Abstract:
A method of determining an optimal operational parameter setting of a metrology system is described. Free-form wafer shape measurements are performed (304). A model is applied (306), transforming the measured warp to modeled warp scaling values (308). Wafers are clamped to a chuck in a lithographic apparatus, causing wafer deformation. Alignment marks are measured using the scanner alignment system (312) with four alignment measurement colors. Scaling values (314) thus obtained are corrected (316) with the modeled warp scaling values (308) to determine corrected scaling values (318). The optimal alignment measurement color is determined, based on the corrected scaling values (318). Scaling values are selected that were measured using the optimal alignment measurement color and, at step (326), the wafer grid (328) is determined using the selected scaling values. A wafer is exposed (330) using the determined wafer grid (328) to correct exposure of the wafer.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method of measuring a parameter of a lithographic process, and associated computer program and apparatuses. The method comprises providing a plurality of target structures on a substrate, each target structure comprising a first structure and a second structure on different layers of the substrate. Each target structure is measured with measurement radiation to obtain a measurement of target asymmetry in the target structure, the target asymmetry comprising an overlay contribution due to misalignment of the first and second structures, and a structural contribution due to structural asymmetry in at least the first structure. A structural asymmetry characteristic relating to the structural asymmetry in at least the first structure of each target structure is obtained, the structural asymmetry characteristic being independent of at least one selected characteristic of the measurement radiation. The measurement of target asymmetry and the structural asymmetry characteristic is then used to determine the overlay contribution of the target asymmetry of each target structure.
Abstract:
A diffraction measurement target that has at least a first sub-target and at least a second sub-target, and wherein (1) the first and second sub-targets each include a pair of periodic structures and the first sub-target has a different design than the second sub-target, the different design including the first sub-target periodic structures having a different pitch, feature width, space width, and/or segmentation than the second sub-target periodic structure or (2) the first and second sub-targets respectively include a first and second periodic structure in a first layer, and a third periodic structure is located at least partly underneath the first periodic structure in a second layer under the first layer and there being no periodic structure underneath the second periodic structure in the second layer, and a fourth periodic structure is located at least partly underneath the second periodic structure in a third layer under the second layer. A method of devising such a measurement target involving locating an assist feature at a periphery of the sub-targets, the assist feature being configured to reduce measured intensity peaks at the periphery of the sub-targets.
Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus (LA) applies a pattern repeatedly to target portions (fields, C) across a substrate (W). Prior to applying the pattern an alignment sensor (AS) measures positions of marks in the plane of the substrate and a level sensor (LS) measures height deviations in a direction normal to the plane of the substrate. The apparatus applies the pattern to the substrate while (a) positioning the applied pattern using the positions measured by the alignment sensor and (b) focusing the pattern using the height deviations measured by the level sensor. The apparatus is further arranged (c) to calculate and apply corrections in the positioning of the applied pattern, based on derivatives of the measured height deviations. The corrections may be calculated on intrafield and/or interfield basis. The corrections may be based on changes between the observed height deviations and height deviations measured previously on the same substrate.