公开(公告)号：WO2005041774A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-12

申请号：PCT/GB2004/004475

申请日：2004-10-22

Applicant: ELEKTA AB (PUBL) ,  BROWN, Kevin, John

Inventor： BROWN, Kevin, John

IPC: A61B6/00

CPC classification number: A61N5/1081 ,  A61N5/10 ,  A61N5/1042 ,  A61N5/1082

Abstract: A radiation therapy/surgery device optimised to meet the needs of the Neurosurgeon is provided, i.e. one for the treatment of tumours in the brain. It combines the qualities of a good penumbra and accuracy, simple prescription and operation, together with high reliability and minimal technical support. The device comprises a rotateable support, on which is provided a mount extending from the support out of the plane of the circle, and a radiation source attached to the mount via a pivot, the pivot having an axis which passes through the axis of rotation of the support, the radiation source being aligned so as to produce a beam which passes through the co-incidence of the rotation axis and the pivot. It will generally be easier to engineer the apparatus if the rotateable support is planar, and more convenient if the rotateable support is disposed in an upright position. The rotation of the rotateable support will be eased if this part of the apparatus is circular. A particularly preferred orientation is one in which the radiation source is spaced from the rotateable support, to allow it to pivot without fouling the latter. It is thus preferred that the mount extends transverse to the support. In this way, the pivot axis is spaced from the rotateable support providing free space in which the radiation source can pivot. Another way of expressing this preference is to state that the pivot axis is located out of the plane of the rotateable support. To simplify the geometry of the device and the associated arithmetic, it is preferred both that the pivot axis is substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis, and that the beam direction is perpendicular to the pivot axis. It is preferred that the radiation source is a linear accelerator. The output of the radiation source is preferably collimated to conform to the shape of the area to be treated.

Abstract translation: 提供了优化以满足神经外科医生需求的放射治疗/手术装置，即用于治疗脑中肿瘤的放射治疗/手术装置。 它结合了良好的半暗带的质量和准确性，简单的处方和操作，以及高可靠性和最小的技术支持。 该装置包括可旋转的支撑件，其上设置有从支撑件延伸出圆的平面的安装座，以及经由枢轴连接到安装座的辐射源，该枢轴具有穿过轴的旋转轴线 支撑件，辐射源被对准以便产生通过旋转轴线和枢轴的共同入射的梁。 如果可旋转支撑件是平面的，通常更容易设计设备，并且如果可旋转支撑件设置在直立位置，则更方便。 如果设备的这部分是圆形的，则可旋转支撑件的旋转将被缓解。 特别优选的方向是其中辐射源与可旋转支撑件间隔开的方向，以允许其枢转而不使其污染。 因此，优选地，安装件横向于支撑件延伸。 以这种方式，枢转轴线与可旋转支撑件间隔开，从而提供辐射源能在其中枢转的自由空间。 表示这种偏好的另一种方式是说明枢转轴线位于可旋转支撑平面之外。 为了简化装置的几何形状和相关联的运算，优选地，枢转轴线基本上垂直于旋转轴线，并且梁方向垂直于枢转轴线。 优选的是，辐射源是线性加速器。 辐射源的输出优选地被准直以符合待处理区域的形状。

公开(公告)号：WO2008128551A1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-30

申请号：PCT/EP2007/003395

申请日：2007-04-18

Applicant: ELEKTA AB (PUBL) ,  BROWN, Kevin, John

Inventor： BROWN, Kevin, John

IPC: A61N5/10

CPC classification number: A61N5/1049 ,  A61N5/103 ,  A61N5/1067 ,  A61N5/1084 ,  A61N2005/1061

Abstract: A treatment planning apparatus for radiation treatment is described, adapted to accept a treatment plan comprising (i) a prior image of a region to be treated and a plurality of dose locations within the prior image, and (ii) a current image of the region to be treated, the apparatus comprising an associating means arranged, for each dose location, to locate an anatomical structure in the prior image proximate that dose location; a comparator for comparing the prior image and the current image, locating in the current image at least those anatomical structures that are associated with a dose location, and determining a transformation between the prior image and the current image for each anatomical structure; and a processing means for determining a current dose location by applying to each dose location the transformation determined in respect of the associated anatomical structure. This is particularly useful for the neck region of a patient, where the likelihood and magnitude of movements are both high, but there are plenty of distinguishable anatomical features in the form of the vertebrae.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于放射治疗的治疗计划装置，其适于接受治疗计划，其包括（i）待治疗区域的先前图像和在先图像内的多个剂量位置，以及（ii）该区域的当前图像 所述装置包括关联装置，其针对每个剂量位置布置在邻近该剂量位置的先前图像中定位解剖结构; 比较器，用于比较现有图像和当前图像，将当前图像中至少定位到与剂量位置相关联的那些解剖结构定位，以及确定每个解剖结构的现有图像和当前图像之间的变换; 以及处理装置，用于通过向每个剂量位置施加关于相关解剖结构确定的变换来确定当前剂量位置。 这对于患者的颈部区域特别有用，其中运动的可能性和大小都很高，但是椎骨形式中存在大量可区分的解剖特征。

