Abstract:
A reactive and adsorptive (i.e., protective) fiber, a mufti-element protective filter and methods for constructing and using same which possess at least chemically reactive and biocidal properties. Nanoparticles from different classes such as metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal hydrates and POMs are incorporated into elements which can be utilized in a wide variety of protective materials. The nanoparticles may be treated to reduce water solubility or combined with halogens, alkali metals or secondary metal oxides to specifically engineer the nanoparticle to address a particular chemical or biocidal threat. When arranged upstream of an activated carbon filter, the nanoparticles provide enhanced adsorption or additional reactive properties to the protective filter. When used with carbon specially treated with metal ions, the protective filter retains the ability to adsorb blood agents as well. Significant advances in nanoparticle technology are described wherein clusters made from about 1nm to about 200nm sized nanoparticles are reduced to tangible filter element precursors.
Abstract:
An ink composition including a near infrared absorbing dye that converts absorbed near infrared radiation into heat without fluorescing significantly and a substantially non-aqueous, organic solvent system. The dye is one of nickel dithiolate, nickel dithiolene, cyanine, squarylium, croconium, tris (dialkylaminophenyl) aminium, tetrakis (dialkylaminophenyl) aminium, and tetrakis (dialkylaminophenyl) diimonium. The non-aqueous, organic solvent system includes an alcohol, for example, a diacetone alcohol, a-methoxy-2-propanol, or combinations thereof. The method of treating thermoplastic according to the invention includes: (a) providing a near infrared absorbing dye that converts absorbed NIR radiation into heat without fluorescing significantly; (b) dissolving the dye into a substantially non-aqueous, organic solvent to form an ink compotions; and (c) contacting a thermoplastic part with the ink composition. The contacting step may include painting, dip-coating, spraying, printing, and particularly ink jet printing. Examplesof thermoplastic materials are polyesters, polyamides, polyolefins, polyurethanes and polycarbonates.
Abstract:
A reactive and adsorptive (i.e., multi -functional protective) textile and methods for constructing and using same which possess at least chemically reactive and biocidal properties. Nanoparticles from different classes such as metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal hydrates and POMs are incorporated into elements which can be utilized in a wide variety of protective materials. The nanoparticles may be treated to reduce water solubility or combined with halogens, alkali metals or secondary metal oxides to specifically engineer the nanoparticle to address a particular chemical or biocidal threat. In one aspect, a protective spatially-distributed biocidal interface is provided comprising a textile having interior structures, wherein protective nanoparticles bonded to said interior structures such that an article or portions of an article which are maintained in proximity to the textile are permitted to safely pass through a contaminated environment without dispersing the nanoparticles from protective proximity to the article.
Abstract:
A reactive and adsorptive (i.e., protective) fiber, a mufti-element protective filter and methods for constructing and using same which possess at least chemically reactive and biocidal properties. Nanoparticles from different classes such as metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal hydrates and POMs are incorporated into elements which can be utilized in a wide variety of protective materials. The nanoparticles may be treated to reduce water solubility or combined with halogens, alkali metals or secondary metal oxides to specifically engineer the nanoparticle to address a particular chemical or biocidal threat. When arranged upstream of an activated carbon filter, the nanoparticles provide enhanced adsorption or additional reactive properties to the protective filter. When used with carbon specially treated with metal ions, the protective filter retains the ability to adsorb blood agents as well. Significant advances in nanoparticle technology are described wherein clusters made from about 1nm to about 200nm sized nanoparticles are reduced to tangible filter element precursors.
Abstract:
A reactive-adsorptive protective material having an activated carbon adsorbent for adsorbing chemical impurities, wherein nanoparticular entities are loaded into and onto a surface of said activated carbon adsorbent to further impart chemically reactive and biocidal properties onto the activated carbon for providing protection against chemical and biological agents in the atmosphere. Advantageously, a superior reactive-adsorptive material is provided having the ability to kill microorganisms in addition to the ability to neutralize and decompose chemical substances, while at the same time not diminishing the adsorptive/reactive capabilities and effectiveness of either the substrate carbon or the loaded nanoparticular entities used.
Abstract:
A reactive-adsorptive protective material having an activated carbon adsorbent, including those manufactured from a gel-type ion exchange resin. The activated carbon adsorbent has adsorptive properties for adsorbing chemical impurities. The activated carbon is wettlerized to further impart reactive properties onto the activated carbon for providing protection against blood agents in the atmosphere. Advantageously, a superior reactive-adsorptive material is provided having the ability to neutralize chemical substances, in particular, blood agents, while at the same time not diminishing the effectiveness of the carbon's adsorption capabilities.
Abstract:
A weldable workpiece (16) prepared by depositing on a surface of the workpiece, an absorber dye (20) possessing strong absorption and a high extinction coefficient. The dye is deposited at a uniform density and thereby has the capacity to convert inbound radiant energy over about 0.1 J per square millimeter into thermal energy via vibronic relaxation and exothermic decomposition. In optical applications, the workpiece forms welds of high photopic and optical transmission. A method for preprocessing the workpiece describes steps for selecting polymers, dyes and vehicles.
Abstract:
A method for optically coupling a thermoplastic material to an outer surface layer of an organic, dielectric, optical film and the resulting optical filter. Initially, a dielectric film is selected that includes (i) repeating optical layers of at least two polymers having different refractive indexes from each other, (ii) an exterior film surface, (iii) a refractive boundary along the exterior film surface, and (iv) a delamination threshold based on total thermal energy delivered to the film. A thermoplastic material which is miscible with the exterior film surface is fused to the refractive boundary with thermal energy below the delamination threshold to form a polydisperse region having a higher optical transmission than the refractive boundary .Add-on filters in the form of hardcoat layers, anti-reflection layers, holograms, metal dielectric stacks and combinations of these may be combined with the thermoplastic- film construct.