摘要:
High quality epitaxial layers of monocrystalline materials (317) can be grown overlying monocrystalline substrates (311) such as large silicon wafers by forming a compliant substrate for growing the monocrystalline layers. An accommodating buffer layer (315) comprises a layer of monocrystalline oxide spaced apart from a silicon wafer by an amorphous interface layer (314) of silicon oxide. The amorphous interface layer dissipates strain and permits the growth of a high quality monocrystalline oxide accommodating buffer layer. The accommodating buffer layer is lattice matched to both the underlying silicon wafer and the overlying monocrystalline material layer. Any lattice mismatch between the accommodating buffer layer and the underlying silicon substrate is taken care of by the amorphous interface layer. In addition, formation of a compliant substrate may include utilizing surfactant enhanced epitaxy, epitaxial growth of single crystal silicon onto single crystal oxide, and epitaxial growth of Zintl phase materials. An optical communication device (310-304) for interactively communicating with other devices via optical communication signals (e.g., data, video, and/or audio) is formed overlying the silicon wafer.
摘要:
A first film (8) is formed between a substrate (1) constituting an optical waveguide device (10) and a signal electrode (3) and ground electrodes (5), (6). A second film (9) is formed between the substrate (1) and a signal electrode (4) and ground electrodes (6), (7). The substrate (1), an optical waveguide (2), the signal electrode (3), the ground electrodes (5), (6) and the first film (8) constitute an optical phase modulator (10A). The substrate (1), the optical waveguide (2), the signal electrode (4), the ground electrodes (6), (7) and the second film (9) constitute an optical intensity modulator (10B). The optical waveguide element (10) is constituted by integrating the optical phase modulator(10A) and the optical intensity modulator (10B).
摘要:
Electronic and optical (or photonic) devices with variable or switchable properties and methods used to form these devices, are disclosed. More specifically, the present invention involves forming layers of conductive material and dielectric material or materials with varying conductivity and indexes of refraction to form various electronic and optical devices. One such layer of adjustable material is formed by depositing epitaxial or reduced grain boundary barium strontium titanate on the C-plane of sapphire.
摘要:
In an integrated optical lightguide device comprising a light-transmitting layer and an inclusion layer, an activable element is divided into several individual segments. Groups of segments thereby exhibit mutually different refractive index profiles, material profiles or mutually different degrees of activability as regards the refractive index profile, which have been effected by different, suitable methods. Thus, repeated adjustable or controllable transmission has resulted in an extremely sensitive waveguide system, for example for a sensor, a modulator, a spectrophotometer and the like.
摘要:
A projection display is based on a new switching technology for routing laser light among a set optical waveguides (1147, 1149) and coupling that light toward the viewer. The switching technology is based on poled electro-optical structures (66, 68). The display technology is versatile enough to cover application areas spanning the range from miniature high resolution computer displays to large screen displays for high definition television formats. The invention combines the high brightness and power efficiency inherent in visible semiconductor diode laser sources with a new waveguide electro-optical switching technology to form a dense two-dimensional addressable array of high brightness light emissive pixels. This invention provides an all solid-state, full color, high resolution projection display suitable for displaying computer generated information and full motion HDTV.
摘要:
This invention discloses a method and apparatus for shortening the length of a pulse of light. Generally, the method entails altering the index of refraction of an optical medium (14) through which the pulse of light is traveling at an area of the medium (14) where the front end of the pulse of light is located, such that the front end of the pulse of light travels slower than the back end, thus enabling the back end to catch up with the front end in order to shorten the length of the pulse. To accomplish this, it is proposed to generate an electric field across the optical medium (14) by a charge carrying medium (12) positioned relative to the optical medium (14), such that the index of refraction is altered by the electro-optic effect. In addition, it is possible to alter the index of refraction of the optical medium (14) by surrounding the optical medium (14) with a piezoelectric material (20) and applying an electric field to the piezoelectric material (20) such that the piezoelectric material (20) compresses the optical medium (14), thus altering the index of refraction.
摘要:
Integrated optical switching device for switchably converted a fraction of a first guided mode signal into a second guided mode signal of different order. Added to a passive mode converter (c) provided with a bimodal waveguide, in which said conversion can take place by means of a periodic coupling in coupling surfaces 1-N as a consequence of a specific geometry (f, g), are means (10, 14) for switchably disrupting the coupling, as a consequence of which the conversion does or does not take place. Preferably, the device is constructed on semiconductor material and the modification is carried out by charge carrier injection. On/off and directional switches based on this are described. Advantages: very good integrability, short length, no critical parameters in the manufacture, and operation at low control currents.
摘要:
A resonator is provided that includes opposing mirrors arranged substantially parallel to each other and separated to confine reflections for gain. A gain medium is between the opposing mirrors. A pump pumps the gain medium. At least one microrefractive element, or tens, hundreds, thousands, millions or more, stabilizes the resonator. The refractive element is disposed between the opposing mirrors and is configured to support a laser beam at a position of the refractive element. A method for producing laser light directs pump light onto one or a plurality of microrefractive elements. Reflections from the one or a plurality of microrefractive elements are confined in a resonator volume. Gain is provided in the resonator volume. Laser energy is emitted from the resonator volume.