公开(公告)号：WO2004064641A8

公开(公告)日：2004-09-10

申请号：PCT/GB2004000220

申请日：2004-01-20

Applicant: ELEKTA AB ,  BROWN KEVIN JOHN ,  JAFFRAY DAVID ,  SIEWERDSEN JEFFREY ,  VAN HERK MARCEL ,  SONKE JAN-JAKOB

Inventor： BROWN KEVIN JOHN ,  JAFFRAY DAVID ,  SIEWERDSEN JEFFREY ,  VAN HERK MARCEL ,  SONKE JAN-JAKOB

IPC: A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/03 ,  G06T11/00 ,  A61B5/113 ,  A61N5/10

CPC classification number: A61B6/541 ,  A61B6/032 ,  G06T11/005 ,  G06T2211/412

Abstract: Artefacts in the reconstructed volume data of cone beam CT systems can be removed by the application of respiration correlation techniques to the acquired projection images. To achieve this, the phase of the patients breathing is monitored while acquiring projection images continuously. On completion of the acquisition, projection images that have comparable breathing phases can be selected from the complete set, and these are used to reconstruct the volume data using similar techniques to those of conventional CT. Any phase can be selected and therefore the effect of breathing can be studied. It is also possible to use a feature in the projection image(s) such as the patient's diaphragm to determine the breathing phase. This feature in the projection images can be used to control delivery of therapeutic radiation dependent on the patient's breathing cycle, to ensure that the tumour is in the correct position when the radiation is delivered.

Abstract translation: 通过对所获取的投影图像应用呼吸相关技术，可以去除锥束CT系统的重建体数据中的文物。 为了实现这一点，在持续拍摄投影图像的同时监测患者呼吸的阶段。 完成采集后，可以从完整组中选择具有相似呼吸相位的投影图像，并使用与常规CT类似的技术来重建体积数据。 可以选择任何相位，因此可以研究呼吸的效果。 也可以使用诸如患者隔膜的投影图像中的特征来确定呼吸阶段。 投影图像中的该特征可以用于控制取决于患者呼吸周期的治疗辐射的传递，以确保当辐射被递送时肿瘤处于正确的位置。

公开(公告)号：WO2004047923A1

公开(公告)日：2004-06-10

申请号：PCT/GB2003/004881

申请日：2003-11-13

Applicant: ELEKTA AB (PUBL) ,  BROWN, Kevin, John

Inventor： BROWN, Kevin, John

IPC: A61N5/10

CPC classification number: A61N5/1049 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61N5/1065 ,  A61N2005/1061

Abstract: A radiotherapy apparatus comprises a source of therapeutic radiation, a source of imaging radiation and a two-dimensional imager for the imaging radiation, a computing means for preparing tomography data from the output of the imager, the therapeutic source being controllable on the basis of feedback from the tomography data, wherein the computing means is arranged to prepare a plurality of intersecting sectional views from the output of the imager, akin to a portal image but with better contrast and the detail of a section rather than that of a projection. This is easier to interpret and visualise a series of sectional than a three dimensional view. Pixels of the images are the result of averaging a plurality of voxels arranged transverse to the section, typically orthogonal and linear. There is ideally a display means for showing the sectional views to an operator. The therapeutic source can then be controlled on the basis of instructions from the operator. The superimposed image on the display can be derived from one of a previous investigation and a treatment of the patient.

