Abstract:
Process for improving the chemical durability of glass by modifying at least one surface of a glass substrate. The modification process utilizes crystalline metal oxide particles with a mean aerodynamic particle diameter of less than 1000 nm, which are at least partially embedded on and into the glass surface. Apparatus for depositing crystalline metal oxide particles on glass surface.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an apparatus for producing nanotubes, the apparatus being adapted to produce doped and/or undoped single-walled or multi-walled nanotubes, the apparatus comprising at least a thermal reactor. In accordance with the invention, the reactor is at least of the hottest part thereof and at least partly manufactured from a material that is at least partly sublimed into the thermal reactor as a result of the thermal reactor being heated, and the sublimed material at least partly participates in the growth of the nanotubes.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a device and a method for producing nanoparticles, in which method starting materials (105A, 105B) for nanoparticles are mixed at least as liquid droplets (202A, 202B) and, optionally, also as gases and/or vapours with at least combustion gases in a premixing chamber (201). This mixture (212) is separated for liquid drops larger than 5-50 micrometer (214), whereafter the processed mixture (217) is conducted to a thermal reactor, such as flame or plasma, in which the starting materials react and the optional solvents evaporate and generate, through nucleation and/or sintering and/or agglomeration, particles having a diameter of 1 to 1000 nanometres (109).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method and apparatus for coating glass with a CVD method. According to the invention, the coating is deposited by delivering some of the coating material into the coating in the form of solid particles, whose composition is substantially the same as the composition of the coating to be deposited and whose diameter is less than 200 nm.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a device and a method for producing nanoparticles, in which method starting materials (105A, 105B) for nanoparticles are mixed at least as liquid droplets (202A, 202B) and, optionally, also as gases and/or vapours with at least combustion gases in a premixing chamber (201). This mixture (212) is separated for liquid drops larger than 5-50 micrometer (214), whereafter the processed mixture (217) is conducted to a thermal reactor, such as flame or plasma, in which the starting materials react and the optional solvents evaporate and generate, through nucleation and/or sintering and/or agglomeration, particles having a diameter of 1 to 1000 nanometres (109).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a burner for forming a line-shaped flame. The burner comprises a frame having an elongated burner head (2) including ports for substance to be introduced into the flame of the burner and a feed pipe (4) mounted inside the elongated frame and provided with one or more feed openings (28) for gas to be supplied to the burner. The burner also comprises a curved first separating plate (8) that opens into a burner head (2), is mounted around a feed pipe (4) inside the burner frame, and whose edges in parallel with the burner head (2) extend to the burner head (2), and one or more raising parts (16) mounted inside the first separating plate (8) for forming one or more flow channels inside the first separating plate (8) and extending to the burner head (2) so as to pass the gas to be supplied to the burner head (2) from the feed pipe (4) to the burner head (2).
Abstract:
A surface treatment device that ejects a combination of precursor substances as a directed flow of surface treatment particles. Planar objects are conveyed along a defined plane through the particle flow, a region on the surface of the planar object that the particle flow hits forming a region of direct impact. The device comprises directing means for directing the particle flow to travel along the surface of the planar object in an extended impact region outside the region of direct impact; and flow control means for controlling the extent of the extended impact region which may include a vortex flow. The exposure of the treated surface with the particle flow increases and the probability of the desired surface treatment processes to take place increases.
Abstract:
A method of modifying a surface of a glass product. The method comprises conveying particles (105), with a diameter of less than 1 micrometre, to the surface of the glass (101 ), a material contained in the particles being at least partly dissolved and diffused in the glass. The method comprises a step of heating the surface of the glass, whereby the dynamic viscosity of the glass changes as a function of the depth in the glass, being lowest at the surface. An apparatus for modifying a surface of a hot glass product comprises means (108) for flame spraying. Glass products wherein the content of an element which provides the glass with a functionality decreases steplessly upon proceeding from the surface of the glass deeper into the glass.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for processing a preform and/or drawing an optical fibre. The method is characterized by securing the preform (2) to the processing device by means of at least two separate gripping means (4, 6), heating the preform (2) or a section thereof by means of at least one heating device at least locally, generating a tension in the preform (2) by means of the gripping means (4, 6), and processing the preform (2) by moving one of the gripping means (4, 6) and the heating means (12) and by keeping the gripping means (4, 6) on the side of the end product of the preform in position relative to the body of the processing device, whereby the end product produced also remains in position relative to the body of the processing device.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method and apparatus for coating a substrate (15) using one or more liquid starting materials. The substrate is coated by atomizing one or more liquid starting materials into droplets (3) and vaporizing the droplets (3) in a deposition chamber (16) for before the starting materials react on the surface of the substrate (15). According to the present invention the droplets (3) are guided towards the substrate (15) with electrical forces before the droplets (3) are vaporized.