摘要:
A multi-channel modular device (10) processes between two fluid streams of different compositions. The device (10) includes a porous body (150) having a first plurality of feed-flow pathways (110) disposed in the body (150) for transporting a first stream (180). A pathway wall (114) surrounds each of the first plurality of feed-flow pathways (110) for processing the first stream (180) into a first composition (1852) and a second composition (1802). At least one feedflow inlet (1101) is disposed in the body (150) for introducing the first stream (180) into the first plurality of feed-flow pathways (110). At least one feed-flow outlet (1102) is disposed in the body (150) for discharging the remaining first stream containing the second composition (1802). At least one second pathway (210) is disposed in the body (150) for transporting a second stream (280) having a second inlet (2101) and a second outlet (2102). A networked plurality of fluid conduits (152) formed in the porous body (150) provides the flow-conduit for the second stream (280) to sweep the first composition (1852) from each of the first plurality of the feed-flow pathways (110) to the second outlet (2102). A vessel (300) ports the inlets (1101 and 2101) and outlets (1102 and 2102) to provide a second stream flow access and for spacing the body within and away from the inner surfaces of the vessel (300) to provide a gap (310) for access. A partition (350) is disposed in the gap between the body and the vessel for diverting the flow within the gap (310).
摘要:
The invention relates to a new and improved process and apparatus for the production of high purity hydrogen by steam reforming. The apparatus is an integrated flameless distributed combustion-membrane steam reforming (FDC-MSR) or reactor for steam reforming of a vaporizable hydrocarbon to produce H2 and CO2, with minimal CO, and minimal CO in the H2 stream. The flameless distributed combustion drives the steam reforming reaction which pro-vides great improvements in heat exchange efficiency and load following capabilities. The reactor may contain multiple flameless distributed combustion chambers and multiple hydrogen-selective, hydrogen-permeable, membrane tubes. The feed and reaction gases may flow through the reactor either radially or axially. A further embodiment of the invention involves producing high purity hydrogen by dehydrogenation using an integrated FDC -membrane de-hydrogenation reactor. A still further embodiment of the invention involves a zero emission hybrid power system wherein the produced hydrogen is used to power a high-pressure internally manifolded molten carbonate fuel cell. In addition, the design of the FDC-SMR powered fuel cell makes it possible to capture good concentrations of CO2 for sequestration or use in other processes.
摘要:
The present invention is drawn toward systems and methods of extracting hydrogen gas from an ambient (14) or conditioned atmosphere (34), preferably for use in a hydrogen fuel cell. The hydrogen collection system is defined by walls (12) that are preferentially permeable to hydrogen gas and substantially impermeable to gases reactive with hydrogen gas. Further, the walls (12) are preferably extensively folded to increase the surface area through which hydrogen gas can pass. In order to facilitate the passing of hydrogen gas through the walls (12) of the hydrogen collection system, a pumping device (20) coupled to the system can be provided. Once the hydrogen gas has been collected, it can be reacted with oxygen or otherwise used in the collection chamber (10) or transported to a different chamber (46) through a conduit (28) where it can be stored or used.
摘要:
The invention relates to a new and improved process and apparatus for the production of high purity hydrogen by steam reforming. The apparatus is an integrated flameless distributed combustion-membrane steam reforming (FDC-MSR) or reactor for steam reforming of a vaporizable hydrocarbon to produce H2 and CO2, with minimal CO, and minimal CO in the H2 stream. The flameless distributed combustion drives the steam reforming reaction which pro-vides great improvements in heat exchange efficiency and load following capabilities. The reactor may contain multiple flameless distributed combustion chambers and multiple hydrogen-selective, hydrogen-permeable, membrane tubes. The feed and reaction gases may flow through the reactor either radially or axially. A further embodiment of the invention involves producing high purity hydrogen by dehydrogenation using an integrated FDC -membrane de-hydrogenation reactor. A still further embodiment of the invention involves a zero emission hybrid power system wherein the produced hydrogen is used to power a high-pressure internally manifolded molten carbonate fuel cell. In addition, the design of the FDC-SMR powered fuel cell makes it possible to capture good concentrations of CO2 for sequestration or use in other processes.
摘要:
A hydrogen purification device (10) includes enclosure (12) that contains a separation membrane assembly (20) adapted to receive a mixed gas stream (24) containing hydrogen gas to produce a stream (34) that contains pure or at least substantially pure hydrogen gas therefrom. Separation assembly (20) includes at least one hydrogen-permeable and/or hydrogen-selective membrane (46), and in some embodiments includes at least one membrane envelope that includes a pair of generally opposed membrane regions that define a harvesting conduit therebetween and which are separated by a support. The enclosure (12) includes components that are formed from materials having similar or the same coefficients of thermal expansion as the membrane or membranes (46). In some embodiments, these components include at least a portion of the support, and in some embodiments, these components include at least a portion of enclosure (12).
摘要:
Composite materials of the invention, which include a gas-tight ceramic, a porous metallic support, and an interfacial zone therebetween eliminate the need for mechanical seals between two such dissimilar materials. Oxygen ion-conducting dense ceramic membranes are formed on a porous metallic alloy to provide an interfacial zone identifiable by a gradient of composition in at least one metallic element across the interfacial zone between the dense ceramic membrane and the porous support. Processes using composite materials in accordance with the invention are, for example, used for production of synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and molecular hydrogen, whereby the synthesis gas is, advantageously, free of deleterious and/or inert gaseous diluents such as nitrogen.
摘要:
A composite article having a sealed portion which can be formed with ease in a high temperature region of 800 DEG or higher and also is excellent in reliability and heat cycle characteristics and thus is suitable for use in an apparatus for producing pure oxygen, an oxygen-rich air or the like, a barrier membrane reactor represented by that for partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon gas, a solid oxide fuel cell, an oxygen gas purification apparatus, a heat exchanger and the like. The composite article allows apparatuses in a wide range of applications which have been delayed in development owing to unsatisfactory sealing to have enhanced possibility of commercialization. In particular, the utilization of the composite article in the above-listed apparatuses can contribute greatly to the acceleration of their development.
摘要:
The invention relates to a membrane reactor for the production of highly pure hydrogen from a hydrocarbon stream and steam, comprising a diffusion membrane, permeable to hydrogen and optionally a catalyst for the conversion of hydrocarbons to hydrogen and separation of the hydrogen gas from the remaining gases. The membrane and optionally the reactor are equipped with means for heating. The invention further relates to a method for the production of highly pure hydrogen gas with a pre-treatment step.
摘要:
Membrane modules that contain one or more hydrogen-selective membranes, methods for preparing the same, and hydrogen purification systems, fuel processors and devices containing the same. In some embodiments, the membrane modules include one or more hydrogen-selective membranes supported on a screen structure, of which a variety of embodiments are disclosed. In some embodiments, the membrane or membranes are adhesively mounted on the screen structure during assembly. In some embodiments, the screen structure includes a plurality of screen members adhesively mounted together during assembly. In some embodiments, the screen structure includes a coating.