Abstract translation: 放射治疗装置包括治疗辐射源，成像辐射源和用于成像辐射的二维成像器，用于从成像器的输出准备断层摄影数据的计算装置，所述治疗源可基于反馈来控制 其中所述计算装置被布置成从所述成像器的输出准备多个相交截面图，类似于门户图像，但具有更好的对比度和部分的细节而不是投影的细节。 这比三维视图更容易解释和可视化一系列剖面。 图像的像素是平均化横截于该部分的多个体素的结果，通常是正交和线性的。 理想地是用于显示操作者的截面视图的显示装置。 然后可以基于来自操作者的指示来控制治疗源。 显示器上的叠加图像可以从先前的调查和患者的治疗之一导出。

公开(公告)号：WO2009080080A1

公开(公告)日：2009-07-02

申请号：PCT/EP2007/011342

申请日：2007-12-21

Applicant: ELEKTA AB (PUBL) ,  THE INSTITUTE OF CANCER RESEARCH ,  BROWN, Kevin, John ,  THOMPSON, Maria, Giulia ,  ROBERTS, David, Anthony ,  EVANS, Philip, Mark ,  HANSEN, Vibeke, Nordmark

Inventor： BROWN, Kevin, John ,  THOMPSON, Maria, Giulia ,  ROBERTS, David, Anthony ,  EVANS, Philip, Mark ,  HANSEN, Vibeke, Nordmark

IPC: H05H9/04

CPC classification number: H05H7/12 ,  H01J35/00 ,  H01J2235/08 ,  H05H6/00 ,  H05H9/04

Abstract: X-ray apparatus comprises a linear accelerator adapted to produce a beam of electrons at one of at least two selectable energies and being controlled to change the selected energy on a periodic basis, and a target to which the beam is directed thereby to produce a beam of x-radiation, the target being non- homogenous and being driven to move periodically in synchrony with the change of the selected energy. In this way, the target can move so that a different part is exposed to the electron beam when different pulses arrive. This enables the appropriate target material to be employed depending on the selected energy. The easiest form of periodic movement for the target is likely to be a rotational movement. The target can be immersed in a coolant fluid such as water. The linear accelerator can be of the type disclosed in WO2006/097697A1. The target preferably contains at least one exposed area of tungsten and/or at least one exposed area of carbon. These can be present as inhomogeneities in the material of which the target is composed, such as Carbon inserts in a Tungsten substrate (or vice versa), alternating segments of Carbon and Tungsten, Carbon and Tungsten inserts in a substrate of a third material, or arrangements involving other materials in addition to or instead of Carbon and/or Tungsten. Alternatively, the target can be of a homogenous material but have inhomogeneities in its thickness to cater for the different electron energies. The same concept can be applied to the filter. A detector can be provided, operating in synchrony with the energy variation. Such an x-ray apparatus can form a part of a radiotherapy apparatus, in which case the first selected energy can be a diagnostic energy and a second selected energy a therapeutic energy.

Abstract translation: X射线装置包括线性加速器，其适于以至少两个可选择的能量之一产生电子束，并被控制以周期性地改变所选择的能量，以及射束被引导从而产生射束 的x辐射，目标是不均匀的并被驱动以与所选择的能量的变化同步地周期性地移动。 以这种方式，当不同的脉冲到达时，目标可以移动，使得不同的部分暴露于电子束。 这使得能够根据所选择的能量使用适当的目标材料。 目标的最简单的周期性运动形式可能是旋转运动。 目标可以浸入冷却液如水中。 线性加速器可以是WO2006 / 097697A1中公开的类型。 目标优选地包含钨的至少一个暴露区域和/或至少一个暴露的碳区域。 这些可以作为靶材组成的材料中的不均匀性，例如在钨基底（或反之亦然）中的碳插入物），碳和钨的交替段，碳和钨插入物在第三材料的衬底中，或 除碳或/或钨之外还有其他材料的安排。 或者，靶可以是均质材料，但是其厚度具有不均匀性以适应不同的电子能量。 相同的概念可以应用于过滤器。 可以提供与能量变化同步操作的检测器。 这种X射线设备可以形成放射治疗设备的一部分，在这种情况下，第一选择的能量可以是诊断能量，而第二选择的能量可以是治疗能量。

公开(公告)号：WO2002069349A1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-06

申请号：PCT/GB2002/000789

申请日：2002-02-27

Applicant: ELEKTA AB (PUBL) ,  BROWN, Kevin, John ,  JAFFRAY, David, Anthony

Inventor： BROWN, Kevin, John ,  JAFFRAY, David, Anthony

IPC: G21K1/04

CPC classification number: A61N5/1042 ,  A61N5/1047 ,  G21K1/04 ,  G21K1/046

Abstract: A radiotherapeutic apparatus employs a collimator (52) set below a radiation source (50) and is adapted to move along an arc (54) substantially centred on the radiation source (50). As it sweeps the arc, the collimator (52) is adjusted so as to define the appropriate shape of radiation beam. A continuous sweep over the patient avoids edge artefacts and localised accumulation of leakage.

