Abstract:
A method of determining an overlay error in which asymmetry of a first order of a diffraction pattern is modeled as being a weighted sum of harmonics. Both the first order harmonic and higher order harmonics are non-negligible and weights for both are calculated. The weights are calculated using three or more of sets of superimposed patterns using a least mean square method.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a simple, efficient and accurate breath collection device and a corresponding method for collecting the breath of a patient for analysis. The device comprises a gas mixture container (1) containing a gas mixture for inhalation by the patient, and a breathing unit (2) containing an inlet (21) connected to said gas mixture container (1) for letting in gas from the gas mixture container (1), an outlet (22) for letting out gas exhaled by the patientand a breathing element (23) for inhaling gas from the inlet (21) and exhaling gas to the outlet (22). The gas mixture container (1) contains a gas mixture containing a predetermined set of volatile organic compounds (VOC) markers.
Abstract:
A target for measuring an overlay error or a critical dimension of a substrate comprises a grating. In one example, lines of the grating are arranged at an angle of about 45° with respect to edges of the target. As a consequence, the diffraction order of the grating reflection has its sub-maxima not aligned along the line on which the other diffraction orders are positioned, and overlap of intensity with other diffraction orders is reduced
Abstract:
An apparatus (195) for retrieving a grid pattern of a plurality of spots (113, 114) on a substrate (111) of a sensor carrier (110), wherein the plurality of spots (113, 114) comprise a plurality of reference spots (113) arranged for identifying the grid pattern based on an image of at least the plurality of reference spots (113, 114), the apparatus (195) comprising a first determination unit (163) adapted for performing a coarse gridding procedure for determining coarse information regarding the grid pattern based on an analysis of the image of the plurality of reference spots (113), and a second determination unit (165) adapted for performing a fine gridding procedure for determining the grid pattern based on the determined coarse information regarding the grid pattern.
Abstract:
A two-dimensional sensor array or sensor carrier (110), comprising a substrate (111) and a plurality of spots (113, 114) formed on the substrate (111), wherein the plurality of spots (113, 114) comprise at least one reference spot (113) arranged for encoding identification information for identification of said two- dimensional sensor-array.
Abstract:
The present invention discloses an optical drive and a method for preprocessing a disc readout signal r k of an optical drive on the basis of a set of low-pass filters. The cutoff frequency f c of the filters wk, more particularly, can be set within the optical bandwidth, which improves the Viterbi detection performance in the case of high speed drive operations. Three types of filters are described, in which a Type I shaping filter performs best given a limited hardware cost for the bit detector. Compared to other more advanced noise- whitening techniques, it is only speed dependent and requires little prior knowledge of the channel and noise, thus cheap and easy to design. The invention can be applied in connection with optical disc drives, in particular when high frequency noises are dominant, for example, in the case of high speed operations.
Abstract translation:本发明公开了一种用于基于一组低通滤波器来预处理光盘驱动器的盘读出信号的光驱动器和方法。 滤波器wk的截止频率f c c可以在光学带宽内设置,这提高了在高速驱动操作的情况下的维特比检测性能。 描述了三种类型的滤波器,其中在给定位检测器的有限硬件成本的情况下,I型整形滤波器性能最佳。 与其他更先进的噪声美白技术相比,它只是速度依赖性,并且对通道和噪声几乎没有先前的了解,因此便宜且易于设计。 本发明可以与光盘驱动器结合使用,特别是当高频噪声占主导地位时,例如在高速操作的情况下。
Abstract:
The invention provides an efficient reading device in which, even if one radiation beam should fail, no information is lost and the information can still be read out without time-consuming recurring operations. The present invention solves this problem by providing a reading device (Fig. 5A) and a means (Fig. 4) for forming read-out spots (A, B, C, D, E) that are built up by multiple radiation beams from the radiation source (4). This has the advantage that each read-out spot will have energy contributions from different radiation beams and, should one radiation beam break down, the intensity of some of the read-out spots may indeed diminish, but the information can still be read out thanks to the contributions from other radiation beams.
Abstract:
This ID proposes synchronization patterns for RLL codes with a (repeated) minimum transition run (RMTR) constraint, where the synchronization pattern comprises a synchronization pattern-body that contains a characteristic bit-pattern that represents a violation of the RMTR constraint. Using a violation of the RMTR constraint allows for short synchronization patterns.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a device in a corresponding method for encoding a secondary information (r) of a secondary channel into a channel data stream (3) of a primary channel, said channel data stream (3) comprising at least two symbol rows of channel symbols one-dimensionally evolving along a first direction (t) and aligned with each other along a second direction (r), said two directions constituting a two-dimensional lattice of symbol positions. To provide a device and a method for encoding which can be used in a two-dimensional storage system, it is proposed that the device comprises: - a primary encoder (11) for encoding a primary information (1) into said primary channel data stream (3) of said primary channel, - a secondary encoder (12) for encoding said secondary information (2) into a secondary channel data stream (6) for embedding into the recorded signal of said primary channel data stream (3) and - a parameter modulation means (13) for varying a recording parameter (7) for one or more symbol rows based on said secondary information around an average value (9) using a variation parameter (5), said recording parameter (7) being used for recording said primary channel data stream (3) on a record carrier (21), said variations being made such that said average value (9) remains substantially constant and that said modulations can be detected by a decoding device, said secondary information being encoded into said variations.
Abstract:
A loss of performance of slicer adaptation at high capacities due to the mismatch between the exact bits used in the computation of the RDS for the DC-control on the one hand and the often erroneous threshold decisions that are preliminarily made based on the HF waveform on the other hand, is resolved by performing a new method of DC- control at the encoder: the RDS is modified such that it is not based on the exact channel bits, but on the threshold decisions from a synthetic HF signal waveform that is generated based on a nominal MTF (modulation transfer function) or its IRF (impulse response function) of the channel. In this way, the impact of the erroneous threshold decisions in the receiver are already taken into account at the encoder, and the slicer control is no longer negatively affected thereby.