Abstract:
A toner is provided which is excellent in development stability in both a low-temperature, low-humidity environment and a high-temperature, high-humidity environment over a long time period. The toner includes toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a colorant, and a fatty acid metal salt. The fatty acid metal salt has a volume-based median diameter (D50s) of 0.15 Êm or more and 0.65 Êm or less, and the liberation ratio of the fatty acid metal salt in the toner is 1.0% or more and 25.0% or less.
Abstract:
To provide an optical member in which crystallization is suppressed and which has a porous glass layer on a base material. An optical member has a base material (1) and a porous glass layer (2) which is formed on the base material (1) and has a three-dimensional through pore, in which the existence ratio of crystals of 0.2 micrometer or more in the porous glass layer (2) is 1.0% or lower. The optical member is manufactured by heating a glass powder layer at a temperature elevation rate of 50 degree/min or higher to form a base glass layer which is then phase separated and etched.
Abstract:
A method for manufacturing a porous glass includes: forming a phase-separated glass by heating at a temperature in a range of 300 to 500 degrees Celsius for 3 to 50 hours for phase separation of a glass body in which the concentration of SiO 2 is 50 to 70 percent by weight, the concentration of B 2 O 3 is 15 to 40 percent by weight, the concentration of Li 2 O is 1.0 to 8.0 percent by weight, the concentration of Na 2 O is 2.0 to 8.0 percent by weight, the concentration of K 2 O is 0.3 to 5.0 percent by weight, the total concentration of Li 2 O, Na 2 O, and K 2 O is 3.5 to 15 percent by weight, and the ratio of the concentration of K 2 O to the total concentration of Li 2 O, Na 2 O, and K 2 O is 0.10 to 0.30; and forming a porous glass by etching the phase-separated glass.
Abstract:
To provide a method of manufacturing a porous glass in which the porosity decreases as a function of the distance from the surface in the direction of depth. A method of manufacturing a porous glass includes a step of bringing one or more than one ion species selected from silver ion, potassium ion and lithium ion into contact with a matrix glass containing borosilicate glass as main ingredient and heating the matrix glass to form a glass body having an ion concentration distribution with a concentration of the one or more than one ion species decreasing as a function of a distance from a surface in a direction of depth, a step of heating and phase-separating the glass body to form a phase-separated glass, and a step of etching the phase-separated glass to form a porous glass having a porosity decreasing as the function of the distance from the surface in the direction of depth.
Abstract:
There is provided an optical member having a low reflectance and a good dustproof property. An optical member includes a base and a porous layer disposed on the base and including a plurality of pores. A plurality of projections are formed on a surface of the porous layer. The width of the projections is larger than the pore size of the pores of the porous layer. The distance between the projections is 75 nm or more and 300 nm or less.
Abstract:
Provided is an optical member having high strength, low reflection, and a high transmittance. The optical member includes: a transparent substrate; and a porous glass layer having a spinodal-type porous structure disposed on the transparent substrate, in which at least one of the average pore diameter of a pore formed in the porous glass layer and the average skeleton diameter of a skeleton of the porous glass layer is set so that the optical member has a transmittance of 50% or more in the wavelength region of 450 nm or more and 650 nm or less.
Abstract:
A toner is provided that exhibits a high long-term image stability even during high-speed printing and that also exhibits an excellent environmental stability. The toner comprises a binder resin, a colorant, and a nonionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant has an oxyethylene group (EO) and an oxypropylene group (PO) and has a ratio of the number of moles of the oxypropylene group to the number of moles of the oxyethylene group (PO/EO) of at least 0.01 and not more than 5.00; and when A (μg/g) is defined as a nonionic surfactant content on the surface of the toner that can be extracted by methanol from 1 g of the toner and B (mソ2?/g) is defined as a theoretical specific surface area determined from a toner particle diameter distribution obtained by a precision particle diameter distribution analyzer that operates based on an aperture electrical resistance method, a ratio A/B is at least 100 μg/mソ2? and not more than 9000 μg/mソ2?.
Abstract translation:提供即使在高速印刷期间也表现出高的长期图像稳定性并且也表现出优异的环境稳定性的调色剂。 调色剂包括粘合剂树脂,着色剂和非离子表面活性剂,其中非离子表面活性剂具有氧化乙烯基(EO)和氧化亚丙基(PO),并且氧化丙烯基的摩尔数与 氧乙烯基(PO / EO)的摩尔数为至少0.01且不大于5.00; 并且当将A(μg/ g)定义为可从1g调色剂中由甲醇萃取的调色剂表面上的非离子表面活性剂含量,并且将B(m 2 2 / g)定义为理论比表面积 由通过孔径电阻法操作的精密粒径分布分析仪获得的调色剂粒径分布确定的面积,A / B比至少为100μg/ m 2〜 不超过9000μg/ m 2。
Abstract:
There are provided an optical member having a low reflectance and a good dustproof property and an image pickup apparatus. A plurality of projections are formed on a surface of a low-refractive-index layer disposed on a base and having a refractive index lower than that of the base so that a distance between peaks of the projections is 50 nm or more and 600 nm or less. An occupied area percentage at a depth of 15 nm in a direction toward the base from a peak farthest from the base among the peaks of the projections is 40% or less. An average of minor axis lengths of the projections at a depth of 5 nm or more and 15 nm or less in the direction is 15 nm or more.
Abstract:
There is provided an optical member having a low reflectance and a good dustproof property. An optical member includes a base and a low-refractive- index layer disposed on the base and containing particles having a refractive index lower than that of the base. A plurality of projections are formed on a surface of the low- refractive-index layer. The width of the projections is 5 nm or more and 80 nm or less and the distance between the projections is 80 nm or more and 250 nm or less.
Abstract:
This invention provides an optical member in which ripple is suppressed and a porous glass layer is formed on a base member and also provides a method for easily manufacturing the optical member. An optical member has a base member (1) and a porous glass layer (2) formed on the base member (1), in which a textured structure is formed on the interface contacting the porous glass layer (2) of the base member (1) and the height of the textured structure is 100 nm or more and equal to or lower than the thickness of the porous glass layer (2).