Abstract translation: 放射治疗装置使用设置在辐射源（50）下方的准直器（52），并且适于沿着基本上位于辐射源（50）中心的弧（54）移动。 当扫描电弧时，准直器（52）被调节以便限定辐射束的适当形状。 持续扫过患者可避免边缘伪像和局部渗漏。

公开(公告)号：WO2013107472A1

公开(公告)日：2013-07-25

申请号：PCT/EP2012/000248

申请日：2012-01-20

Applicant: ELEKTA AB (PUBL) ,  CHEN, Rui ,  BROWN, Kevin John

Inventor： CHEN, Rui ,  BROWN, Kevin John

IPC: A61N5/10 ,  A61B19/00

CPC classification number: A61N5/1049 ,  A61B2090/065 ,  A61N5/1064 ,  A61N2005/1058 ,  A61N2005/1059 ,  A61N2005/1061

Abstract: There is a need within the art of radiation therapy for improved systems and methods that enable intra-fraction motion detection with a high degree of accuracy and reliability so as to avoid or at least significantly reduce the risk of undesired damage to surrounding tissue. We therefore disclose a radiotherapy apparatus for treating a patient, incorporating an ionising treatment modality, an ionising investigative source for determining the current patient position so as to guide the ionising treatment modality, a control system for the ionising investigative source, arranged to initiate the commencement of an investigative scan on a periodic basis, and a non-ionising monitoring system that runs continuously with the ionising treatment modality and alerts the control system as to when there appears to have been movement of the patient. In this way, unnecessary ionising investigative scans can be avoided. This reduces the ionising dose that is delivered to the patient whilst still watching for movement and retaining the accuracy of an ionising investigative source such as an x-ray system, computed tomography (CT) system, cone- beam CT apparatus, and the like. The control system initiates an investigative scan after a preset period unless the monitoring system indicates no movement, or if the monitoring system indicates movement. The monitoring system can comprises an ultrasound scanning system, and/or an optical tracking system, and/or a proximity sensor such as an infra-red proximity sensor.

Abstract translation: 在辐射治疗领域中需要改进的系统和方法，其能够以高精度和可靠性实现部分内运动检测，以避免或至少显着降低对周围组织的不期望的损伤的风险。 因此，我们公开了一种用于治疗患者的放射治疗装置，包括电离治疗模式，用于确定当前患者位置的电离调查来源以引导电离治疗模式，用于电离调查源的控制系统，其被设置为启动开始 定期进行调查扫描，以及非电离监测系统，其以电离处理模式连续运行，并且向控制系统警告患者何时发生移动。 以这种方式，可以避免不必要的电离调查扫描。 这降低了传递给患者的电离剂量，同时仍在观察运动并保持诸如x射线系统，计算机断层扫描（CT）系统，锥束CT装置等的电离调查源的准确性。 控制系统在预设的时间段之后启动调查扫描，除非监视系统指示没有移动，或监视系统是否指示移动。 监测系统可以包括超声波扫描系统和/或光学跟踪系统，和/或诸如红外接近传感器的接近传感器。

公开(公告)号：WO2004066211A1

公开(公告)日：2004-08-05

申请号：PCT/GB2004/000155

申请日：2004-01-20

Applicant: ELEKTA AB (PUBL) ,  LAMBERT, Zijp ,  BROWN, Kevin, John ,  JAFFRAY, David ,  SIEWERDSEN, Jeffrey ,  VAN HERK, Marcel ,  SONKE, Jan-Jakob

Inventor： LAMBERT, Zijp ,  BROWN, Kevin, John ,  JAFFRAY, David ,  SIEWERDSEN, Jeffrey ,  VAN HERK, Marcel ,  SONKE, Jan-Jakob

IPC: G06T7/00

CPC classification number: G06T5/009 ,  A61N5/1064 ,  G06T5/003 ,  G06T7/0016 ,  G06T7/20 ,  G06T11/005 ,  G06T2207/10081 ,  G06T2207/20068 ,  G06T2207/20192 ,  G06T2207/30061 ,  G06T2207/30096 ,  G06T2211/412

Abstract: An apparatus, method and software module for selecting phase/correlated images from the output of a scanner such as a cone beam CT scanner operates by collapsing the images derived from the series from two dimensions to one dimension by summing the intensities of pixels along a dimension transverse to the one dimension, producing a further image from a composite of the one-dimensional images obtained from images in the series, analysing the further image for periodic patterns, and selecting from the series images having like phase in that periodic pattern. If desired, a plurality of reconstructions can be derived at different phases. The analysis of the further image for periodic patterns can include comparing the one-dimensional images therein, to identify a movement of features in that dimension. This allows (inter alia) the accurate determination of the breathing cycle in a patient and a concomitant improvement in the quality of CT scans by using phase-correlated images.

