in contact with the molten metal which converges in width along a casting direction. The lower parallel portion has surface in contact with the molten metal which is substantially uniform in width.