Abstract translation: 用于从诸如锥形束CT扫描仪的扫描仪的输出中选择相位/相关图像的装置，方法和软件模块通过将沿着尺寸的像素的强度相加而将从二维衍生的图像从二维折叠到一维来进行操作 横向于一个维度，从从该系列中的图像获得的一维图像的合成中产生另外的图像，分析另外的图像用于周期性图案，并从具有该周期性图案的类似相位的系列图像中进行选择。 如果需要，可以在不同的阶段导出多个重建。 对于周期性图案的另外的图像的分析可以包括比较其中的一维图像，以识别该维度中的特征的运动。 这允许（特别地）通过使用相位相关图像来准确地确定患者的呼吸周期和伴随的CT扫描质量的改善。

公开(公告)号：WO2010012983A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-04

申请号：PCT/GB2009/001821

申请日：2009-07-24

Applicant: ELEKTA AB (publ) ,  JAFFRAY, David, A. ,  BROWN, Kevin, John ,  BOOTSMA, Gregory ,  RUSCHIN, Mark ,  CARLSSON, Per

Inventor： JAFFRAY, David, A. ,  BROWN, Kevin, John ,  BOOTSMA, Gregory ,  RUSCHIN, Mark ,  CARLSSON, Per

IPC: A61N5/10

CPC classification number: A61N5/1084 ,  A61N5/1065 ,  A61N2005/1059 ,  A61N2005/1061 ,  A61N2005/1063 ,  A61N2005/1097

Abstract: A highly compact, high-performance volumetric imaging system is proposed, that is integrated with a multi-source Cobalt-60 gamma irradiator for high throughput, high accuracy and minimally invasive fractioned treatments of intracranial, orbital and head-and-neck targets.

Abstract translation: 提出了一种高度紧凑，高性能的体积成像系统，它与多源Cobalt-60γ辐射器集成，用于高通量，高精度和微创分级治疗颅内，眼眶和头颈部目标。

公开(公告)号：WO2004064641A1

公开(公告)日：2004-08-05

申请号：PCT/GB2004/000220

申请日：2004-01-20

Applicant: ELEKTA AB (publ) ,  BROWN, Kevin, John ,  JAFFRAY, David ,  SIEWERDSEN, Jeffrey ,  VAN HERK, Marcel ,  SONKE, Jan-Jakob

Inventor： BROWN, Kevin, John ,  JAFFRAY, David ,  SIEWERDSEN, Jeffrey ,  VAN HERK, Marcel ,  SONKE, Jan-Jakob

IPC: A61B6/03

CPC classification number: A61B6/541 ,  A61B6/032 ,  G06T11/005 ,  G06T2211/412

Abstract: Artefacts in the reconstructed volume data of cone beam CT systems can be removed by the application of respiration correlation techniques to the acquired projection images. To achieve this, the phase of the patients breathing is monitored while acquiring projection images continuously. On completion of the acquisition, projection images that have comparable breathing phases can be selected from the complete set, and these are used to reconstruct the volume data using similar techniques to those of conventional CT. Any phase can be selected and therefore the effect of breathing can be studied. It is also possible to use a feature in the projection image(s) such as the patient's diaphragm to determine the breathing phase. This feature in the projection images can be used to control delivery of therapeutic radiation dependent on the patient's breathing cycle, to ensure that the tumour is in the correct position when the radiation is delivered.

Abstract translation: 通过将呼吸相关技术应用于所采集的投影图像，可以去除锥束CT系统的重建体数据中的人为因素。 为了实现这个目标，在连续采集投影图像的同时监测患者呼吸的阶段。 完成采集后，可以从整套设备中选择具有可比较呼吸阶段的投影图像，并且这些投影图像用于使用与常规CT类似的技术重建体数据。 任何阶段都可以选择，因此可以研究呼吸的影响。 也可以在投影图像（如患者的膈肌）中使用特征来确定呼吸相位。 投影图像中的这一特征可用于控制取决于患者呼吸周期的治疗性放射的输送，以确保当放射线被输送时肿瘤处于正确的位置。